Eco-friendly simultaneous estimation of atenolol and losartan potassium in spiked human plasma via synchronous fluorescence with sustainability assessment.

A green, sensitive, and fast spectrofluorimetric technique for the simultaneous determination of atenolol (ATN) and losartan potassium (LSR) was developed. The proposed technique relied on the implementation of a first derivative synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy for the determination of the investigated drugs simultaneously without pretreatment procedures. The synchronous fluorescence of both drugs was measured in methanol at Δλ of 100 nm, and the first derivative peak amplitudes (1D) were measured at 321 nm for ATN and 348 nm for LSR, each at the zero-crossing point of the other. The method was rectilinear over the concentration ranges of 100-1000 ng/mL and 50-500 ng/mL for ATN and LSR, respectively. The proposed technique was successfully applied for the determination of the studied drugs in their laboratory-prepared mixture and pharmaceutical formulations, demonstrating high mean recoveries of 100.54% for ATN and 100.62% for LSR, without interference from common excipients. The results were in good agreement with those obtained by the comparison method. Three recent greenness assessment tools, the Eco-Scale tool, the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) metric, and the Analytical GREEnness metric approach, were employed to affirm the greenness of the proposed method. The developed method was proven to be eco-friendly.

An eco-friendly and cost-effective HPTLC method for quantification of COVID-19 antiviral drug and co-administered medications in spiked human plasma.

The coronavirus-2 has led to a global pandemic of COVID-19 with an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome leading to worldwide quarantine measures and a rise in death rates. The objective of this study is to propose a green, sensitive, and selective densitometric method to simultaneously quantify remdesivir (REM) in the presence of the co-administered drug linezolid (LNZ) and rivaroxaban (RIV) in spiked human plasma. TLC silica gel aluminum plates 60 F254 were used as the stationary phase, and the mobile phase was composed of dichloromethane (DCM): acetone (8.5:1.5, v/v) with densitometric detection at 254 nm. Well-resolved peaks have been observed with retardation factors (Rf) of 0.23, 0.53, and 0.72 for REM, LNZ, and RIV, respectively. A validation study was conducted according to ICH Q2 (R1) Guidelines. The method was rectilinear over the concentration ranges of 0.2-5.5 µg/band, 0.2-4.5 µg/band and 0.1-3.0 µg/band for REM, LNZ and RIV, respectively. The sensitivities of REM, LIN, and RIV were outstanding, with quantitation limits of 128.8, 50.5, and 55.8 ng/band, respectively. The approach has shown outstanding recoveries ranging from 98.3 to 101.2% when applied to pharmaceutical formulations and spiked human plasma. The method's greenness was assessed using Analytical Eco-scale, GAPI, and AGREE metrics.