First report from the European registry for anomalous aortic origin of coronary artery (EURO-AAOCA).

OBJECTIVES: Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) is a group of rare congenital heart defects with various clinical presentations. The lifetime-risk of an individual living with AAOCA is unknown, and data from multicentre registries are urgently needed to adapt current recommendations and guide optimal patient management. The European AAOCA Registry (EURO-AAOCA) aims to assess differences with regard to AAOCA management between centres. METHODS: EURO-AAOCA is a prospective, multicentre registry including 13 European centres. Herein, we evaluated differences in clinical presentations and management, treatment decisions and surgical outcomes across centres from January 2019 to June 2023. RESULTS: A total of 262 AAOCA patients were included, with a median age of 33 years (12-53) with a bimodal distribution. One hundred thirty-nine (53.1%) were symptomatic, whereas chest pain (n = 74, 53.2%) was the most common complaint, followed by syncope (n = 21, 15.1%). Seven (5%) patients presented with a myocardial infarction, 2 (1.4%) with aborted sudden cardiac death. Right-AAOCA was most frequent (150, 57.5%), followed by left-AAOCA in 51 (19.5%), and circumflex AAOCA in 20 (7.7%). There were significant differences regarding diagnostics between age groups and across centres. Seventy-four (28.2%) patients underwent surgery with no operative deaths; minor postoperative complications occurred in 10 (3.8%) cases. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, no uniform agreement exists among European centres with regard to diagnostic protocols and clinical management for AAOCA variants. Although surgery is a safe procedure in AAOCA, future longitudinal outcome data will hopefully shed light on how to best decide towards optimal selection of patients undergoing revascularization versus conservative treatment.

Subaortic stenosis surgical correction after previous substernum coloesophagoplasty.

Alternate approaches for aortic valve procedures are rare but occasionally used in cardiac surgery because of previous mediastinum radiotherapy or other procedures that preclude median sternotomy. We present one case of right lateral thoracotomy for membrane subaortic stenosis resection in a child with a restrosternal gastric tube.

[Neurological changes and outcomes of paediatric surgery of the aortic arch using selective cerebral perfusion]. / Evolución neurológica y resultados de la cirugía pediátrica del arco aórtico mediante perfusión cerebral selectiva.

INTRODUCTION: The aims of this article are to analyse the neuropsychological changes in the medium-term in children subjected to aortic arch surgery using selective cerebral perfusion (SCP), as well as to detect any modifiable factors in the surgical technique that may contribute to minimising the subsequent neurological involvement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Inclusion criteria were established as: aortic arch disease operated on using SCP during the first year of life, between 10 August 2004 and 24 May 2016, biventricular physiology, and gestational age greater than 31 weeks. In the absence of a chromosomal disease, they were classified, from a neurological point of view, using the Rankin score. Children over 4-years of age were subjected to intelligence studies, including attention level, development, and psycho-lingual skills. RESULTS: The study included a total of 82 patients with a mean age of 1.8 months. The mean SCP flow was 32ml/kg/min. The mean time of SCP was 31minutes. The overall mortality of the series was 14.8%. Neurological dysfunction was observed in 35.9% of patients, and the following were detected as risk factors: surgery in patients less than 10-days-old, duration of SCP greater than 40minutes, and the time required for the cooling down and/or warming-up. Attention deficit was diagnosed in 35.2% of patients greater than 5-years-old. CONCLUSIONS: Patients operated on using SCP in in the first year of life required a neuropsychological follow-up, and there are modifiable surgical factors that may have an influence on neurological development.

Evolución neurológica y resultados de la cirugía pediátrica del arco aórtico mediante perfusión cerebral selectiva / Neurological changes and outcomes of paediatric surgery of the aortic arch using selective cerebral perfusion

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los objetivos son analizar las alteraciones neuropsicológicas a medio plazo de los niños intervenidos del arco aórtico mediante perfusión cerebral selectiva (PCS) y detectar posibles factores modificables en la técnica quirúrgica que pueden ayudar a minimizar la afectación neurológica posterior. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se establecieron como criterios de inclusión: patología del arco aórtico intervenida mediante PCS durante el primer año de vida, entre el 10 de agosto del 2004 y el 24 de mayo del 2016, fisiología biventricular y edad gestacional mayor de 31 semanas. En ausencia de cromosomopatía, se clasificaron desde el punto de vista neurológico siguiendo el modified Rankin score. En mayores de 4 años se realizaron estudios de inteligencia, nivel de atención, maduración y aptitudes psicolingüísticas. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron ochenta y dos pacientes, cuya edad media en el momento de la cirugía fue de 1,8 meses. El flujo medio en PCS fue de 32 ml/kg/min. El tiempo medio de PCS fue de 31 min. La mortalidad global de la serie fue del 14,8%. Con disfunción neurológica se observaron un 35,9% y se detectaron como factores de riesgo: cirugía en menores de 10 días de edad, duración de PCS mayor de 40 min y la duración del enfriamiento o calentamiento. Un 35,2% de los pacientes mayor de 5 años fueron diagnosticados de déficit de atención. CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes intervenidos en el primer año de vida con PCS precisan un seguimiento neuropsicológico y hay factores modificables quirúrgicos que pueden influir en el desarrollo neurológico

INTRODUCTION: The aims of this article are to analyse the neuropsychological changes in the medium-term in children subjected to aortic arch surgery using selective cerebral perfusion (SCP), as well as to detect any modifiable factors in the surgical technique that may contribute to minimising the subsequent neurological involvement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Inclusion criteria were established as: aortic arch disease operated on using SCP during the first year of life, between 10 August 2004 and 24 May 2016, biventricular physiology, and gestational age greater than 31 weeks. In the absence of a chromosomal disease, they were classified, from a neurological point of view, using the Rankin score. Children over 4-years of age were subjected to intelligence studies, including attention level, development, and psycho-lingual skills. RESULTS: The study included a total of 82 patients with a mean age of 1.8 months. The mean SCP flow was 32 ml/kg/min. The mean time of SCP was 31 minutes. The overall mortality of the series was 14.8%. Neurological dysfunction was observed in 35.9% of patients, and the following were detected as risk factors: surgery in patients less than 10-days-old, duration of SCP greater than 40minutes, and the time required for the cooling down and/or warming-up. Attention deficit was diagnosed in 35.2% of patients greater than 5-years-old. CONCLUSIONS: Patients operated on using SCP in in the first year of life required a neuropsychological follow-up, and there are modifiable surgical factors that may have an influence on neurological development

Chimney technique for mitral valve replacement in children.

Severe mitral stenosis is unusual in children, but it represents an important challenge for surgeons because of the scarcity of solutions. Several mitral percutaneous and surgical valvuloplasties are performed repetitively to delay mitral valve replacement. Most of the time these procedures show discouraging results. When mitral valve replacement is performed, the annulus may not be large enough to fit a substitute. We present, to our best knowledge, a new technique to implant a large prosthesis in a small annulus without negatively affecting the opening of the leaflets.

Decreased pre-surgical CD34+/CD144+ cell number in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting compared to coronary artery disease-free valvular patients.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease has been linked to endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) depletion and functional impairment in atherosclerosis and aortic stenosis. EPCs may play a pivotal role in vascular grafting. However, the EPC depletion in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients has not been compared to coronary artery disease-free valvular replacement patients with aortic stenosis. METHODS: We aimed to assess the basal number of CD34+/KDR+ and CD34+/CD144+ cells in CABG patients, compared to aortic stenosis valvular replacement patients. 100 patients (51 CABG and 49 valvular surgery ones) were included in the present study. All CABG or valvular patients had angiographic demonstration of the presence or the absence of coronary artery disease, respectively. Numbers of CD34+/KDR+ and CD34+/CD144+ were assessed by flow cytometry of pre-surgical blood samples. RESULTS: We found a lower number of CD34+/CD144+ cells in CABG patients compared to valvular patients (0.21 ± 0.03% vs. 0.47 ± 0.08%), and this difference remained statistically significant after the P was adjusted for multiple comparisons (P = 0.01428). Both groups had more EPCs than healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-surgical CD34+/CD144+ numbers are decreased in CABG patients, compared to valvular patients with absence of coronary disease.

Clinical outcomes with off-pump coronary surgery after angioplasty with stent.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The aim was to determine whether prior coronary stent implantation affects postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: Between January 2005 and April 2008, a retrospective analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of prior coronary stent implantation in patients undergoing off-pump coronary surgery on the incidence of major cardiovascular events in the postoperative period (i.e. at 30 days or during postoperative hospitalization). RESULTS: In total, 796 consecutive patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Of these, 116 (14.6%) had a coronary stent at the time of surgery. Patients with and without stents had similar levels of risk (i.e. EuroSCORE). Multivariate analysis, adjusted for the presence of confounding variables (i.e. preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction <40%, critical preoperative state, age, history of cerebrovascular accident, recent acute myocardial infarction, number of diseased coronary vessels, incomplete revascularization and on-pump conversion), showed that the presence of a stent was significantly associated with increased risks of postoperative myocardial infarction (relative risk [RR]=3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.75-5.96), in-hospital cardiac mortality (RR=4.62; 95% CI, 1.76-12.11) and in-hospital all-cause mortality (RR=3.65; 95% CI, 1.60-8.34). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, coronary artery stent implantation prior to coronary surgery was associated with increased risks of postoperative myocardial infarction, cardiac mortality and all-cause mortality in the postoperative period.

Resultados de la cirugía coronaria sin circulación extracopórea tras angioplastia con stent / Clinical outcomes with off-pump coronary surgery after angioplasty with stent

Introducción y objetivos. Evaluar el impacto de la implantación de stents coronarios previa a la cirugía de revascularización miocárdica en los resultados postoperatorios de ésta. Métodos. Desde enero de 2005 hasta abril de 2008, se evaluó retrospectivamente el impacto de la implantación de stents coronarios previa a la cirugía coronaria sin circulación extracorpórea en la incidencia de eventos cardiovasculares mayores en el postoperatorio (30 días o ingreso hospitalario postoperatorios). Resultados. Se sometió a 796 pacientes consecutivos a revascularización miocárdica quirúrgica; 116 (14,6%) portaban algún stent coronario en el momento de la cirugía. Los grupos con stent y sin stent tenían un perfil de riesgo similar (EuroSCORE). En el análisis multivariable, ajustando el riesgo por las variables de confusión detectadas (fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo preoperatoria < 40%, estado crítico preoperatorio, edad, antecedentes de accidente cerebrovascular agudo, infarto miocárdico agudo previo reciente, número de vasos coronarios enfermos, revascularización quirúrgica incompleta y conversión a circulación extracorpórea) se detectó que el ser portador de stent se asociaba de forma significativa a un mayor riesgo de infarto miocárdico postoperatorio (RR = 3,13; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 1,75-5,96), mortalidad cardiaca hospitalaria (RR = 4,62; IC del 95%, 1,76-12,11) y mortalidad hospitalaria por todas las causas (RR = 3,65; IC del 95%, 1,6-8,34). Conclusiones. En nuestra experiencia, la implantación previa de stents coronarios se asocia a un mayor riesgo de infarto miocárdico y mortalidad cardiaca y por todas las causas en el postoperatorio de la cirugía coronaria (AU)

Introduction and Objectives. The aim was to determine whether prior coronary stent implantation affects postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods. Between January 2005 and April 2008, a retrospective analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of prior coronary stent implantation in patients undergoing off-pump coronary surgery on the incidence of major cardiovascular events in the postoperative period (ie, at 30 days or during postoperative hospitalization). Results. In total, 796 consecutive patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Of these, 116 (14.6%) had a coronary stent at the time of surgery. Patients with and without stents had similar levels of risk (ie, EuroSCORE). Multivariate analysis, adjusted for the presence of confounding variables (ie, preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction <40 critical preoperative state age history of cerebrovascular accident recent acute myocardial infarction number diseased coronary vessels incomplete revascularization and on-pump conversion showed that the presence a stent was significantly associated with increased risks postoperative relative risk rr="3.65;" 95 confidence interval ci 1 75-5 96 in-hospital cardiac mortality 76-12 11 all-cause 60-8 34 conclusions in our experience artery implantation prior to surgery period inhospital (AU)