Ethnicity and other COVID-19 death risk factors in Mexico.

Introduction: Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may develop coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Risk factors associated with death vary among countries with different ethnic backgrounds. We aimed to describe the factors associated with death in Mexicans with confirmed COVID-19. Material and methods: We analysed the Mexican Ministry of Health's official database on people tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal fluids. Bivariate analyses were performed to select characteristics potentially associated with death, to integrate a Cox-proportional hazards model. Results: As of May 18, 2020, a total of 177,133 persons (90,586 men and 86,551 women) in Mexico received rtRT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2. There were 5332 deaths among the 51,633 rtRT-PCR-confirmed cases (10.33%, 95% CI: 10.07-10.59%). The median time (interquartile range, IQR) from symptoms onset to death was 9 days (5-13 days), and from hospital admission to death 4 days (2-8 days). The analysis by age groups revealed that the significant risk of death started gradually at the age of 40 years. Independent death risk factors were obesity, hypertension, male sex, indigenous ethnicity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, immunosuppression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, age > 40 years, and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Only 1959 (3.8%) cases received IMV, of whom 1893 were admitted to the intensive care unit (96.6% of those who received IMV). Conclusions: In Mexico, highly prevalent chronic diseases are risk factors for death among persons with COVID-19. Indigenous ethnicity is a poorly studied factor that needs more investigation.

Ibero-American Society of Interventionism (SIDI) and the Spanish Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (SERVEI) Standard of Practice (SOP) for the Management of Inferior Vena Cava Filters in the Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism.

OBJECTIVES: to present an interventional radiology standard of practice on the use of inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) in patients with or at risk to develop venous thromboembolism (VTE) from the Iberoamerican Interventional Society (SIDI) and Spanish Vascular and Interventional Radiology Society (SERVEI). METHODS: a group of twenty-two interventional radiologist experts, from the SIDI and SERVEI societies, attended online meetings to develop a current clinical practice guideline on the proper indication for the placement and retrieval of IVCFs. A broad review was undertaken to determine the participation of interventional radiologists in the current guidelines and a consensus on inferior vena cava filters. Twenty-two experts from both societies worked on a common draft and received a questionnaire where they had to assess, for IVCF placement, the absolute, relative, and prophylactic indications. The experts voted on the different indications and reasoned their decision. RESULTS: a total of two-hundred-thirty-three articles were reviewed. Interventional radiologists participated in the development of just two of the eight guidelines. The threshold for inclusion was 100% agreement. Three absolute and four relative indications for the IVCF placement were identified. No indications for the prophylactic filter placement reached the threshold. CONCLUSION: interventional radiologists are highly involved in the management of IVCFs but have limited participation in the development of multidisciplinary clinical practice guidelines.

[Tangibles as predictors of customer satisfaction in sports services]. / Los tangibles como predictores de la satisfacción del usuario en servicios deportivos.

This study investigates the power of tangible dimensions of service quality to predict customer satisfaction. For this purpose, we statistically controlled the effects of dimensions of service quality that describe social interaction between employees and customers, both functionally and relationally. A field survey was conducted with the participation of 556 customers of a sports centre. The results showed that tangible dimensions of service quality predicted an additional and significant amount of customer satisfaction variance, beyond the effects of service quality of the social interaction. The article concludes with the discussion of the implications of these results.

Animacy increases second target reporting in a rapid serial visual presentation task.

Attentional blink occurs when two target items, T1 and T2, are presented within brief moments of each other in a series of rapidly presented items and participants fail to report T2. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of characteristics of T2 on T2 reporting. Participants (N = 67) completed 4 blocks of 40 trials. Each trial consisted of 15 images, two of which were designated as T1 and T2. T2 was manipulated in three ways: animacy (animate or inanimate), threat (threatening or nonthreatening), and lag (200 ms or 400 ms after T1). The results indicated that more T2s were reported at the longer lag and that animate objects were reported more often than inanimate objects at both lags. Threat did not have a significant effect on T2 reporting although it interacted with lag: threatening objects were reported more frequently than nonthreatening objects at lag 2 but this trend reversed at lag 4. The results were consistent with the animate monitoring hypothesis, which claims that animate objects, because of their importance in ancestral environments, attract attention more easily than inanimate objects. Animate objects appear to capture attention more easily than inanimate objects as second targets in a rapid serial visual presentation task. This result is similar to animacy advantages reported with other attention tasks and with memory tasks.

Diseño y validación de un cuestionario de hábitos de vida de alimentación y actividad física para escolares de 8-12 años / Design and validation of a questionnaire to assess healthhabits of school children aged 8-12

Introducción: El sobrepeso y la obesidad son actualmente un serio problema de salud pública en México, principalmente en la etapa infantil, según la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (ENSANUT, 2012). La obesidad es una enfermedad multifactorial, en la cual se involucran aspectos genéticos, ambientales y de estilo de vida. Para prevenir y tratarla deben modificarse los hábitos de vida, mediante promoción y educación para la salud. Para cambiar los hábitos de la población primero se debe conocer cuáles son, posteriormente crear estrategias para modificarlos. No existen cuestionarios para identificar los hábitos de vida saludables en niños escolares en nuestro medio. Objetivo: Diseñar y evaluar la fiabilidad y validez del cuestionario. Métodos: Se aplicó en 417 escolares. Se usaron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para los dominios y grupos; consistencia interna mediante alpha de Cronbach y correlación interescalar. Resultados: Se encontró que los 27 ítems en los dos dominios superaron el estándar propuesto de fiabilidad (α de Cronbach) mayor a 0.50. Se encontró correlación aceptable, en las diferentes dimensiones del cuestionario (total vs. dominios). La estabilidad test-retest es superior a 0.75 en las dos dimensiones; en los análisis de validez efectuados (de contenido y constructo) los resultados son satisfactorios. Conclusiones: La versión del cuestionario reúne los criterios de consistencia interna y validez de contenido y constructo. Dichos resultados ponen de manifiesto que el cuestionario propuesto pueda ser utilizado como una herramienta para valorar los hábitos de vida en escolares.

Introduction: Being over weight and obesity are currently serious public health problems in Mexico, particularly in childhood. According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (ENSANUT, 2012), obesity is a multifactorial disease in which genetic, environmental and lifestyle issues are involved. To prevent and treat obesity lifestyle should be altered through health promotion and education. To change the habits of the population, first they need to be recognised, then strategies to modify them developed. Presently, there are no questionnaires to identify healthy habits in school children in our area. Objective: To design and evaluate the reliability and validity of a questionnaire that assesses health habits in children. Methods: 417 schoolchildren undertook the questionnaire. Measures of central tendency and dispersion for domains and groups were used; internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha and interscalar correlation. Results: It was found that the 27 items in the 2 domains exceeded the suggested standard of reliability (Cronbach α) greater than 0.50. Acceptable correlation was found in the different dimensions of the questionnaire (total vs. domains). The test-retest stability was higher than 0.75 in both dimensions; in analyses performed on validity (content and construct) the results were satisfactory. Conclusions: The version of the questionnaire met the criteria of internal consistency and content validity and construct. These results show that the proposed questionnaire can be used as a tool to assess lifestyle in school children.

Los tangibles como predictores de la satisfacción del usuario en servicios deportivos / Tangibles as predictors of customer satisfaction in sports services

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la capacidad que tienen las dimensiones de calidad de servicio, en cuanto a los tangibles, a la hora de predecir la satisfacción de los clientes. Para ello, se controlaron estadísticamente los efectos de la calidad de servicio de la interacción social entre empleado y cliente, tanto funcional como relacional. Se realizó un estudio de campo con la participación de 556 usuarios de un centro deportivo. Los resultados indicaron que las dimensiones de tangibles de la calidad de servicio lograban predecir una cantidad de varianza adicional y significativa de la satisfacción del usuario, más allá de los efectos de la calidad de la interacción social. El trabajo concluye con una discusión de las implicaciones de estos resultados (AU)

This study investigates the power of tangible dimensions of service quality to predict customer satisfaction. For this purpose, we statistically controlled the effects of dimensions of service quality that describe social interaction between employees and customers, both functionally and relationally. A field survey was conducted with the participation of 556 customers of a sports centre. The results showed that tangible dimensions of service quality predicted an additional and significant amount of customer satisfaction variance, beyond the effects of service quality of the social interaction. The article concludes with the discussion of the implications of these results (AU)

Las enfermeras, otro rostro de la Revolución / Nurses, the other face of the Revolution

Enfatiza la participación de las enfermeras de la Cruz Roja estadounidense, canadiense y mexicana en la Revolución Mexicana, cuidando y atendiendo enfermos y heridos producto de las batallas que se libraban en distintas latitudes del país. A manera de homenaje, recorda su solidaria participación en los puestos de socorro, en las secciones de ambulancia o en el servicio de los hospitales de campaña proporcionando servicios de vital importancia.(AU)

Paragonimiasis en la Provincia de Cotopaxi, Ecuador

Para determinar la situación real de la paragonimiasis en la provincia de Cotopaxi, se realizó una revisión estadistica retrospectiva a partir del año 1976 hasta 1993. en paralelo, un estudio prospectivo de búsqueda de casos fue realizado durante los años 1992 y 1993 en los cantones de la Maná, Pangua y Sigchos, zonas subtropicales que representan el 20 por ciento del área territorial de la provincia. En total, se identificaron 287 casos, esta parasitosis se presentó desde 500 a 2000 m sobre el nivel del mar. Por lo tanto, la paragonimiasis es endemica en dichos cantones, con los mayores índices de prevalencia en las parroquias de quindigua, Pucayacu, Guasaganda y La Maná. Además, se demostró transmisión activa en la zona, por la presencia de cangrejos Zilchiopsis ecuadoriensis infestados con metacercarias de paragonimus mexicanus.