[Study on risk factors of cardiovascular disease and the status of bone mineral density in women with hypoestrogenism].

OBJECTIVE: To study risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and status of bone mineral density (BMD) in women with hypoestrogenism. METHODS: From Jul 2011 to April 2013, a total of 256 women with hypoestrogenism in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were enrolled in this retrospective study, which were divided into four groups:133 women in ppausal group, 25 women in premature ovarian failure (POF) group, 67 women in menopausal transition group and 31 women in premature ovarian failure transition group.General statue, CVD risk factors and BMD were compared among four groups.General statue include menopausal period, menopausal symptoms (Kupperman Index), CVD risk factors include body mass index, blood pressure, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, blood lipids and glucose, BMD include left hip, lumbar spine bone mineral density and T or Z value. RESULTS: (1) The median menopausal period were 3.4 years in postmenopausal group and 3.6 years in premature ovarian failure group, which did not show no statistical difference (P > 0.05).Kupperman Index in four groups were 12 in postmenopausal group, 9 in POF group, 9 in menopausal transition group and 8 in premature ovarian failure transition group, which reached statistical difference (P < 0.05).(2) The difference of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure were no statistically significant among four groups(P > 0.05); the systolic blood pressure in four groups were 120, 110, 110, 110 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa), their differences were statistically significance (P < 0.05); the high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) was 1.6 mmol/L in postmenopausal group, and 1.3 mmol/L in premature ovarian failure transition group, their differences were all statistically significance (P < 0.05); the difference of the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was not statistically different in 4 groups (P > 0.05).(3) The abnormal rate of lower bone mass in lumbar spine were 57% (46/81) postmenopausal group, 8/15 in POF group, 32% (9/28) in menopausal transition group, 12/19 in premature ovarian failure transition group, and osteoporosis was 9% (7/81), 3/15, 1% (3/28) and 0 respectively , their differences were statistically different (P < 0.05); the abnormal rate of BMD of left hip and lumbar spine of 11/15 and 12/16 in POF group was higher than 65% (53/81) in postmenopausal group. In the mean time, the abnormal rate of BMD of left hip and lumbar spine were, 12/19 and 10/20 in premature ovarian failure transition group, which were significantly higher than 43% (12/28) and 39% (12/31) in the menopausal transition group. CONCLUSIONS: The menopausal symptoms resulting from hypoestrogenism in natural postmenopausal women are mostly remarkable. The decrease of BMD in lumbar spine is more significant than that of left hip among postmenopausal women.Women with earlier menopause was prone to cause the changes of blood fat and abnormal of BMD, especially HDL-C decreased significantly compared with those natural postmenopause, it is more likely to cause CVD and osteoporosis.

[Survey on characteristics of menopause of Chinese women with the age of 40-60 years at gynecological clinic from 14 hospitals].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of menopause of Chinese women with the age of 40-60 years concerning gynecologic clinics in China. METHODS: From Mar.2008 to Sept.2008, a face-to-face questionnaire was conducted in gynecological clinic in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in 14 hospitals in China, which included general demographic data, menstrual change process, climacteric symptoms and knowledge about menopause. Modified Kupperman index were used to evaluate climacteric symptoms during the recent week and awareness of hormonal replacement therapy were studied. RESULTS: A total of 1641 women were investigated. The ages of onset of menopause transition, climacteric symptoms and natural menopause were (47 ± 4), (46 ± 4), (49 ± 3) years old respectively. Climacteric symptoms could be found in 78.43% (1287/1641) women during menopausal transition, which were mainly mild to moderate symptoms. The top 5 symptoms were fatigue and weakness (71.48%, 1173/1641), irritability (68.68%, 1127/1641), insomnia (67.65%, 1110/1641), muscle and joint pain (64.11%, 1052/1641) and hot flush (57.90%, 950/1641). The climacteric symptoms were not constant during menopausal transition, usually more severe in late transition and postmenopausal periods, during which the moderate and severe symptoms were 59.1% (189/320) and 51.1% (291/570) respectively. Although most symptoms primarily appeared along with menstruation change, there are about 17.5% (172/981) patients experienced climacteric symptoms before menstruation change occurrence. There were 56.39% (733/1300) women had ever heard (mostly from gynecologist) about hormone replacement therapy from Obstetrician and Gynecologist. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the women during menopausal transition had climacteric symptoms, usually mild and moderate ones. Although most symptoms primarily appeared along with menstruation change, there are other patients' experienced climacteric symptoms before menstruation change occurrence.