Overfit deep neural network for predicting drug-target interactions.

Drug-target interactions (DTIs) prediction is an important step in drug discovery. As traditional biological experiments or high-throughput screening are high cost and time-consuming, many deep learning models have been developed. Overfitting must be avoided when training deep learning models. We propose a simple framework, called OverfitDTI, for DTI prediction. In OverfitDTI, a deep neural network (DNN) model is overfit to sufficiently learn the features of the chemical space of drugs and the biological space of targets. The weights of trained DNN model form an implicit representation of the nonlinear relationship between drugs and targets. Performance of OverfitDTI on three public datasets showed that the overfit DNN models fit the nonlinear relationship with high accuracy. We identified fifteen compounds that interacted with TEK, a receptor tyrosine kinase contributing to vascular homeostasis, and the predicted AT9283 and dorsomorphin were experimentally demonstrated as inhibitors of TEK in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).

Comparison of efficacy and safety of obinutuzumab-based regimen versus rituximab-based regimen in treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a Meta-analysis / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of obinutuzumab-based regimen versus rituximab-based regimen in treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL).Methods:The Cochrane clinical controlled trials database, PubMed, Embase, American Society of Hematology meeting proceedings, American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meeting proceedings and ClinicalTrails database were searched for studies on the use of regimens containing obinutuzumab or rituximab for the treatment of B-NHL. Patients were divided into obinutuzumab group and rituximab group according to their medication status. Review Manager 5.3 software was used to compare the efficacy and safety of the two groups.Results:A total of 7 randomized controlled trials were selected, including 4 235 patients (1 430 cases of follicular lymphoma, 2 102 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and 703 cases of other B-NHL); 2 121 cases were in the obinutuzumab group and 2 114 cases were in the rituximab group. Among 4 162 patients who could be evaluated, the objective response rate (ORR) in the obinutuzumab group was higher than that in the rituximab group [75.1% (1 565/2 083) vs. 72.7% (1 512/2 079); OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.01-1.41, P = 0.03]. Progression-free survival (PFS) in the obinutuzumab group was better than that in the rituximab group ( HR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.75-0.99, P = 0.03). Among 3 542 patients who could be evaluated for adverse reactions, the incidence of grade 3-4 adverse reactions in the otuzumab group was higher than that in the rituximab group [61.8% (1 098/ 1 776) vs. 54.2% (958/1 766); OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.29-1.74, P < 0.001], the incidence of grade 3-4 infusive-related adverse reactions [7.5% (158/1 776) vs. 3.1% (65/1 766); OR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.91-3.45, P < 0.001] and neutropenia [34.1% (597/1 749) vs. 29.4% (511/1 738); OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.09-1.47, P = 0.002] in the obinutuzumab group were higher than those in the rituximab group. Conclusions:The ORR and PFS of B-NHL patients treated with obinutuzumab-based regimen are better than those treated with rituximab-based regimen, but the influence of adverse reactions should be considered when selecting the regimen.

Plasma concentrations of neurotransmitters and postpartum depression / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To determine associations between postpartum depression (PPD) and plasma neurotransmitters.Methods:We conducted a case-control study nested to a prospective cohort established in 3 comprehensive tertiary hospitals in Changsha,Hunan,China from February to September 2007.The Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used at 2 weeks postpartum to screen PPD,with a score of 13 or higher as the cut-off for PPD.The women with matched age but without PPD and delivery within 5 years were selected as controls.The levels of plasma monoamine neurotransmitters including serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT),dopamine (DA),and norepinephrine (NE),and peptide neurotransmitters including neuropeptide Y (NPY) and substance P (SP) in maternal blood samples taken at 2 weeks postpartum were measured and compared between PPD women (n=42) and controls (n=42).Results:Plasma levels of 5-HT and NPY were significantly lower while plasma levels of NE and SP were significantly higher in PPD women than those in the controls.For women with PPD,a negative correlation between NPY and NE (r=-0.36,P＜0.05) was observed.Conclusion:There are changes in plasma levels of neurotransmitters in women with PPD,and there are potential interactions between different neurotransmitters.

Community nursing intervention in population with high-risk coronary heart disease in Hengyang / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of community nursing intervention on awareness regarding primary prevention knowledge, self-management, and risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) in Hengyang City, Hunan Province.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 individuals at high risk of CHD were recruited and divided into a control group and an intervention group. The intervention group was given the health knowledge lecture and individual community nursing intervention. The control group was given the routine management. Before and after the intervention, all of the recruiters were evaluated by the awareness on primary prevention knowledge, self-management and risk factors for CHD.@*RESULTS@#Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the demographic data, the cognitive levels regarding primary prevention knowledge, the self-management and the risk factors for CHD between the 2 groups (P>0.05). After the intervention, the cognitive levels regarding primary prevention knowledge, the self-management and the risk factors for CHD between the 2 groups changed. In the intervention group, the cognitive level was significantly increased (P0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The cognitive levels regarding primary prevention knowledge and self-management for CHD can be improved effectively by community nursing intervention in high-risk population of CHD, and the risk factors for CHD can also be reduced.

Application of denaturing high performance liquid chromatography for the detection of maternal DNA contamination during prenatal diagnosis / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a high-quality method for detecting short tandem repeats(STR) using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography(DHPLC) in order to exclude maternal contamination and improve the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two families were recruited. DNA was extracted from blood samples from the parents as well as amniotic fluid. Sixteen STR sites were amplified and analyzed based on the range of allele length reported by a STR database. Maternal DNA was mixed with DNA derived from amniotic fluid samples with the ratio 1:1, 1:4, 1:9, 1:19 and 1:99. vWA STR site was detected with DHPLC to confirm the sensitivity of detection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sixteen STR sites were analyzed by DHPLC, for which at least 10 were found to be different between the mothers and fetuses. The detection rate, with maternal contamination excluded, was 66.7%. And the sensitivity of detection was 1-10%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Maternal contamination of amniotic fluid can be rapidly excluded with accuracy with DHPLC, which features a high sensitivity and good quality control, and can meet the European standards and provide a reliable quality control platform for prenatal diagnosis.</p>

Relationship of the phosphodiesterase 4D gene rs153031 polymorphism and the susceptibility of unstable angina pectoris / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the association between the phosphodiesterase 4D(PDE4D) gene rs153031 polymorphism and the susceptibility of unstable angina pectoris(UAP) in Chinese Han population of Changwu region .Methods The PDE4D gene rs153031 polymorphism was genotyped by Taqman probe in 172 UAP patients(UAP group) ,as well as in gender-and-age-matched 220 subjects without coronary heart disease(CHD)(control group) .Results In this crowd ,there was PDE4D gene rs153031 poly-morphism in patients with UAP and in subjects without CHD .Compared with control group ,frequencies of GG ,GA ,AA genotypes and G allele of rs153031 in UAP group showed no statistical differences (P> 0 .05) .Conclusion In Chinese Han population of Changwu region ,PDE4D gene rs153031 polymorphism shows no association with the susceptibility of UAP .

The relevance among serum CRP level,CRP gene C+1444T polymorphism and the risk with acute myocardial infarction * / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum C-reactive protein(CRP) level ,CRP gene C+1444T poly-morphism and the risk with Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Chinese Han population in Sunan region .Methods The CRP gene C+1444T polymorphism was genotyped by Polymerase reaction restriction-fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and the serum CRP level was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) between 227 patients with AMI(AMI group) and 161 control subjects .Results No differences were found in genotype distribution between AMI group and controls (CC 82 .38% ,CT 17 .62% ,TT 0% vs 86 .96% ,13 .04% ,0% )(P>0 .05) .The serum CRP level in AMI group was significantly higher than controls(P< 0 .01) .There was no differences in the serum level between any genotypes of the CRP gene C + 1444T (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The CRP gene C+1444T polymorphism is not associate with increased risk of AMI ,and it have no effect with the serum level in Chinese Han population in Sunan region .

Illness severity and prognosis assessment with acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II for patients after cardiovascular surgery / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate illness severity and to assess the prognosis with acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) for patients after cardiovascular surgery.@*METHODS@#APACHE II scores of 234 patients in the cardiac surgical intensive care unit (CSICU) were calculated, and the actual mortality and the predicted mortality were obtained based on the score.@*RESULTS@#The APACHE II score of the 234 patients was 14.22±6.77. The difference in the APACHE II score between the survivors, the patients with complications and the death group was significant; the difference in the APACHE II score between patients with different preoperative cardiac functions was significant; the detention time in the CSICU was positively related to APACHE II scores; and the ROC area under the curve of APACHE II was 0.991±0.006. With the predicted rate >30% as the standard for death, sensitivity of APACHE II score for mortality risk prediction was 80.00%, specificity was 99.12%, and the accuracy was 98.72%. According to the score, we divided the patients into 3 groups (20 points), forecast mortality in the >20 point group was in the 95% confidence interval of actual mortality.@*CONCLUSION@#APACHE II is a good index for illness severity and prognosis assessment for patients after cardiovascular surgery.

Effects of nutritional supplementation on children with HIV/AIDS in China / 中南大学学报(医学版)

The purpose of the review was to explore the effects of nutritional supplements in children with HIV/AIDS.Nutritional supplements were found to have both positive and negative effects in HIV/AIDS children.It was found that selenium helps to boost immunity.Vitamin D supplementation was found to delay mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and to reduce stunted growth associated with persistent diarrhea.Vitamins B,C,and E were found to delay HIV disease progression,reduce oxidative stress and HIV viral load.Multivitamin supplementation was found to be more effective in delaying HIV disease progression.Protein nutrition was found to improve cognitive and motor developments of children as well as helping HIV-positive children achieve 100％ weight for height.Some nutrient supplements,however,were found to have negative effects on HIV/AIDS children.Vitamin A was found to double the risk of mortality of HIV/AIDS in infants exposed to HIV via breastfeeding.Zinc was found to have a positive effect on production of infectious virus through its action on reverse transcriptase.Some micronutrional interact with each other leading to harmful side effects such as diarrhea.Some nutritional supplements interact with antiretroviral drugs leading to treatment failure.It is important for children to be given right doses of nutritional supplements and that their immune system should be closely monitored.

The influential factors of depressive symptom among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

ObjectiveTo describe the status of depressive symptom among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) and explore the related factors.MethodsThis was a multi-plot cross-sectional survey.136 cases in Hunan province were investigated by questionnaires.The questionnaires included General Information Questionnaire,Depression Self-Rating of Children( DSRS),Quality of Life Scale for Children and Adolescents.ResultsThe DSRS score of all subjects was (9.51 ± 5.19),24 cases suffered from depressive symptom (17.6％).The multi-factor non-condition logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR =2.831 ),current education status (OR =9.822 ),parents' current marital status (OR =0.061 ),yearly household income (OR =0.415 ),hospitalization in the past 6 months (OR =8.797 ),peer relationship (OR =0.133 ),parent-child relationship(OR =0.182 ),FBS(OR =0.061 ) and sample source(OR =8.366 ) were factors which independently predicted depressive symptom in children and adolescents with T1DM.ConclusionThe influential factors of depressive symptom among children and adolescents with T1DM include age,current education status,parents' current marital status,yearly household income,hospitalization in the past 6 months,peer relationship and parent-child relationship,FBS and sample source.

Correlation between polymorphism of monocyte chemoatt-ractant protein-1 gene A-2518G single nucleotide and acute coronary syndrome / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the possible correlation between the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( MCP-1 ) gene A-2518G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the promoter region and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Chinese Han ethnic population of Sunan region,Methods This study was conducted with a case-control design in 484 ACS patients including 290 acute myocardial infarction (AMI)patients and 194 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and 346 control subjects ruled out coronary disease by coronary angiography (control group),including 166 patients with coronary atherosclerosis and 180 subjects without coronary stenosis.Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used for the detection of the A-2518G polymorphism in MCP-1 gene,and then thefrequency of genetype was statistically analyzed.Results There were AA,AG and GG genotypes of MCP-1 gene A-2518G polymorphism in the ACS group and control group.The two groups could be considered as a genetic equilibrium representative by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Compared with the control group,the frequencies of AA genotype ( 15.32％ vs.16.12％ ),AG genotype (53.47％ vs.51.86％ ),GG genotype (31.21％ vs.32.02％ ) and G allele genotype (57.95％ vs.57.95％ ) in ACS group were not significantly different ( P was 0.083,0.673,0.821 and 1.00,respectively).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that there was no significant correlation between MCP-1 gene A-2518G polymorphism and ACS regardless of differences in gender,age,smoking,diabetes,TG and LDL-C ( P ＞0.05 ).There was no significant difference in gender and age of ACS onset between two groups ( P ＞ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the frequencies of AA,AG and GG genotypes and G allele genotype among AMI group,UAP group and normal coronary group ( P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The data shows that MCP-1 gene A-2518G polymorphism is not associated with the risk of ACS in the Chinese Han ethnic population living in Sunan region.

Correlation among coping style, social support, and negative emotion in infertile women / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the correlation among coping style, social support, and negative emotion in Chinese infertile women.@*METHODS@#A total of 211 infertile women was enrolled for this study. Participants completed questionnaires including Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Selfrating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS).@*RESULTS@#The mean scores of the 2 dimensions of SCSQ for the infertile women were 20.18±5.43 (positive coping) and 10.19±3.83 (negative coping), respectively. The total mean score of SSRS was 38.95±6.87, and the mean score of 3 dimensions of SSRS were 22.63±4.15 (subjective support), 8.97±2.73 (objective support), and 7.35±1.87 (extent of using the support), respectively. The mean scores of SAS and SDS were 43.44±10.45 and 50.06±10.59, respectively. SAS scores were negatively correlated to the scores of positive coping, subjective support, objective support and extent of using the support (P<0.01) while positively correlated to the scores of negative coping (P<0.01). SDS score were negatively correlated to the scores of positive coping, subjective support, objective support, and extent of using the support (P<0.01). SEM analysis showed that positive coping had direct and positive effect on social support (β=0.49, P<0.01) while direct and negative effect on negative emotions (anxiety and depression, β=-0.27, P<0.01). Negative coping had direct and negative effect on social support (β=-0.21, P<0.01) while direct and positive effect on negative emotions (β=0.21, P<0.01). Positive coping and negative coping also had indirect effects on negative emotions through the pathway of social support, which had direct and negative effect on negative emotions (β=-0.21, P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Coping styles have direct and indirect effects on negative emotions for the infertile women. As a mediator, social support regulates the relationship between coping styles and negative emotions. Using positive coping more frequently while using negative coping less frequently can alleviate the negative emotions of the infertile women through improving social support levels directly or indirectly.

Study on current staffmg of nurses and need of hospital nursing human resources in China / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the current staffing of nurses and need of hospital nursing human resources in China.Methods Data were collected from 181 secondary and tertiary hospitals and 9774 nurses in mainland China by questionnaires.Results The average doctor-nurse ratio was 1 ∶ 1.39 in tertiary hospitals and 1 ∶ 1.31 in secondary hospitals.The doctor-nurse ratios in 164 hospitals (97.6％) and the proportion of nurses in health care staff in 105 hospitals (61.8％) had not reached the standard set by the Ministry of Health of China.62.3％ nurses held secondary diploma for their initial nursing education.The constituent ratio of nurses held secondary diploma decreased,while the ratio of nurses held advanced diploma and bachelor degree increased in the last 5 years from 2003 to 2007.Sixty percent of newly employed nurses were contract nurses in 2003.The proportion increased to 78％ in 2007,and in some regions it accounted for more than 90％ of new nurses.The needs and constituent ratio of nurses with.secondary diploma and advanced diploma would decrease while nurses with bachelor degree and master degree would increase in the next 5 years (from 2009 to 2013).Conclusions The nursing shortage is still severe in China,and nursing staff mainly held secondary diploma for their initial nursing education.Most of new nurses were employed as conwact nurses.The need of hospitals for nurses has increased,especially for nurses with higher educational level such as bachelor degree and master degree,while the need for secondary diploma hold ers have decreased.The need for advanced diploma holders has increased in the last 5 years and would decrease in the next 5 years,but they would still be the majority of employed nurses.The authors suggested that the staffing of nursing manpower,the work environments and career development of contract nurses should be improved,and the initial nursing education should be upgraded to meet the needs of hospitals.

Comparative study in pain and the success rate of puncture between venipunctnre methods from various angles / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore a venipuncture method that can reduce the pain, improve the suc-cess rate of puncture as well as reduce vascular injury. Methods Self-controlled method was applied in 200 patients, needle tips with 20～25°,31～40°,41～50°, 51～60°, > 60° angles on the top of the blood ves-sels,the inclined plane of the needle parallel to the longitudinal axis of the blood vessel (that was,the in-clined plane to the left or right) or traditional method with upward of needle tips were adopted, the observa-tion group and the control group were divided according to different methods, pain and success rate of puncture were compared. Results There were differences between the two groups,results of the observa-tion group were better than those of the control group (except when > 60°, success rate showed no differ-ence). Conclusions Venipuncture with needle tip parallel to the longitudinal axis of the blood vessels can significantly reduce pain in patients, improve the success rate of puncture and reduce the vascular in-jury, which were superior to the traditional venipuncture method. Whatever method is chosen, 51～60° is the best angie into the vessel.

Correlation between social anxiety and fear of negative evaluation and self-esteem in nurses before practice / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship among social anxiety,fear of negative evaluation and self-esteem and supply reference for psychological health education.Methods We adopted Social Avoidance and Distress Scale(SAD),Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale(FNE)and self-esteem(SES)scale to investigate nursing students in a certain university and college.Then we analyzed the investigation results. Results The scores of SAD and SES of nursing students with different education background were distinctly different(P<0.05).The score of SAD was positively correlated with that of SES(r=0.483,P<0.05)and FNE(r=0.316,P<0.01).Conclusion We should strengthen the cuhivation of serf-esteem for nursing students and help them to get rid of fear of negative evaluation and conquer social anxiety.

Effect of Cilazapril on cytokines and cardiac function in patients with congestive heart failure / 中华全科医师杂志

Thirty seven patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) were divided into cilazapril group (n=19) and general treatment group (n=18). Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) ,interleukin-8 (IL-8) , interleukin-10(IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) , left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), cardiac output (CO) and fractional shortening (FS) were measured before and after treatment. Serum levels of cytokines were also measured in 40 healthy individuals (control group). Results: The serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α in CHF patients were significantly higher than those in the control group ( all P<0.01 ) ; After treatment, the serum IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were significantly decreased (P<0.01 ,P<0.05 ) in the cilazapril group. The LVEF, FS, CO were significantly increased in the Cilazapril group ( P<0.01 ) ; And the serum levels of IL-6 were significantly decreased in the cilazapril group as compared with the general treatment group ( P<0.05 ), however, after treatment, the EF, LVEF, FS and CO had no statistical differences in the cilazapril group as compared with the general treatment group. In the control group only LVEF and FS improved(P<0.01) ; Cytokine levels showed no changes. It suggests that cilazapril can reduce the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased the serum levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine, protect and improved cardiac function in the patients with congestive heart failure.

Relationship between thrombospondin-1 gene GI678A polymorphism and acute coronary syndrome / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the possible association between the thrombospandin-1(TSP-1) gene GI678A (Ala523Thr)polymorphism and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in a Chinese Han population.Method he ease cohort studied was compsed of 412 hospitalized patients with ACS recruited from four participating hospitals between November 2003 and May 2006.The diagnosis of ACS was based on the criteria of AHA/ACC set in 2002.The eontrul group was consisted of 319 age- and sex-matched subjects from partiei pating hospitals,and they were free from coronary artery disease judged by history,clinical examination,electrocardiography,exercise test and angiography.The TSP-1 GI678A polymorphism was determined by polymerase ehain reaction and restriction fragment length polymurphism analysis(PCR-RFLP).Results The prevalence OfAA genotype of the G1678A polymorphismin patients with ACS was significantly higher than that in the control subjects (49.5%% vs.40.4%,P=0.015).The frequencies of GA and GG genotypes were not significantly different between patients with ACS and controls (CA:39.3% vs.46.1%,P=0.070;CA;11.2% vs.13.5%,P=0.340).The frequencies of A allele in the ACS group and control group were 69.2% and 63.5%,respectively (P=0.022).Furthermore,multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the AA genotype was a significant risk factor for ACS (OR=1.52;95% CI:1.11～2.08;P=0.010).Conclusions The present findings suggest that the AA genotype in TSP-1 gene GI678A polymorphism may be associated with a risk factor for ACS in the Hart nationality of China.The AA genotype may be a genetic marker of the liability to the inheritance of AC,S.

Genetic susceptibility to coronary artery disease / 中国组织工程研究

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the advances in the genetic susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) and explore the heritable basis of the disease.DATA SOURCES:Related articles in English from January 1990 to June 2006 were searched in Pubmed and EMCC databases with the terms "gene, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction". Meanwhile, the CMCC database was searched for the relevant articles published between January 2000 and June 2006 in Chinese.STUDY SELECTrON: After the preliminary selection,relevant literatures on genetics of CAD and myocardial infarction(MI)were selected, and those with obvious indifferent contents or with less correlation were excluded.DATA EXTRACTION: Data of 49 articles were mainly extracted from the selected literatures providing solid evidence to elucidate the genetic susceptibility to CAD or MI.DATA SYNTHESIS: The involved 49 articles showed that CAD is a complex multifactorial disorder which is believed to result from the interplay between a person's genetic makeup and various environmental factors. The heritable basis is increasingly recognized as a crucial component in the development of CAD. Recent work in the field of genetics has lead to determining key genes associated with the susceptibility for CAD and MI through genome-wide linkage scans and large-scale gene-association studies as core human genetics approaches These susceptibility genes involve diverse functions, including dyslipidemia, vascular homeostasis, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and immunity.CONCLUSION: The identification of genes that predispose to or directly cause CAD provides new insights into the pathogenesis of this disorder. However, the precise role of genetic factor in the CAD or MI events and the personalized gene-specific therapy await further investigation.