ANNaMo: Coarse-grained modeling for folding and assembly of RNA and DNA systems.

The folding of RNA and DNA strands plays crucial roles in biological systems and bionanotechnology. However, studying these processes with high-resolution numerical models is beyond current computational capabilities due to the timescales and system sizes involved. In this article, we present a new coarse-grained model for investigating the folding dynamics of nucleic acids. Our model represents three nucleotides with a patchy particle and is parameterized using well-established nearest-neighbor models. Thanks to the reduction of degrees of freedom and to a bond-swapping mechanism, our model allows for simulations at timescales and length scales that are currently inaccessible to more detailed models. To validate the performance of our model, we conducted extensive simulations of various systems: We examined the thermodynamics of DNA hairpins, capturing their stability and structural transitions, the folding of an MMTV pseudoknot, which is a complex RNA structure involved in viral replication, and also explored the folding of an RNA tile containing a k-type pseudoknot. Finally, we evaluated the performance of the new model in reproducing the melting temperatures of oligomers and the dependence on the toehold length of the displacement rate in toehold-mediated displacement processes, a key reaction used in molecular computing. All in all, the successful reproduction of experimental data and favorable comparisons with existing coarse-grained models validate the effectiveness of the new model.

Antifungal activity of Annona crassiflora Mart. dichloromethane fraction against strains of C. albicans.

Products derived from medicinal plants with antimicrobial activity are considered a promising alternative in the treatment of fungal infections. In this perspective, this study proposed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the dichloromethane fraction of Annona crassiflora Mart. against C. albicans strains. Tests were carried out to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC), microbial growth kinetics, fungal cell wall and membrane mechanisms of action, antifungal biofilm activity, and cytotoxic effects on human erythrocytes. The extract presented MIC and MFC values that ranged from 256 µg/mL to 1,024 µg/mL, with fungicidal activity in the microbial growth kinetics assay. The mechanism of action did not occur through damage to the cell wall or via binding to ergosterol in the membrane, though the fraction presents activity against biofilm and is not cytotoxic in human erythrocytes. The dichloromethane fraction of Annona crassiflora Mart. presented antifungal activity and reduced biofilm growth, without toxicity against human erythrocytes; however, further studies are needed to define its mechanism of action.

Antifungal activity of 2-chloro-N-phenylacetamide: a new molecule with fungicidal and antibiofilm activity against fluconazole-resistant Candida spp / Atividade antifúngica de 2-cloro-N-fenilacetamida: uma nova molécula com atividade fungicida e anti-biofilme contra Candida spp. resistentes a fluconazol

In the current context of emerging drug-resistant fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis, discovery of new antifungal agents is an urgent matter. This research aimed to evaluate the antifungal potential of 2-chloro-N-phenylacetamide against fluconazole-resistant clinical strains of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis. The antifungal activity of 2-chloro-N-phenylacetamide was evaluated in vitro by the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), inhibition of biofilm formation and its rupture, sorbitol and ergosterol assays, and association between this molecule and common antifungal drugs, amphotericin B and fluconazole. The test product inhibited all strains of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis, with a MIC ranging from 128 to 256 µg.mL-1, and a MFC of 512-1,024 µg.mL-1. It also inhibited up to 92% of biofilm formation and rupture of up to 87% of preformed biofilm. 2-chloro-N-phenylacetamide did not promote antifungal activity through binding to cellular membrane ergosterol nor it damages the fungal cell wall. Antagonism was observed when combining this substance with amphotericin B and fluconazole. The substance exhibited significant antifungal activity by inhibiting both planktonic cells and biofilm of fluconazole-resistant strains. Its combination with other antifungals should be avoided and its mechanism of action remains to be established.

No atual contexto de patógenos fúngicos resistentes emergentes tais como Candida albicans e Candida parapsilosis, a descoberta de novos agentes antifúngicos é uma questão urgente. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial antifúngico da 2-cloro-N-fenilacetamida contra cepas clínicas de C. albicans e C. parapsilosis resistentes a fluconazol. A atividade antifúngica da substância foi avaliada in vitro através da determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM), concentração fungicida mínima (CFM), ruptura e inibição da formação de biofilme, ensaios de sorbitol e ergosterol, e associação entre esta molécula e antifúngicos comuns, anfotericina B e fluconazol. O produto teste inibiu todas as cepas de C. albicans e C. parapsilosis, com uma CIM variando de 128 a 256 µg.mL-1, e uma CFM de 512-1,024 µg.mL-1. Também inibiu até 92% da formação de biofilme e causou a ruptura de até 87% de biofilme pré-formado. A 2-cloro-N-fenilacetamida não promoveu atividade antifúngica pela ligação ao ergosterol da membrana celular fúngica, tampouco danificou a parede celular. Antagonismo foi observado ao combinar esta substância com anfotericina B e fluconazol. A substância exibiu atividade antifúngica significativa ao inibir tanto as células planctônicas quanto o biofilme das cepas resistentes ao fluconazol. Sua combinação com outros antifúngicos deve ser evitada e seu mecanismo de ação deve ser estabelecido.

Antifungal activity of 2-chloro-N-phenylacetamide: a new molecule with fungicidal and antibiofilm activity against fluconazole-resistant Candida spp

Abstract In the current context of emerging drug-resistant fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis, discovery of new antifungal agents is an urgent matter. This research aimed to evaluate the antifungal potential of 2-chloro-N-phenylacetamide against fluconazole-resistant clinical strains of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis. The antifungal activity of 2-chloro-N-phenylacetamide was evaluated in vitro by the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), inhibition of biofilm formation and its rupture, sorbitol and ergosterol assays, and association between this molecule and common antifungal drugs, amphotericin B and fluconazole. The test product inhibited all strains of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis, with a MIC ranging from 128 to 256 µg.mL-1, and a MFC of 512-1,024 µg.mL-1. It also inhibited up to 92% of biofilm formation and rupture of up to 87% of preformed biofilm. 2-chloro-N-phenylacetamide did not promote antifungal activity through binding to cellular membrane ergosterol nor it damages the fungal cell wall. Antagonism was observed when combining this substance with amphotericin B and fluconazole. The substance exhibited significant antifungal activity by inhibiting both planktonic cells and biofilm of fluconazole-resistant strains. Its combination with other antifungals should be avoided and its mechanism of action remains to be established.

Resumo No atual contexto de patógenos fúngicos resistentes emergentes tais como Candida albicans e Candida parapsilosis, a descoberta de novos agentes antifúngicos é uma questão urgente. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial antifúngico da 2-cloro-N-fenilacetamida contra cepas clínicas de C. albicans e C. parapsilosis resistentes a fluconazol. A atividade antifúngica da substância foi avaliada in vitro através da determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM), concentração fungicida mínima (CFM), ruptura e inibição da formação de biofilme, ensaios de sorbitol e ergosterol, e associação entre esta molécula e antifúngicos comuns, anfotericina B e fluconazol. O produto teste inibiu todas as cepas de C. albicans e C. parapsilosis, com uma CIM variando de 128 a 256 µg.mL-1, e uma CFM de 512-1,024 µg.mL-1. Também inibiu até 92% da formação de biofilme e causou a ruptura de até 87% de biofilme pré-formado. A 2-cloro-N-fenilacetamida não promoveu atividade antifúngica pela ligação ao ergosterol da membrana celular fúngica, tampouco danificou a parede celular. Antagonismo foi observado ao combinar esta substância com anfotericina B e fluconazol. A substância exibiu atividade antifúngica significativa ao inibir tanto as células planctônicas quanto o biofilme das cepas resistentes ao fluconazol. Sua combinação com outros antifúngicos deve ser evitada e seu mecanismo de ação deve ser estabelecido.

El rol de la simulación en el aprendizaje de habilidades procedimentales en estudiantes de enfermería: historia y desafíos / History and challenges of clinical simulation in the learning of procedural skills by nursing students

Procedural skills are essential in the nursing profession and should be acquired during undergraduate training according to new regulations. Clinical simulation is a good alternative to teach such skills. During COVID pandemic, face-to-face learning activities were reduced to a minimum amount, thus hampering the use of clinical simulations. Since simulations should adapt to the new scenario, their virtual implementation appears as an alternative. The latter should become an important teaching tool while restrictions in mobility last. We herein review the evolution of clinical simulation as a teaching tool and to determine its future challenges.

Anabolic steroids and their effects of on neuronal density in cortical areas and hippocampus of mice / Esteroides anabolizantes e seus efeitos na densidade neuronal em áreas corticais e no hipocampo de camundongos

Abstract Anabolic substances have been increasingly used by bodybuilders and athletes with the goal of improving performance and aesthetics. However, this practice has caused some concern to physicians and researchers because of unknowledge of consequences that the indiscriminate and illicit use of these substances can cause. Thus, this study analyzed the effects of two commercially available anabolic steroids (AS), Winstrol Depot® (Stanozolol) and Deposteron® (Testosterone Cypionate), in the neuronal density of limbic, motor and sensory regions on the cerebral cortex and in CA1, CA2, CA3 regions of the hippocampus. A total of 60 Swiss mice were used (30 males and 30 females), separated into three groups: control and two experimental groups, which received the AAS. From each brain, homotypic and semi-serial samples were taken in frontal sections from areas established for the study. The results showed that females treated with testosterone cypionate presented a reduction in all regions tested and the ones treated with Stanozolol showed a decrease in some hippocampal areas. Regarding male animals, stanozolol led to a decrease in neuron number in one hippocampal region. These data allow us to conclude that supra-physiological doses of steroids used in this study, can cause considerable damage to nervous tissue with ultrastructural and consequently behavioral impairment. These changes could interfere with the loss of physical yield and performance of athletes and non-athletes and may cause irreparable damage to individuals making irresponsible use of anabolic steroids.

Resumo As substancias anabólicas tem sido cada vez mais utilizadas por fisiculturistas e atletas com o objetivo de melhorar o desempenho e a estética. No entanto, essa prática tem causado algumas preocupações aos médicos e pesquisadores, devido ao desconhecimento das consequencias que o uso indiscriminado e ilícito dessas substâncias podem causar. Diante disso, este estudo analisou os efeitos de dois esteroides anabolizantes (EA) comercialmente disponíveis, Winstrol Depot® (Stanozolol) e Deposteron® (cipionato de testosterona), na densidade neuronal das regiões corticais límbica, motora e sensitive bem como das áreas CA1, CA2, CA3 do hipocampo. Foram utilizados 60 camundongos Swiss (30 machos e 30 fêmeas), separados em três grupos: controle e dois grupos experimentais, que receberam o EA. De cada cérebro, foram coletadas amostras homotípicas e semi-seriadas em cortes frontais das áreas estabelecidas para o estudo. Os resultados mostraram que as fêmeas tratadas com cipionato de testosterona apresentaram uma redução em todas as regiões analisadas já as fêmeas tratadas com Stanozolol mostraram uma diminuição em algumas áreas do hipocampo. Em relação aos animais machos, o stanozolol levou a uma diminuição na densidade neuronal em uma região do hipocampo. Estes dados nos permitem concluir que doses supra fisiológicas de esteroides utilizadas neste estudo podem causar danos consideráveis ao tecido nervoso com comprometimento ultraestrutural e consequentemente comportamental. Essas alterações podem interferir na perda de rendimento físico e no desempenho de atletas e não atletas e podem causar danos irreparáveis a indivíduos que fazem uso irresponsável destes EA.

Telemedicina con telemonitorización en el seguimiento de pacientes con COVID-19 / Tracing of COVID-19 patients by telemedicine with telemonitoring

OBJETIVO: Evaluar si la telemedicina con telemonitorización es una herramienta clínicamente útil y segura para el seguimiento de pacientes con COVID-19. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional prospectivo de los pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 por PCR positiva y considerados de alto riesgo que se siguieron con telemedicina y telemonitorización en el Área Sanitaria de Lugo entre el 17 de marzo y el 17 de abril de 2020. Se incluyeron dos grupos de pacientes: seguimiento ambulatorio desde el inicio y tras el alta hospitalaria. Cada paciente remitió un cuestionario clínico al día con su temperatura y saturación de oxígeno 3 veces al día. El seguimiento fue proactivo contactando con todos los pacientes al menos una vez al día. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 313 pacientes (52,4% mujeres) con edad media 60,9 (DS 15,9) años. Otros 2 pacientes rehusaron entrar en el programa. Desde el inicio se siguieron ambulatoriamente 224 pacientes y 89 tras su alta hospitalaria. Entre los primeros, 38 (16,90%) se remitieron a Urgencias en 43 ocasiones con 18 (8,03%) ingresos y 2 fallecidos. En los domicilios no hubo fallecimientos ni urgencias vitales. Incluyendo a los pacientes tras hospitalización, el seguimiento se realizó en 304 casos. Un paciente reingresó (0,32%) y otro abandonó (0,32%). El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue 11,64 (SD 3,58) días y en los 30 días del estudio 224 (73,68%) pacientes fueron dados de alta. CONCLUSIONES: Nuestros datos sugieren que la telemedicina con telemonitorización domiciliaria, utilizada de forma proactiva, permite un seguimiento clínicamente útil y seguro en pacientes con COVID-19 de alto riesgo

AIM: To asses if telemedicine with telemonitoring is a clinically useful and secure tool in the tracking of patients with COVID-19. METHODS: A prospective observational study of patients with COVID-19 diagnosis by positive PCR considered high-risk tracked with telemedicine and telemonitoring was conducted in the sanitary area of Lugo between March 17th and April 17th, 2020. Two groups of patients were included: Outpatient Tracing from the beginning and after discharge. Every patient sent a daily clinical questionnaire with temperature and oxygen saturation 3 times a day. Proactive monitoring was done by getting in touch with every patient at least once a day. RESULTS: 313 patients (52.4% female) with a total average age of 60.9 (DS 15.9) years were included. Additionally, 2 patients refused to join the program. Since the beginning, 224 were traced outpatient and 89 after being discharged. Among the first category, 38 (16.90%) were referred to Emergency department on 43 occasions; 18 were hospitalized (8.03%), and 2 deceased. Neither deaths nor a matter of vital emergency occurred at home. When including patients after admissions monitoring was done in 304 cases. One patient re-entered (0.32%) to the hospital, and another one left the program (0.32%). The average time of monitoring was 11.64 (SD 3.58) days, and 224 (73.68%) patients were discharged during the 30 days of study. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that telemedicine with home telemonitoring, used proactively, allows for monitoring high-risk patients with COVID-19 in a clinically useful and secure way

Asociación entre el síndrome de May-Thurner y la presencia de sintomatología y patología lumbopélvica / Association between May-Thurner syndrome and lumbo-pelvic pathology and symptomatology

Objetivos: El síndrome de May-Thurner (SMT) se asocia clásicamente a un cuadro caracterizado por sintomatología de extremidad inferior izquierda y eventos trombóticos en mujeres jóvenes. El objetivo es analizar la asociación entre sintomatología y patología lumbopélvica y SMT, entregando una nueva arista al síndrome que podría significar alternativas preventivas y terapéuticas. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal retrospectivo entre los años 2016-2017 con pacientes diagnosticados de SMT en un grupo de apoyo de dicha patología. Se realizó un análisis estadístico demográfico con prueba t de Student y prueba Chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Se calcularon los riesgos relativos crudo y ajustado con regresión logística binaria para evaluar la relación entre SMT y sintomatología y patología lumbopélvica. Resultados: Un total de 277 pacientes (134 casos y 143 controles) fueron satisfactoriamente incluidos en el estudio. La edad promedio de los casos fue de 40 años (± 12,3), y de 36 (± 13,5) años en los controles. Ambos grupos consisten predominantemente en mujeres caucásicas. La obesidad estuvo presente en el 36,6% de los casos y en el 22,4% de los controles. El riesgo relativo crudo se calculó para determinar la asociación entre SMT y la sintomatología de la extremidad estudiada, evidenciando diferencias significativas entre los grupos para las variables de edad, peso y altura. Se calculó riesgo relativo ajustado identificando riesgo significativo de presentar sintomatología lumbopélvica, de extremidad inferior y ambas categorías juntas siendo estos de 3,02 (1,75-5,22), 11,5 (6,4-20,5) y 9,83 (5,5-17,6), respectivamente. El riesgo relativo de presentar patología lumbopélvica en contexto de SMT fue de 3,4 (1,9-6,1) Conclusión: El SMT se encuentra predominantemente en mujeres con un promedio de edad ubicado en la cuarta década de la vida. Existe una asociación significativa entre la presencia de SMT y la sintomatología de extremidad inferior y lumbopélvica, no clásicamente descrito en el síndrome. Además, el riesgo de tener una patología lumbopélvica en contexto de SMT es significativo (AU)

Objectives: May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) is classically associated with left lower limb symptomatology and thrombotic events in young women. Our objective is to assess the association between lumbo-pelvic pathology and symptomatology and MTS providing a new perspective to the syndrome in the hopes to provide preventive and therapeutic alternatives. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed between 2016-2017 with a MTS patient's support group. Statistical analysis was performed with t-Student's test, Pearson's chi-squared test to provide a socio-demographic analysis of the groups. Raw odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio with binary logistic regression were calculated to assess the risk relation between MTS and lower extremity and lumbo-pelvic symptomatology and pathology. Results: Two hundred and seventy-seven patients (134 cases and 143 controls) were successfully included in the study. Mean age of the cases group was 40 years (± 12.3), and 36 (± 13.5) years for the controls. Both groups consisted of predominantly white/Caucasian females. Obesity was present in 36.6% of cases and 22.4% of the controls. Raw OR was calculated to determine association between MTS and the studied symptomatology identifying significative differences among the groups for the clinical variables of age, weight and height. The OR was adjusted identifying significant risk of presenting lumbo-pelvic symptomatology, lower limb symptomatology and the two previous categories together, identifying risks of 3.02 (1.75-5.22), 11.5 (6.4-20.5) and 9.83 (5.5-17.6) respectively. The OR of presenting lumbo-pelvic disease in the context of MTS was 3.4 (1.9-6.4). Conclusion: MTS is predominantly found in women with a mean of age of 40 years old. There is a significant association between MTS presence and lower limb and lumbo-pelvic symptomatology, not classically associated with the syndrome description. Also, the risk of having a lumbo-pelvic disease in the context of MTS is significant (AU)

Anabolic steroids and their effects of on neuronal density in cortical areas and hippocampus of mice

Abstract Anabolic substances have been increasingly used by bodybuilders and athletes with the goal of improving performance and aesthetics. However, this practice has caused some concern to physicians and researchers because of unknowledge of consequences that the indiscriminate and illicit use of these substances can cause. Thus, this study analyzed the effects of two commercially available anabolic steroids (AS), Winstrol Depot® (Stanozolol) and Deposteron® (Testosterone Cypionate), in the neuronal density of limbic, motor and sensory regions on the cerebral cortex and in CA1, CA2, CA3 regions of the hippocampus. A total of 60 Swiss mice were used (30 males and 30 females), separated into three groups: control and two experimental groups, which received the AAS. From each brain, homotypic and semi-serial samples were taken in frontal sections from areas established for the study. The results showed that females treated with testosterone cypionate presented a reduction in all regions tested and the ones treated with Stanozolol showed a decrease in some hippocampal areas. Regarding male animals, stanozolol led to a decrease in neuron number in one hippocampal region. These data allow us to conclude that supra-physiological doses of steroids used in this study, can cause considerable damage to nervous tissue with ultrastructural and consequently behavioral impairment. These changes could interfere with the loss of physical yield and performance of athletes and non-athletes and may cause irreparable damage to individuals making irresponsible use of anabolic steroids.

Resumo As substancias anabólicas tem sido cada vez mais utilizadas por fisiculturistas e atletas com o objetivo de melhorar o desempenho e a estética. No entanto, essa prática tem causado algumas preocupações aos médicos e pesquisadores, devido ao desconhecimento das consequencias que o uso indiscriminado e ilícito dessas substâncias podem causar. Diante disso, este estudo analisou os efeitos de dois esteroides anabolizantes (EA) comercialmente disponíveis, Winstrol Depot® (Stanozolol) e Deposteron® (cipionato de testosterona), na densidade neuronal das regiões corticais límbica, motora e sensitive bem como das áreas CA1, CA2, CA3 do hipocampo. Foram utilizados 60 camundongos Swiss (30 machos e 30 fêmeas), separados em três grupos: controle e dois grupos experimentais, que receberam o EA. De cada cérebro, foram coletadas amostras homotípicas e semi-seriadas em cortes frontais das áreas estabelecidas para o estudo. Os resultados mostraram que as fêmeas tratadas com cipionato de testosterona apresentaram uma redução em todas as regiões analisadas já as fêmeas tratadas com Stanozolol mostraram uma diminuição em algumas áreas do hipocampo. Em relação aos animais machos, o stanozolol levou a uma diminuição na densidade neuronal em uma região do hipocampo. Estes dados nos permitem concluir que doses supra fisiológicas de esteroides utilizadas neste estudo podem causar danos consideráveis ao tecido nervoso com comprometimento ultraestrutural e consequentemente comportamental. Essas alterações podem interferir na perda de rendimento físico e no desempenho de atletas e não atletas e podem causar danos irreparáveis a indivíduos que fazem uso irresponsável destes EA.

Effects of ethanol consumption and alcohol detoxification on the biomechanics and morphology the bone in rat femurs / Efeitos do consumo de etanol e da desintoxicação alcóolica sobre a biomecânica e morfologia óssea em fêmur de ratos

Abstract The objective of this study was to verify the effects of ethanol consumption and alcohol detoxification on the biomechanics, area and thickness of cortical and trabecular bone in rat femur. This was an experimental study in which 18 male Wistar rats were used, with 40 days of age, weighing 179±2.5 g. The rats were divided into three groups (n=06): CT (control), AC (chronic alcoholic), DT (detoxification). After experimental procedures, the animals were euthanized by an overdose of the anesthetic and their femurs were collected for mechanical testing and histological processing. All animals did not present malnutrition or dehydration during experimentation period. Morphometric analysis of cortical and trabecular bones in rat femurs demonstrated that AC animals showed inferior dimensions and alcohol detoxification (DT) allowed an enhancement in area and thickness of cortical and trabecular bone. Material and structural properties data of AC group highlighted the harmful effects of ethanol on bone mechanical properties. The results of this study demonstrated that chronic alcoholic rats (AC) presented major bone damage in all analyzed variables. Those findings suggested that alcohol detoxification is highly suggested in pre-operative planning and this corroborates to the success of bone surgery and bone tissue repair. Thanks to the financial support offered by PROBIC – UNIFENAS.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos do consumo de etanol e da desintoxicação alcoólica sobre a biomecânica, área e espessura do osso cortical e trabecular em fêmur de ratos. Este foi um estudo experimental no qual foram utilizados 18 ratos Wistar machos, com 40 dias de vida, pesando 179±2,5 g. Os ratos foram divididos em três grupos (n=06): CT (controle), AC (alcoolista crônico), e DT (desintoxicado). Após os procedimentos experimentais os animais foram eutanaziados por uma overdose de anestésico e os fêmures coletados para os testes mecânicos e processamento histológico. Todos os animais não apresentaram desnutrição ou desidratação durante o período de experimentação. As análises morfométrica do osso cortical e trabecular demonstraram que os animais do grupo AC apresentavam dimensões inferiores, enquanto nos animais do grupo DT observou-se um aumento na área e espessura do osso cortical e trabecular. Dados dos materiais e das propriedades estruturais óssea do grupo AC destacam os efeitos nocivos do etanol sobre as propriedades mecânicas do osso. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que os ratos do grupo AC apresentaram danos significativos no osso em todas as variáveis ​​analisadas. Esses resultados sugerem que a desintoxicação alcoólica é recomendada no planejamento pré-operatório e isso corrobora para o sucesso de cirurgias e reparação no tecido ósseo. Agradecemos ao apoio financeiro oferecido pelo PROBIC – UNIFENAS.

Immunotherapy reduces CD40L expression and modifies cytokine production in the CD4 cells of pollen allergy patients

Background: Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only intervention for IgE-mediated respiratory disorders. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the immunological modifications induced by SIT in patients allergic to olive and/or grass pollen by attempting to establish an association between these modifications and clinical improvements. Methods: We studied 29 patients who were allergic to olive and/or grass pollen. Patients were randomized to 2 groups: an active treatment group, comprising 19 allergic patients who received SIT, and a control group, formed by 10 allergic patients who received pharmacological treatment for their allergic symptoms but not immunotherapy. We used flow cytometry to analyze intracellular expression of the cytokines IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-10, and TGF-β1 in CD4+ T cells, as well as expression of Foxp3, the costimulatory CTLA-4 molecule, and the non-costimulatory CD40L molecule. To assess clinical changes, patients recorded their medication consumption, symptoms, and the limitation of daily activities using diary cards and quality of life questionnaires. Results: Six months after initiation of SIT, we recorded a reduction in cell surface CD40L expression in the CD4+ T-cell population and a shift in the cytokine production profile (decrease in IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells and increase in IFN-γ, IL-10, and TGF-β1). These changes persisted after 12 months. Simultaneously, a clinical improvement was observed. Conclusions: SIT-induced clinical improvement is the result of immunological modifications such as a reduction in CD40L expression on CD4 cells and alteration in the cytokine production profile (AU)

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio es investigar las modificaciones inmunológicas inducidas por la inmunoterapia en pacientes alérgicos al polen del olivo y/o gramíneas en relación con las mejoras clínicas inducidas por el tratamiento. Métodos: Se estudiaron 29 pacientes alérgicos a polen del olivo y/o gramíneas. Los pacientes fueron divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos: 19 pacientes que recibieron tratamiento con SIT subcutánea, y 10 pacientes control sin intervención con inmunoterapia. En ambos grupos se analizaron en las células T CD4 + la expresión intracelular de las citoquinas IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-10 y TGF-β1, la expresión del factor de transcripción Foxp3, y las moléculas co-estimuladoras CTLA-4 y CD40L por citometría de flujo. Para evaluar los cambios clínicos, los pacientes registraron su consumo de medicación, los síntomas y la limitación de las actividades cotidianas en tarjetas de registro diarias y en cuestionarios de calidad de vida. Resultados: A los seis meses del establecimiento de SIT se observó en linfocitos T CD4+ una reducción en la expresión de CD40L, y un cambio en el perfil de producción de citoquinas: disminución de la producción de IL-4 y aumento para IFN-γ, IL-10, y TGF-β1. Todos estos cambios persistieron tras de 12 meses de tratamiento con inmunoterapia. Paralelamente a los cambios inmunológicos, se observó una mejoría clínica. Conclusión: La mejoría clínica inducida por la SIT está relacionada con modificaciones inmunológicas inducidas sobre células CD4, reducción en la expresión de la molécula co-estimuladora CD40L y la modificación de su perfil de producción de citoquinas (AU)

Lolium perenne pollen from a polluted city shows high allergenic potency and increased associated enterobacteriaceae counts

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Influence of very short rest period lengths on repeated one maximun repetition bench press performance / Influencia del muy corto periodo de descanso en repetidos intentos de una repetición máxima en el press de banca / Influência do período de descanso muito curto em tentativas repetidas testes de uma repetição máxima em supino horizontal

Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to compare different rest period lengths between consecutive one maximum repetition bench press attempts on performance and ratings of perceived exertion. Method: Eighteen trained men (27.95 ± 4.25 years; 81.00 ± 9.21 kg; 174.62 ± 3.34 cm; bench press relative strength 1.33 ± 0.11 kg/kg of body mass) participated in three randomly ordered sessions that required two consecutive one maximum repetition bench press attempts with 20, 40, or 60-s rest between attempts. Results: The Cochran Q analysis showed no significant differences in the ability to successfully perform a second one maximum repetition attempt with 20, 40, or 60-s rest between attempts (p = 0.882). Specifically, no significant differences were found in the successful completion of the first and second attempts for the 20-s (p = 0.317), 40-s (p = 0.083), and 60-s (p = 0.157) trials, respectively. Briefly, for both 20 and 60-s rest conditions DELTA% = 88.88% of subjects successfully performed the second attempt and, for the 40-s protocol, only DELTA% = 83.33% completed. For the pre and post-set ratings of perceived exertion, the shorter rest period (20-s) promoted significantly higher values compared to the longer rest periods (pre-set ratings of perceived exertion, p = 0.04; post-set ratings of perceived exertion, p = 0.023). Conclusions: The results of this study can be applied to recreationally trained individuals with the intent of generating a time-efficient process for conducting a valid and reliable one maximum repetition bench press assessment

Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar diferentes duraciones del periodo de descanso entre tentativas consecutivas de una repetición máxima de press de banca en el rendimiento y la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo. Método: Dieciocho hombres entrenados (27.95 ± 4.25 años; 81.00 ± 9.21 kg; 174.62 ± 3.34 cm; fuerza relativa en el press de banca de 1.33 ± 0.11 kg/kg masa corporal) participaron en tres sesiones ordenadas al azar que requerían dos intentos consecutivos de una repetición máxima en el press de banca con 20, 40 y 60 segundos de descanso entre las tentativas. Resultados: La prueba Q de Cochran no mostró diferencias significativas en la habilidad de ejecutar la segunda tentativa de una repetición máxima de modo exitoso con 20, 40 o 60 segundos de descanso entre tentativas (p = 0.882). En concreto, no se encontró ninguna diferencia significativa en la conclusión satisfactoria entre la primera y la segunda tentativa para las pruebas de 20 segundos (p = 0.317), 40 segundos (p = 0.083) y 60 segundos (p = 0.157), respectivamente. En resumen, para las condiciones de descanso de 20 y 60 segundos DELTA% = 88.88% de los sujetos realizaron satisfactoriamente el segundo intento y, para el protocolo de 40 segundos, sólo DELTA% = 83.33%. Para antes y después de la prueba de percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo, el período de descanso más corto (20 segundos) promovió valores significativamente más altos en comparación con los períodos de descanso más largos (pre-prueba de percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo, p = 0.04; postprueba de percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo, p = 0.023). Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio pueden aplicarse a individuos entrenados de forma recreativa con la intención de generar un proceso eficiente en el tiempo para la realización de una evaluación válida y fiable de una repetición máxima del press de banca

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi comparar diferentes tempos de intervalo (≤60 segundos) entre tentativas de uma repetição máxima, na execução do exercício de supino e percepção subjetiva de esforço. Métodos: Dezoito homens treinados (27.95 ± 4.25 anos; 81.00 ± 9.21 kg; 174.62 ± 3.34 cm; força relativa no supino 1.33 ± 0.11 kg/kg de massa corporal) participaram em três sessões ordenadas de forma aleatória e exigido dois séries consecutivas de supino uma repetição máxima com 20, 40, ou 60 segundos de descanso entre as tentativas. Resultados: A análise Q de Cochran não mostrou diferenças significativas na capacidade de executar com sucesso uma segunda tentativa de uma repetição máxima com 20, 40 ou 60 segundos de descanso entre as tentativas (p = 0.882). Especificamente, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na conclusão bem-sucedida entre primeira e segunda tentativas de 20 segundos (p = 0.317), de 40 segundos (p = 0.083) e 60 segundos (p = 0.157) entre os ensaios, respectivamente. Em resumo, para os 20 e 60 segundos em condições de descanso, DELTA% = 88.88% dos sujeitos realizaram com sucesso a segunda tentaiva e, para o protocolo de 40 segundos, somente DELTA% = 83.33% concluíram. Para os dados da percepção subjetiva de esforço, durante o pré e o pós-teste, o intervalo mais curto (20 segundos) promoveu valores significativamente mais elevados em comparação com longos períodos de descanso (percepção subjetiva de esforço pré-teste, p = 0.04; percepção subjetiva de esforço pós-teste, p = 0.023). Conclusões: Independente do aumento da sensação de esforço observado pela percepção subjetiva de esforço no curto intervalo (20 segundos), os indivíduos têm sido bem-sucedidos no intervalo de dois séries consecutivas de uma repetição máxima no supino para qualquer intervalo testado

Validez del Sistema de Triaje Manchester en la predicción del volumen de transportes e ingresos en un servicio de urgencias de un hospital comarcal / Validation of the Manchester Triage System for predicting a regional hospital’s emergency service hospital admissions and transfer volume

Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre el Sistema de Triaje de Manchester (STM) y los ingresos y traslados desde el servicio de urgencias (SU) y descripción de los tiempos de respuesta según niveles de triaje. Método: Estudio observacional y descriptivo unicéntrico mediante revisión de los datos anónimos disponibles en los sistemas SIHGA y ALERT del SU en el año 2010.Resultados: Cuanto más baja es la prioridad de asistencia establecida por el MTS, menores también el índice de ingreso y menor la utilización del transporte sanitario (p < 0,001).Los tiempos de pretriaje no alcanzan el estándar, los de triaje son muy uniformes y se observa variabilidad en los resultados de los tiempos de respuesta facultativa. Conclusiones: Se observa asociación entre los niveles de triaje y el tanto por ciento de ingresos y transportes, que resulta estadísticamente significativa para los niveles de mayor gravedad, especialmente en adultos (AU)

Objectives: To analyze relations between Manchester Triage System (MTS) classifications and hospital admissions and transfer volume. To describe response times according to triage level. Methods: Descriptive, observational study of a single hospital’s emergency service. Anonymous case information was extracted from the admissions, transfer, and triage records of Hospital Comarcal do Salnés in Pontevedra, Spain. Results: Lower MTS categories had lower hospital admission rates and generated fewer emergency transfers (P<.001).Pretriage delays did not reach the level considered standard and triage times were very stable. We detected variability in times until an attending physician saw the patient. Conclusions: We detected a relationship between triage level and both admission rates and use of emergency transport services. Especially in adults, the rates were significantly higher for higher MTS categories (AU)

Nuevo método de aislamiento y cultivo de larvas de ancylostoma caninum / New method for ancylostoma caninum larva isolation and culture

Se presenta un nuevo medio y mecanismo de recolección de larvas de helmintos, aprovechando el geotropismo negativo de las larvas y el agua de condensación que impregna las tapas de las placas de Petri, que facilita el desplazamiento de la larva hacia este sitio (hidrotropismo positivo); se obtienen cultivos de larvas, enriquesidos, sin detritus que obstaculicen su utilización para mainipulaciones o trabajos ulteriores (AU)

Estudios sobre nuevas técnicas para el conteo de larvas de nematodes / Studies on new techniques for the nematode larva control

Se expone la técnica de aislamiento de larvas de nematodes (Ancylostoma caninum) con el máximo posible de garantía con relación a su limpieza y utilización para investigación y experimentación. Se señala un método de homogeneización de las larvas y su conteo, con un margen de error, prácticamente despreciable, aplicando los métodos estadísticos recomendados por los doctores Héctor Horrego y Renato Palma en enero de 1972 y distribuidos en este Centro durante el curso de estadística aplicada a la fisiología del aparato digestivo (AU)

Tumores neurogénicos del tórax / Neurogenic tumors of the thorax

En el período comprendido entre Enero de 1975 y Diciembre de 1994, se trataron un total de 36 pacientes con tumores neurogénicos del mediastino.La edad osciló entre los 15 y 62 años, y la distribución por sexo fue de 22 mujeres y 14 varones.Todos los casos fueron abordados quirurgicamente y dos de ellos fueron operados conjuntamente con el Servicio de Neurocirugía.De los 36 pacientes, 13 fueron sintomáticos (dolor torácico,tos seca y disnea de esfuerzoy los 23 cursaron en forma asintomática.el par radiológico y la tomografía computada lineal hasta 1980 y luego la Tomografía Axial Computada son los requisitos diagnósticos indispensables.Se hallaron 20 neurilemomas (55,5 por ciento) 7 neuroblastomas (19,4 por ciento), 4 neurofibromas (11,1 por ciento),3 Schwanomas malignos (8,3 por ciento) y 2 Tumores de Askin (5,5 por ciento).Creemos que la cirugía y terapéutica absoluta en los tumores neurogénicos del tórax

Tumores neurogénicos del tórax / Neurogenic tumors of the thorax

En el período comprendido entre Enero de 1975 y Diciembre de 1994, se trataron un total de 36 pacientes con tumores neurogénicos del mediastino.La edad osciló entre los 15 y 62 años, y la distribución por sexo fue de 22 mujeres y 14 varones.Todos los casos fueron abordados quirurgicamente y dos de ellos fueron operados conjuntamente con el Servicio de Neurocirugía.De los 36 pacientes, 13 fueron sintomáticos (dolor torácico,tos seca y disnea de esfuerzoy los 23 cursaron en forma asintomática.el par radiológico y la tomografía computada lineal hasta 1980 y luego la Tomografía Axial Computada son los requisitos diagnósticos indispensables.Se hallaron 20 neurilemomas (55,5 por ciento) 7 neuroblastomas (19,4 por ciento), 4 neurofibromas (11,1 por ciento),3 Schwanomas malignos (8,3 por ciento) y 2 Tumores de Askin (5,5 por ciento).Creemos que la cirugía y terapéutica absoluta en los tumores neurogénicos del tórax