The cell cycle, cancer development and therapy.

The process of cell division plays a vital role in cancer progression. Cell proliferation and error-free chromosomes segregation during mitosis are central events in life cycle. Mistakes during cell division generate changes in chromosome content and alter the balances of chromosomes number. Any defects in expression of TIF1 family proteins, SAC proteins network, mitotic checkpoint proteins involved in chromosome mis-segregation and cancer development. Here we discuss the function of organelles deal with the chromosome segregation machinery, proteins and correction mechanisms involved in the accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis.

Biosynthesis of CuO nanoparticles using aqueous extract of herbal tea (Stachys Lavandulifolia) flowers and evaluation of its catalytic activity.

Plant derived biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles (NP) has been the recent trend in material science as featured sustainable catalysts. A great deal of the current nanocatalytic research has been oriented on the bio-inspired green catalysts based on their wide applicability. In this context, CuO NPs are synthesized following a green approach using an herbal tea (Stachys Lavandulifolia) flower extract. The phytochemicals contained in it were used asthe internal reductant without applying harsh chemicals or strong heat. The derived nanoparticles also got stabilized by the biomolecular capping. The as-synthesized CuO NPs was characterized over FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDS, TEM, XRD, TGA and UV-Vis spectroscopy. These NPs were exploited as a competent catalyst in the aryl and heteroaryl C-heteroatom (N, O, S) cross coupling reactions affording outstanding yields. The nanocatalyst was isolated and recycled in 8 consecutive runs with reproducible catalytic activity. Rigidity of the CuO/S. Lavandulifolia nanocomposite was further justified by leaching test and heterogeneity test.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Effects of Gold Nanoparticles Containing Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Aqueous Extract.

Background. Wound healing is a complex process of replacing devitalized cellular structures and tissues with healthy cells and tissue. Nanotechnology has been increasingly proposed as a novel platform to treat wounds and skin regeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and cutaneous wound healing activities of phytosynthesized Au NPs using Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) and synthesized Au NPs by using the citrate synthesis method. The Ok Au NPs were characterized using various techniques like UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cutaneous wounds were created on 30 rats and randomized into three groups: untreated and two groups treated with Ch Au NPs and Ok Au NPs. The treatment was carried out daily for 12 days. A peak characterized the Ok Au NPs at 538 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum. Based on the results of FTIR spectroscopy, various functional oxygenated groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and nitrogenous groups were observed. XRD confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. TEM images of Ok Au NPs showed a spherical shape and size range of 75 nm. DPPH test showed similar antioxidant potentials for Au NPs. The Au NPs showed cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, and this technique was found to be nontoxic. Agar well diffusion, which is the method to determine antibacterial characteristics of Au NPs, showed a significant beneficial effect against a variety of bacterial species. In addition, histopathological results showed that Au NPs could accelerate wound closure. Therefore, Au NPs could be suitable for wound healing applications.

Green synthesis and characterizations of gold nanoparticles using Thyme and survey cytotoxic effect, antibacterial and antioxidant potential.

Nowadays, green chemistry methods are noticeable for synthesis metal nanoparticles due to affordable, easy and high reaction rate. In the present study gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were eco-friendly synthesized using Thyme extract at the room temperature for 30 min to provide non-toxic, which can be used for different applications. Identifying properties of synthesized gold nanoparticles was done by various analytical technique including UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy approved presence of Au NPs in the solution, the functional groups of Thyme extract in the reduction and capping process of Au NPs are determined by FT-IR, Crystalline with the fcc plane approved by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) determined existence of elements in the sample, surface morphology, diverse shapes and size of present Au NPs were showed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Beginning and end destroy temperature of the gold nanoparticles were determined by thermal gravimetric spectroscopy (TGA). In addition, antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity properties of Au NPs were studied. Antibacterial activity of Au NPs was investigated on gram-positive (Bacillus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) by disk diffusion; also MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) were determined. DPPH free radical scavenging assay was used for antioxidant property and compared to butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) as a standard antioxidant that showed high antioxidant activity. Synthesized Au NPs have great cell viability in a dose-depended manner and demonstrate that this method provided nontoxic for synthesis gold nanoparticles. The average diameter of synthesized Au NPs was about 35 nm.

Green synthesis of Au nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of Stachys lavandulifolia and their catalytic performance for alkyne/aldehyde/amine A3 coupling reactions.

High reaction rate and easy availability make green synthesis of metal nanoparticles noticeable. In the present study, gold nanoparticles with wide applications in different fields were synthesized by an ecofriendly method at room temperature using Stachys lavandulifolia extract as the reducing agent. Properties of the synthesized gold nanoparticles (GNP) were identified by different analytical techniques including: UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy verified presence of Au NPs in the solution while functional groups of its extract and synthesized Au NPs were determined by FT-IR. Its crystalline analysis with a fcc plane was verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) determined elements in the sample. Surface morphology, diverse shapes and sizes of the Au NPs were shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Beginning and end destruction temperatures of the Au/S. lavandulifolia NPs were determined by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The Au nanoparticles were capped with extracts, preventing them from oxidation and agglomeration and were used as an efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst for a three-component reaction of amines, aldehydes, and alkynes (A3 coupling). A diverse range of propargylamines were obtained in good yields. Furthermore, the separation and recycling of Au/S. lavandulifolia NPs was very simple, effective, and economical.