Papillary cystadenoma of epididymis: component of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.

A case of epididymal cystadenoma, thought to be a component of the von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, is presented. The syndrome is reviewed, and the importance of long-term urologic follow-up for possible presentation of renal cell carcinoma is discussed.

Specific red cell adherence test applied to tumors of ureter and renal pelvis.

The specific red cell adherence (SRCA) test used previously as a prognostic indicator of bladder tumors was used in a retrospective review of 14 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter and renal pelvis. SRCA-positive individuals appear to have better survival and progress less frequently to metastatic disease. Of five patients with positive reactions, none had distant metastases. Conversely, in SRCA-negative individuals metastatic disease developed more frequently (4 of 9). The SRCA test can be as useful a test of the prognosis of ureteral and renal pelvis tumors as it is of urinary bladder tumors.

Evaluation of erectile dysfunction by dynamic infusion cavernosometry and cavernosography (DICC). Multi-institutional study.

In a cooperative, private practice, multi-institutional impotence study, dynamic infusion cavernosometry and cavernosography (DICC) was performed on 743 patients to make an accurate diagnosis and/or identify candidates for penile revascularization. Maximum equilibrium intracorporeal pressure achieved following papaverine and phentolamine injection (Phase I) averaged 29.42 +/- 0.76 mm Hg, approximately one third of normal erection pressure. Corporeal pressure fall from 150 mm Hg over thirty seconds (cavernosometry) averaged 82.38 +/- 1.33 mm Hg (Phase II). The gradient between systolic and cavernosal artery pressure averaged 42.84 +/- 1.12 mm Hg on the right and 43.33 +/- 1.13 mm Hg on the left (Phase III). Cavernosography at 90 mm Hg erection pressure was performed in Phase IV. Of the 124 patients from one center who were reviewed in greater detail, pure cavernosal artery insufficiency (CAI) was found in 25 (20.2%), corporeal veno-occlusive dysfunction (CVOD) in 26 (21.0%), and 73 patients (58.9%) demonstrated combined CAI and CVOD. Diabetics (n = 69) achieved lower equilibrium intracorporeal pressures than nondiabetics, had similar CVOD, and worse CAI. Smokers (n = 365) and patients with Peyronie's disease (n = 32) had erectile dysfunction similar to those without these conditions. Patients impotent after trauma (n = 124) were younger, achieved higher intracorporeal pressures, and showed better corporeal veno-occlusive function than those without trauma. Complications of DICC were minimal and infrequent. After DICC, 169 patients underwent internal pudendal arteriography, 105 had arterial bypass surgery with or without penile venous ligation procedures, and 45 had venous surgery alone. Dynamic infusion cavernosometry and cavernosography is a useful erectile function study to evaluate impotence and can be performed easily in a private practice setting.

Motion sickness susceptibility to optokinetic rotation correlates to past history of motion sickness.

PURPOSE: This study investigated correlations between motion sickness susceptibility to a rotating optokinetic drum and past history of motion sickness. METHOD: There were 49 subjects who filled out a questionnaire on motion sickness history (MSH) who participated in the experiment. Each subject sat in an optokinetic drum for a 12-min baseline and a 12-min drum rotation period. Subjects' motion sickness symptoms (MSS) and electrogastrograms (EGG's) were measured. RESULTS: There were significant correlations between MSH scores and MSS scores during drum rotation (r = 0.5392, p < 0.001), and between MSH scores and EGG 4-9 cycles per minute (cpm) spectral intensity ratios between drum rotation and baseline periods (r = 0.5320, p < 0.001). Further analysis indicated that the mean MSS scores during the drum rotation period were 11.50 for the top 33% MSH scorers, 4.18 for the middle 34% MSH scorers, and 3.63 for the bottom 33% MSH scorers. The mean EGG 4-9 cpm spectral intensity ratios between drum rotation and baseline periods were 2.62 for the top 33% MSH scorers, 1.44 for the middle 34% MSH scorers, and 1.21 for the bottom 33% MSH scorers. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that past history of motion sickness correlates with severity of motion sickness provoked by optokinetic rotation.

Effects of spatial frequency of a vertically striped rotating drum on vection-induced motion sickness.

PURPOSE: The present study investigated the effects of differential spatial frequencies of a vertically striped, horizontally rotating drum on the observer's frequency of eye nystagmus, perceived velocity of self-motion, and symptoms of motion sickness. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, each of 10 subjects viewed 1 min of an optokinetic rotating drum at the speed of 10 rpm covered with 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 pairs of black and white stripes, presented in counterbalanced order. The results indicated that subjects perceived significantly stronger circular vection (p < 0.05) and generated significantly higher frequencies of eye nystagmus (p < 0.05) when they were viewing 24 pairs of black and white stripes than when they were viewing any of the other combinations of 6, 12, 48, or 96 black and white stripes. In Experiment 2, 100 highly susceptible subjects viewed 16 min of an optokinetic rotating drum covered with one of the five different numbers of black and white stripe pairs: 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96. The results indicated that subjects in the group viewing 24 moving contrasts perceived significantly stronger circular vection (p < 0.001), reported significantly more severe symptoms of motion sickness (p < 0.001), and showed significantly greater ratios of EGG 4-9 cycles per minute spectral intensity between drum rotation and baseline periods (p < 0.004) than those in the groups of viewing 6, or 96 moving contrasts. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that the severity of vection-induced motion sickness is affected by differential spatial frequencies of the stripes of the rotating drum and may be affected by number of horizontal eye movements.

Self-concept and motor performance of children with learning disabilities.

Students with learning disabilities (11 girls and 16 boys ranging from 11 to 14 years of age) tested with Harter's Self-perception Profile scored relatively high on Global Self-worth but scored significantly lower than the standardization group on the Scholastic Competence and Behavioral Conduct subscales. Boys scored significantly higher than girls on the motor proficiency test and on the Athletic Competence subscale of the Self-perception Profile.

Effect of including parents in a school-based exercise and nutrition program for children.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of parental involvement in a school-based program about exercise and nutrition. One fifth grade and one sixth grade class were randomly assigned to each of the three different treatment conditions, a school-and-home condition (n = 45), a school-only condition (n = 43), and a control condition (n = 44). In the school-and-home condition, the children's parents were also asked to participate in nutritional and exercise activities at home as a family "home team." A multivariate analysis of variance on change scores was completed on the following variables: height, weight, skinfold, sit-and-reach, sit-ups, mile run, exercise knowledge, saturated fat, cholesterol, percent calories from fat, percent calories from carbohydrates, and nutrition knowledge. There was a significant difference among groups. The school-and-home and school-only groups showed significantly greater improvement than the control group but were not significantly different from each other. Univariate analyses on posttest scores indicated that the school-and-home children scored significantly higher than the control group on sit-and-reach flexibility and nutrition knowledge. The results indicate that including the family was primarily effective in facilitating children's improvements in flexibility and nutrition knowledge rather than in diet and exercise behaviors.

Urothelial hyperplasia and neoplasia: a response to chronic urinary tract infections in rats.

The rat was used as an animal model to examine the effect of foreign bodies and long term infection (24 weeks) on bladder epithelium. Stainless steel wire implants and multiple injections of Escherichia coli were compared to control rat bladders by gross observation, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Hyperplastic alterations, (papilloma, von Brunn's nests), dysplasia (squamous metaplasia, microvilli) and early lesions consistent with neoplasia occurred in rats with bladder implants and multiple bacterial injections but not in controls. Epithelial changes were not associated with sterile bladder implants. Bladder papillomata could be observed as early as 2 weeks in rats having both an implant and an infection, but the majority of hyperplastic and early neoplastic-like changes occurred after 6 weeks. Long-term infections, both with and without a bladder implant, can lead to lesions consistent with neoplasia in bladder epithelium.

Urothelial hyperplasia and neoplasia. II. Detection of nitrosamines and interferon in chronic urinary tract infections in rats.

In rats with chronic urinary tract infections, urine and blood were examined for two classes of compounds (nitrosamines and interferon) which may lead to the development of urothelial hyperplasia and neoplasia. In vitro, Escherichia coli, a Proteus species or a mixture of both were able to induce high levels of interferon which theoretically could reduce the host's cellular immune surveillance. These high levels were not detected in vivo in either short-term (5 hr. to 2 wk.) or long-term (2 wk. to 24 wk.) infected rats. In contrast, N, N dimethylnitrosamine was detected in the majority (greater than or equal to 50 per cent) of long term infected rats after 12 wk. although individual rats showed detectable levels as early as 2 wk. post infection. Sterile human or rat urine supported bacterial growth and subsequent production of N, N dimethylnitrosamine, but only after 16 wk. of subculturing in vitro. Gas chromatography was able to detect small amounts of nitrosamines extracted from urine. The mass spectrometer yielded quantitatively and qualitatively better detection. With long term infections, the appearance of a potential carcinogen, N, N dimethylnitrosamine, occurs in vivo and in vitro and correlates with previous findings that describe the development of hyperplastic and early neoplastic changes in the rat urothelium.