RESUMO
The article presents methodological aspects of anthropometric assessment of nutritional status in children under five years of age and their biological mothers. It discusses the strategies used for training and data collection in the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019). ENANI-2019 is a population-based household survey conducted in 123 municipalities in Brazil's 26 states and the Federal District. The anthropometric measurements were body mass and length/stature. The equipment was purchased according to its measurement capacity and precision, portability, and cost-benefit ratio after an extensive market search. The study used internationally established procedures described in manuals, videos, and support material developed for the study by a group of experts. The interviewers were trained to perform the anthropometric measurements and were assessed according to technical measurement error, which was considered adequate (0.30cm) for the children's length/stature measurements. Measurement errors were identified, and the interviewers were retrained when necessary. Of the 14,558 children in the sample, body mass and length/stature measurements were taken in duplicate in 13,835 and 13,693 children, respectively. The standardized methodological aspects will be helpful in future population studies and were essential for obtaining greater reliability in the data for generating current evidence on the anthropometric assessment of the nutritional status of Brazilian children under five years of age, allowing new perspectives for public policy development.
Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil , Estado Nutricional , Antropometria , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Coleta de Dados , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
This study aimed to assess the association between overweight/obesity at different moments in the life cycle and body composition in early adulthood. Data were used from the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study, which has followed live born children of families residing in the urban area of Pelotas at different ages. At 30 years of age, 3,701 cohort members were interviewed and body composition was assessed using Bod Pod, 2,219 cohort members had at least one weight and height measurement taken in the three periods (childhood, adolescence, and adulthood), 24% never presented overweight, and 68.6% were never classified as obese. Elevated body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat at 30 years of age were associated with individuals classified as overweight in all three periods or in adolescence and adulthood, while those with overweight/obesity only in childhood or adolescence showed mean BMI and percent body fat similar to those who had never presented overweight/obesity. The results indicate the benefit of early interruption of overweight/obesity.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade/etiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Resumo: O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a associação entre sobrepeso/obesidade em diferentes momentos do ciclo vital com a composição corporal em adultos jovens. Foram utilizados dados da coorte de nascimentos de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 1982, que tem acompanhado, em diferentes idades, os nascidos vivos cuja família residia na zona urbana da cidade. Aos 30 anos, 3.701 participantes da coorte foram entrevistados, e a composição corporal foi avaliada usando-se o Bod Pod, 2.219 membros da coorte apresentavam, pelo menos, uma medida de peso e altura nos três períodos (infância, adolescência e vida adulta), 24% nunca apresentaram sobrepeso, e 68,6% nunca foram considerados como sendo obesos. Os maiores valores de índice de massa corporal (IMC) e de percentual de massa gorda aos 30 anos foram observados naqueles que foram considerados como tendo sobrepeso nos três períodos ou na adolescência e na idade adulta, enquanto que aqueles com sobrepeso/obesidade apenas na infância ou na adolescência tiveram médias de IMC e percentual de massa gorda similares daqueles que nunca apresentaram sobrepeso/obesidade. Os resultados indicam o benefício da interrupção precoce do sobrepeso/obesidade.
Resumen: Este estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar la asociación entre el sobrepeso/obesidad en diferentes momentos del ciclo de vida con la composición corporal en adultos jóvenes. Se utilizaron datos de la cohorte de nacimientos de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 1982, que acompañó en diferentes edades a los nacidos vivos, cuya familia vivía en la zona urbana de Pelotas. A los 30 años, 3.701 participantes de la cohorte fueron entrevistados y la composición corporal evaluada a través del Bod Pod, 2.219 miembros presentaban por lo menos 1 medida de peso y altura en los tres periodos (infancia, adolescencia, etapa adulta), un 24% nunca presentó sobrepeso y un 68,6% nunca fue considerado obeso. Los valores más altos de índice de masa corporal (IMC) y de percemtage de masa grasa a los 30 años fueron observados en aquellos que fue considerados con sobrepeso en los tres periodos o en la adolescencia y adultez, mientras que aquellos con sobrepeso/obesidad sólo en la infancia o adolescencia tuvieron promedios de IMC y percemtage de masa grasa similares de quien nunca tuvo sobrepeso/obesidad. Los resultados indican el beneficio de la interrupción precoz del sobrepeso/obesidad.
Abstract: This study aimed to assess the association between overweight/obesity at different moments in the life cycle and body composition in early adulthood. Data were used from the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study, which has followed live born children of families residing in the urban area of Pelotas at different ages. At 30 years of age, 3,701 cohort members were interviewed and body composition was assessed using Bod Pod, 2,219 cohort members had at least one weight and height measurement taken in the three periods (childhood, adolescence, and adulthood), 24% never presented overweight, and 68.6% were never classified as obese. Elevated body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat at 30 years of age were associated with individuals classified as overweight in all three periods or in adolescence and adulthood, while those with overweight/obesity only in childhood or adolescence showed mean BMI and percent body fat similar to those who had never presented overweight/obesity. The results indicate the benefit of early interruption of overweight/obesity.