Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Edema in Lipedema Revealed by Noninvasive 3T MR Lymphangiography.

BACKGROUND: Lipedema exhibits excessive lower-extremity subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) deposition, which is frequently misidentified as obesity until lymphedema presents. MR lymphangiography may have relevance to distinguish lipedema from obesity or lymphedema. HYPOTHESIS: Hyperintensity profiles on 3T MR lymphangiography can identify distinct features consistent with SAT edema in participants with lipedema. STUDY TYPE: Prospective cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: Participants (48 females, matched for age [mean = 44.8 years]) with lipedema (n = 14), lipedema with lymphedema (LWL, n = 12), cancer treatment-related lymphedema (lymphedema, n = 8), and controls without these conditions (n = 14). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3T MR lymphangiography (nontracer 3D turbo-spin-echo). ASSESSMENT: Review of lymphangiograms in lower extremities by three radiologists was performed independently. Spatial patterns of hyperintense signal within the SAT were scored for extravascular (focal, diffuse, or not apparent) and vascular (linear, dilated, or not apparent) image features. STATISTICAL TESTS: Interreader reliability was computed using Fleiss Kappa. Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate the proportion of image features between study groups. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between image features and study groups. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of SAT extravascular and vascular features was reported in groups compared to lipedema. The threshold of statistical significance was P < 0.05. RESULTS: Reliable agreement was demonstrated between three independent, blinded reviewers (P < 0.001). The frequency of SAT hyperintensities in participants with lipedema (36% focal, 36% diffuse), LWL (42% focal, 33% diffuse), lymphedema (62% focal, 38% diffuse), and controls (43% focal, 0% diffuse) was significantly distinct. Compared with lipedema, SAT hyperintensities were less frequent in controls (focal: OR = 0.63, CI = 0.11-3.41; diffuse: OR = 0.05, CI = 0.00-1.27), similar in LWL (focal: OR = 1.29, CI = 0.19-8.89; diffuse: OR = 1.05, CI = 0.15-7.61), and more frequent in lymphedema (focal: OR = 9.00, CI = 0.30-274.12; diffuse: OR = 5.73, CI = 0.18-186.84). DATA CONCLUSION: Noninvasive MR lymphangiography identifies distinct signal patterns indicating SAT edema and lymphatic load in participants with lipedema. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.

Microlevel Advocacy: A Common Process in Couple and Family Therapy.

Advocacy is an essential element to mental health practitioners' professional identity. Some scholars contend that many couple and family therapists lack the skill set needed to effectively advocate. However, these researchers often discuss advocacy solely on the macrolevel, which makes advocacy appear unidimensional and may feel out of reach for many practitioners. In this article, we argue that advocacy is not unidimensional, but consists of two levels: macro- and microlevel advocacy. Microlevel advocacy is client-centered and is effectively performed by couple and family therapists on a regular basis. By broadening the definition of advocacy to include the microlevel, we argue that advocacy is a common process of couple and family therapy that cuts across therapy models and is interwoven into the very being of a couple and family therapist. We present in this article a comprehensive case vignette to illustrate how microlevel advocacy may be performed by CFTs. Clinical and training implications are offered to help clinicians begin to bridge the gap between micro- and macrolevel advocacies.

El apoyo es un elemento esencial para la identidad profesional de los profesionales de la salud mental. Algunos investigadores sostienen que muchos terapeutas de pareja y de familia carecen de las habilidades necesarias para brindar apoyo eficazmente. Sin embargo, estos investigadores generalmente analizan el apoyo únicamente en el macronivel, lo cual hace que el apoyo parezca unidimensional y que pueda resultarle inalcanzable a muchos profesionales. En este artículo planteamos que el apoyo no es unidimensional, sino que consta de dos niveles: el macronivel y el micronivel. El apoyo en el micronivel está centrado en el paciente y lo brindan eficazmente los terapeutas familiares y de pareja periódicamente. Al ampliar la definición de apoyo para incluir el micronivel, sostenemos que el apoyo es un proceso común de la terapia de pareja y familiar que trasciende los modelos de terapia y está interconectado con el propio ser de un terapeuta de pareja y de familia. En este artículo presentamos un análisis completo de un caso para ejemplificar cómo los terapeutas de familia y de pareja pueden brindar apoyo en el micronivel. Se ofrecen implicancias para la clínica y la capacitación a fin de ayudar a los profesionales clínicos a comenzar a acortar la distancia entre el apoyo en el micronivel y el apoyo en el macronivel.

Triage sepsis alert and sepsis protocol lower times to fluids and antibiotics in the ED.

BACKGROUND: Early identification of sepsis in the emergency department (ED), followed by adequate fluid hydration and appropriate antibiotics, improves patient outcomes. OBJECTIVES: We sought to measure the impact of a sepsis workup and treatment protocol (SWAT) that included an electronic health record (EHR)-based triage sepsis alert, direct communication, mobilization of resources, and standardized order sets. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, quasiexperimental study of adult ED patients admitted with suspected sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock. We defined a preimplementation (pre-SWAT) group and a postimplementation (post-SWAT) group and further broke these down into SWAT A (septic shock) and SWAT B (sepsis with normal systolic blood pressure). We performed extensive data comparisons in the pre-SWAT and post-SWAT groups, including demographics, systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria, time to intravenous fluids bolus, time to antibiotics, length-of-stay times, and mortality rates. RESULTS: There were 108 patients in the pre-SWAT group and 130 patients in the post-SWAT group. The mean time to bolus was 31 minutes less in the postimplementation group, 51 vs 82 minutes (95% confidence interval, 15-46; P value < .01). The mean time to antibiotics was 59 minutes less in the postimplementation group, 81 vs 139 minutes (95% confidence interval, 44-74; P value < .01). Segmented regression modeling did not identify secular trends in these outcomes. There was no significant difference in mortality rates. CONCLUSIONS: An EHR-based triage sepsis alert and SWAT protocol led to a significant reduction in the time to intravenous fluids and time to antibiotics in ED patients admitted with suspected sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock.

Electronic Health Record-Embedded Individualized Pain Plans for Emergency Department Treatment of Vaso-occlusive Episodes in Adults With Sickle Cell Disease: Protocol for a Preimplementation and Postimplementation Study.

BACKGROUND: Individuals living with sickle cell disease often require aggressive treatment of pain associated with vaso-occlusive episodes in the emergency department. Frequently, pain relief is poor. The 2014 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute evidence-based guidelines recommended an individualized treatment and monitoring protocol to improve pain management of vaso-occlusive episodes. OBJECTIVE: This study will implement an electronic health record-embedded individualized pain plan with provider and patient access in the emergency departments of 8 US academic centers to improve pain treatment for adult patients with sickle cell disease. This study will assess the overall effects of electronic health record-embedded individualized pain plans on improving patient and provider outcomes associated with pain treatment in the emergency department setting and explore barriers and facilitators to the implementation process. METHODS: A preimplementation and postimplementation study is being conducted by all 8 sites that are members of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-funded Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium. Adults with sickle cell disease aged 18 to 45 years who had a visit to a participating emergency department for vaso-occlusive episodes within 90 days prior to enrollment will be eligible for inclusion. Patients will be enrolled in the clinic or remotely. The target analytical sample size of this study is 160 patient participants (20 per site) who have had an emergency department visit for vaso-occlusive episode treatment at participating emergency departments during the study period. Each site is expected to enroll approximately 40 participants to reach the analytical sample size. The electronic health record-embedded individualized pain plans will be written by the patient's sickle cell disease provider, and sites will work with the local informatics team to identify the best method to build the electronic health record-embedded individualized pain plan with patient and provider access. Each site will adopt required patient and provider implementation strategies and can choose to adopt optional strategies to improve the uptake and sustainability of the intervention. The study is informed by the Technology Acceptance Model 2 and the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework. Provider and patient baseline survey, follow-up survey within 96 hours of an emergency department vaso-occlusive episode visit, and selected qualitative interviews within 2 weeks of an emergency department visit will be performed to assess the primary outcome, patient-perceived quality of emergency department pain treatment, and additional implementation and intervention outcomes. Electronic health record data will be used to analyze individualized pain plan adherence and additional secondary outcomes, such as hospital admission and readmission rates. RESULTS: The study is currently enrolling study participants. The active implementation period is 18 months. CONCLUSIONS: This study proposes a structured, framework-informed approach to implement electronic health record-embedded individualized pain plans with both patient and provider access in routine emergency department practice. The results of the study will inform the implementation of electronic health record-embedded individualized pain plans at a larger scale outside of Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium centers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04584528; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04584528. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/24818.

Hurricane Impact on Emergency Services and Use of Telehealth to Support Prehospital Care.

The impact of hurricanes on emergency services is well-known. Recent history demonstrates the need for prehospital and emergency department coordination to serve communities during evacuation, storm duration, and cleanup. The use of telehealth applications may enhance this coordination while lessening the impact on health-care systems. These applications can address triage, stabilization, and diversion and may be provided in collaboration with state and local emergency management operations through various shelters, as well as during other emergency medical responses.

An outbreak of Francisella tularensis in captive prairie dogs: an immunohistochemical analysis.

An immunohistochemical assay was developed and tested for detection of Francisella tularensis lipopolysaccaride antigen in tissues of captive prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Tissues from 59 cases of F. tularensis were examined by this technique, which was corroborated by direct fluorescent antibody assay and direct isolation of the organism. In infected prairie dogs, studies indicated multiple, severe, necroprurulent foci occurring in the liver, lung, spleen, terminal ileum, and mandibular lymph node. Immunohistochemical analysis of the same formalin-fixed tissues indicated the presence of F. tularensis antigen in neutrophils and macrophages of these lesions and occurring extracellularly in areas of necrosis. This report demonstrates that immunohistochemical analysis is a rapid procedure that can be used to determine the pathogenesis of F. tularensis in rodent populations.

Degenerative arthritis of the knee secondary to ochronosis.

Alkaptonuria is a rare disease in which a deficiency in the homogentisate 1, 2-dioxygenase enzyme results in a buildup of homogentisic acid. Ochronosis, the deposition of excess homogentisic acid in connective tissue, causes brownish-black pigmentation and weakening of the tissue ultimately resulting in chronic inflammation, degeneration, and osteoarthritis. There is currently no definitive cure for alkaptonuric ochronosis, and management is usually symptomatic. However, total joint replacements in severe cases of ochronotic osteoarthritis have comparable outcomes to osteoarthritic patients without ochronosis. We report a case of a patient with ochronotic arthritis of the knee treated with total knee arthroplasty.

Ultra-low level plutonium isotopes in the NIST SRM 4355A (Peruvian Soil-1).

For more than 20 years, countries and their agencies which monitor radionuclide discharge sites and storage facilities have relied on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 4355 Peruvian Soil. Its low fallout contamination makes it an ideal soil blank for measurements associated with terrestrial-pathway-to-man studies. Presently, SRM 4355 is out of stock, and a new batch of the Peruvian soil is currently under development as future NIST SRM 4355A. Both environmental radioanalytical laboratories and mass spectrometry communities will benefit from the use of this SRM. The former must assess their laboratory procedural contamination and measurement detection limits by measurement of blank sample material. The Peruvian Soil is so low in anthropogenic radionuclide content that it is a suitable virtual blank. On the other hand, mass spectrometric laboratories have high sensitivity instruments that are capable of quantitative isotopic measurements at low plutonium levels in the SRM 4355 (first Peruvian Soil SRM) that provided the mass spectrometric community with the calibration, quality control, and testing material needed for methods development and legal defensibility. The quantification of the ultra-low plutonium content in the SRM 4355A was a considerable challenge for the mass spectrometric laboratories. Careful blank control and correction, isobaric interferences, instrument stability, peak assessment, and detection assessment were necessary. Furthermore, a systematic statistical evaluation of the measurement results and considerable discussions with the mass spectroscopy metrologists were needed to derive the certified values and uncertainties. The one sided upper limit of the 95% tolerance with 95% confidence for the massic (239)Pu content in SRM 4355A is estimated to be 54,000 atoms/g.