Immediate implant placement and provisionalisation in the aesthetic zone.

The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the outcome of immediate single-tooth implant placement and provisionalisation in the aesthetic zone regarding hard and soft peri-implant tissue parameters and patient-related outcome measures in a private practice. All consecutively treated patients with single-tooth immediate implant placement and provisionalisation between the period 1 January 2006 and 1 April 2013 in a referral practice in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, were included in the study. Fifty-one patients of a total of 64 could be examined at follow-up (Tfollow-up ). Radiographs were present from implant placement (Tplacement ), after definitive crown placement (Tdefinitive ), and new radiographs were taken at the follow-up appointment (Tfollow-up ). Next to this, soft tissue parameters, patients' satisfaction and professionals' aesthetic scores were measured at Tfollow-up . Implant survival was 96·9% after a mean follow-up period of 4 years following implant placement. At definitive crown placement, mean marginal bone-level loss was 0·25 mm (SD 0·19). Mean marginal bone-level loss following definitive crown placement was 0·06 mm (SD 0·10) (Tdefinitive to Tfollow-up ) after a mean follow-up period of 4 years. Plaque index, bleeding index and gingival index scores were low. Patients' satisfaction was rated very high: 9·0 (SD 0·7). Professionals aesthetic score was 16·49 (SD 1·86). From this study can be concluded that immediate placement of implants followed by immediate provisionalisation resulted in a high survival rate, minimum peri-implant bone loss, very good aesthetics and satisfied patients after a mean follow-up period of 4 years.

[Complications in patients with oral implants. Recommendations for routine preventive inspections]. / Complicaties bij patiënten met orale implantaten. Aanbevelingen voor periodiek preventief onderzoek.

Oral implantology is a very fast growing and dynamic area of oral healthcare, carried out by an increasing number of oral healthcare providers. Recommendations for routine preventive inspections are needed to control and monitor the quality of treatment. Routine preventive inspection can be divided into inspection of the peri-implant hard and soft tissues and inspection of the prosthetic construction. The most frequently occurring complications, each with its own treatment, are peri-implant mucositis, peri-implantitis, recession of peri-implant tissues, the loosening or fracturing of overdenture attachment components, deterioration of the fit of overdentures, and the loosening of the screw with which a crown is secured on an implant or implant abutment. Carrying out routine preventive inspections will make it possible to detect and treat complications in a timely fashion.

Microbiology in diagnosis and treatment of severe periodontitis. A report of four cases.

The purpose of this report is to illustrate the use of microbiology in the diagnosis and treatment in four cases of severe adult periodontitis. All four patients were subgingivally infected with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans which was the basis for an adjunct minocycline therapy. Scaling and root planing plus minocycline were not able to establish a clinically stable periodontal condition. A. actinomycetemcomitans was not eliminated from the pockets in any of the patients. Good clinical and microbiological results were obtained after continuous conventional treatment with an adjunct therapy of metronidazole plus amoxycillin. With a 7 day course of this antibiotic therapy, the pockets of all four patients became free of A. actinomycetemcomitans and were still negative on repeated sampling on recall visits. Microbiological monitoring of severe periodontitis in adults seems to be a valuable adjunct to clinical examination. Furthermore, effective antibiotic therapy in A. actinomycetemcomitans-associated periodontitis appears of paramount importance in obtaining a stable periodontal situation.

[Interdisciplinary cooperation in dentistry]. / Interdisciplinaire samenwerking in de tandheelkunde.

The treatment of complex dental problems often requires the involvement of different disciplines in dentistry. Referral of the patient from one dentist or dental-specialist to the other in these cases is not uncommon. It is known as multidisciplinary treatment. In dentistry today treatment planning and treatment of complex dental problems are done as a team, working together, as an interdisciplinary team.

[Microbiological aspects in the treatment planning of periodontal disease]. / Microbiologie bij de behandeling van ernstige parodontitis.

A large number of bacterial species are found in the periodontal pocket. It has been shown that the composition of the subgingival microbiota can differ significantly between individual pockets in one patient, as well as between different subjects. These different types of microfloras can be characterized by indicator bacteria. These indicator bacteria are strongly associated with active periodontal breakdown. Therefore, these microorganisms can be useful in the periodontal treatment of individual patients. It also supports the use of antibiotics in specific forms of periodontal disease. The application of microbiological data in diagnosis and treatment planning in four severe periodontitis patients is illustrated.

Early colonization of dental implants by putative periodontal pathogens in partially edentulous patients.

There is limited scientific information available on the early colonization of the peri-implant pockets in partially edentulous individuals. Knowledge about this process is one step in better understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of peri-implantitis. In this study, the early colonization of the peri-implant pockets by putative periodontal pathogens was studied in 20 partially edentulous individuals using anaerobic culture techniques. At baseline, the presence and levels of putative periodontal pathogens in the microflora of periodontal pockets and saliva were established. Immediately after loading of the titanium implants and after 6 and 12 months the presence and levels of selected putative periodontal pathogens were determined in periodontal and peri-implant pockets. A second aim was to detect bacterial contamination of the implant site and the inside of the implant. At baseline, the most frequently isolated species from the periodontal pockets were Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Peptostreptococcus micros. Bacteroides forsythus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were isolated from 9, 2 and 3 patients respectively. Six months after placing of the bridges, the majority of the implant sites had detectable levels of most periodontal bacterial species with the exception of A. actinomycetemcomitans which could not be isolated from any of the peri-implant samples during the experimental period, although 2 patients had this organism at baseline. In 2 patients with detectable subgingival P. gingivalis at baseline this species was found after 12 months in the peri-implant sites. One of these patients lost 2 implants which was associated with a high proportion of P. gingivalis in the peri-implant pockets. A second patient developed 2 fistulas around 2 implants at 8 months and this event was also associated with the presence of P. gingivalis. It is concluded that proper periodontal infection control before installment of dental implants in partially edentulous patients may prevent early bacterial complications.

The role of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in periodontal disease.

The different forms of periodontitis are all associated with a distinct bacterial flora. However, a clear relationship is described between localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Eleven LJP patients all harboured A. actinomycetemcomitans. The arrest of LJP is often impossible, due to the inability to eliminate A. actinomycetemcomitans. Therefore, antibiotic treatment was introduced in combination with the initial treatment. We studied the effect of periodontal treatment on the microflora and clinical status of periodontal disease patients using different therapies. Group 3 attained the best results (initial treatment and a combination metronidazole and amoxicillin), the group to eliminate A. actinomycetemcomitans effectively.

Occurrence of Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in severe periodontitis in relation to age and treatment history.

A total of 242 subjects including 138 untreated severe periodontitis patients and 104 patients with refractory periodontal disease, previously treated for severe periodontitis, were examined for the occurrence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gingivalis and Bacteroides intermedius. Pooled subgingival samples of representative periodontal lesions were used for anaerobic cultivation on blood agar and for the enumeration of A. actinomycetemcomitans on selective TSBV medium. 97% of the untreated patients were infected with one or more of the test micro-organisms. In this patient group, the occurrence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. gingivalis and B. intermedius was 54%, 48% and 63%, respectively. The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans positive patients appeared to be age related and decreased with increasing age. Likewise, the number of patients solely infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans decreased with increasing age. The prevalence of B. gingivalis infected patients appeared to increase with increasing age. These phenomena were not observed in the refractory periodontitis patients. The occurrence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. gingivalis and B. intermedius in the refractory periodontitis group was 55%, 27% and 59%, respectively. A statistical significant difference in the prevalence of B. gingivalis was found between the untreated and the refractory periodontitis patients. In both patient groups, the relative proportion of A. actinomycetemcomitans was significantly higher in subjects with this bacterium as the sole indicator micro-organism than in patients who, besides being infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans, were also infected with black-pigmented Bacteroides species. Furthermore, in comparison with untreated patients, unsuccessfully treated patients solely infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans had on average a lower number but also a higher mean % of this bacterium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Metronidazole plus amoxycillin in the treatment of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans associated periodontitis.

The potential use of an adjunctive therapy of metronidazole plus amoxycillin for the subgingival elimination of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in periodontitis patients was investigated. 22 patients participated in this study, 11 with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) and 11 with rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP). 14 patients had received periodontal treatment in the past. All patients were subgingivally infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans. After mechanical subgingival debridement in combination with the antibiotic treatment, elimination of A. actinomycetemcomitans was achieved in all patients but one. With this one exception, clinical improvements were observed in all patients, resulting in reduced pocket probing depths as well as in a significant reduction in bleeding on probing. Re-examination of 16 patients after 9-11 months revealed that A. actinomycetemcomitans was still undetectable and further clinical improvement was observed. It was concluded that the combination of metronidazole plus amoxycillin is a valuable adjunct to mechanical therapy in A. actinomycetemcomitans associated periodontal infections.