RESUMO
Engineered crystallizable fragment (Fc) regions of antibody domains, which assume a unique and unprecedented asymmetric structure within the homodimeric Fc polypeptide, enable completely selective binding to the complement component C1q and activation of complement via the classical pathway without any concomitant engagement of the Fcγ receptor (FcγR). We used the engineered Fc domains to demonstrate in vitro and in mouse models that for therapeutic antibodies, complement-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CDCC) and complement-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (CDCP) by immunological effector molecules mediated the clearance of target cells with kinetics and efficacy comparable to those of the FcγR-dependent effector functions that are much better studied, while they circumvented certain adverse reactions associated with FcγR engagement. Collectively, our data highlight the importance of CDCC and CDCP in monoclonal-antibody function and provide an experimental approach for delineating the effect of complement-dependent effector-cell engagement in various therapeutic settings.
Assuntos
Complemento C1q/imunologia , Citotoxicidade Imunológica/imunologia , Fragmentos Fc das Imunoglobulinas/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Imunoterapia , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Fagocitose/imunologia , Receptores de IgG/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Linfoma de Burkitt/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma de Burkitt/imunologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cromatografia em Gel , Cromatografia Líquida , Complemento C1q/metabolismo , Cristalização , Cristalografia por Raios X , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Humanos , Fragmentos Fc das Imunoglobulinas/metabolismo , Imunoglobulina G/metabolismo , Técnicas In Vitro , Linfoma de Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma de Células B/imunologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/imunologia , Espectrometria de Massas , Camundongos , Neoplasias/imunologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/imunologia , Receptores de IgG/metabolismo , Ressonância de Plasmônio de Superfície , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
IgG is the predominant antibody class generated during infections and used for the generation of therapeutic antibodies. Antibodies are mainly characterized in or generated from animal models that support particular infections, respond to particular antigens or allow the generation of hybridomas. Due to the availability of numerous transgenic mouse models and the ease of performing bioassays with human blood cells in vitro, most antibodies from species other than mice and humans are tested in vitro using human cells and/or in vivo using mice. In this process, it is expected, but not yet systematically documented, that IgG from these species interact with human or mouse IgG receptors (FcγRs). In this study, we undertook a systematic assessment of binding specificities of IgG from various species to the families of mouse and human FcγRs including their polymorphic variants. Our results document the specific binding patterns for each of these IgG (sub)classes, reveal possible caveats of antibody-based immunoassays, and will be a useful reference for the transition from one animal model to preclinical mouse models or human cell-based bioassays.
Assuntos
Imunoglobulina G , Receptores de IgG , Animais , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Humanos , Hibridomas , Camundongos , Camundongos TransgênicosRESUMO
Omalizumab is an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody (mAb) approved for the treatment of severe asthma and chronic spontaneous urticaria. Use of omalizumab is associated with reported side effects ranging from local skin inflammation at the injection site to systemic anaphylaxis. To date, the mechanisms through which omalizumab induces adverse reactions are still unknown. Here, we demonstrated that immune complexes formed between omalizumab and IgE can induce both skin inflammation and anaphylaxis through engagement of IgG receptors (FcγRs) in FcγR-humanized mice. We further developed an Fc-engineered mutant version of omalizumab, and demonstrated that this mAb is equally potent as omalizumab at blocking IgE-mediated allergic reactions, but does not induce FcγR-dependent adverse reactions. Overall, our data indicate that omalizumab can induce skin inflammation and anaphylaxis by engaging FcγRs, and demonstrate that Fc-engineered versions of the mAb could be used to reduce such adverse reactions.