The incidence of NOS3 gene polymorphisms on newborns with large and small birth weight.

The NOS3 gene polymorphisms T-786C, G894T and VNTR 4b/a are associated with a predisposition to the development of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). The NOS3 gene contributes to a normal pregnancy and fetal development. According to their birthweight, newborns can be classified as: small (SGA), adequate (AGA) or large (LGA) for gestational age. The SGA and LGA present a higher risk of developing disorders related to MetS, both during childhood and adulthood. Therefore, the aim of this work is to relate the incidence of G894T, T-786C and VNTR 4b/a on SGA and LGA newborns and their mothers. 204 blood samples were collected from mothers (102) and the umbilical cords of 102 newborns (SGA = 12; AGA = 47; LGA = 43). The genotyping was performed through PCR-RFLP to evaluate presence of the G894T, T-786C and VNTR 4b/a polymorphisms. A significant difference was found between the groups of newborns in the genotypic frequency of T-786C, but without Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The VNTR 4b/a and the G894T polymorphisms showed no significance between the groups. The haplotype analysis showed that the SGA newborns presented the higher frequency of 4aGT (9.8%) and of the 4aTT combination (25.4%), while LGA newborns presented the higher frequency of the 4bTT haplotype (23%). Only the SGA newborns and their mothers presented the 4aTC haplotype. In conclusion, the NOS3 polymorphisms do not appear to be a factor to inadequate birth weight. However, the G894T and VNTR 4b/a polymorphisms, and the haplotype 4aTC, seem to influence the occurrence of SGA.

HPV and precancerous lesions of anal canal in women: systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: The infection caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) in the anogenital area is considered the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. Although anal cancer is relatively uncommon in the general population, there has been a significant increase in incidence in recent years. In this review, we focused on research on anal lesions in women. METHOD: Research on HPV and precancerous lesions of the anal canal was examined by a systematic literature review in the Cochrane Centre of Brazil, where 1,734 publications were identified in the databases Scielo Brazil, Pubmed, Lilac, Medline, and Old Medline, for the period 1966 to 2010. We selected two papers, published in 1994 and 2009, based on the inclusion-exclusion criteria. RESULTS: The first paper refers to the study of the anal canal in HIV-negative women with previous genital pathology and its relationship to the presence of HPV, and the other compares two groups of women who are HIV+ and HIV- and its relationship with anal disease and HPV. CONCLUSION: The existence of previous genital neoplasia associated with HPV promotes the development of anal lesions, especially in younger patients, and a poor immune status contributes to the appearance of this pathologic finding.