[A control study of artificial oocyte activation in the same period].

Objective: To compare the fertility rate and embryo outcome between normal fertilization and the use of Calcium ionophore A23187 on the same period of the same cycle of human ovum for artificial activation. Methods: Patients who conducted the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycle in vitro fertilization assisted reproductive from January 2015 to December in reproductive center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were enrolled.The protocol of this study was approved by the ethics committee of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.The subjects must met at least one of the inclusion criteria: (1)the normal fertilization rate was less than 30% ICSI in the previous ICSI cycle; (2)no good quality embryos in a previous period of third days in ICSI; (3)patients with globozoospermia.The ovum were randomly divided into two groups, control group and artificial oocyte activation (AOA) group. In the control group, the eggs were treated with routine ICSI operation, and the AOA group was activated by A23187 after ICSI. Normal fertilization rate, cleavage rate, pregnancy and birth outcome of two groups were compared. Results: The 2PN fertilization rate in the AOA group 65.93% (60/91) was significantly higher than that in the control group 46.67% (41/89) (P<0.05). In addition, in patients who met the inclusion criteria of 1 categories (2PN≤30%), the 2PN fertilization rate was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the AOA group [79.59% (39/49)] compared with the control group [57.14% (28/49)]. In patients who met the inclusion criteria of 3 categories (globozoospermia), the 2PN fertilization rate was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the AOA group [75% (6/8)] compared with the control group [0% (0/5)]. Conclusions: The use of calcium ionophore A23187 assisted activation could be helpful to improve the normal fertilization rate of ICSI. But the effects of early embryonic development and the safety of generation need to be further studied.

Growth and Survival of Flavobacterium aurantiacum in Peanut Milk1.

Tryptone-yeast extract-glucose (TYG) and trypticase soy broth (TSB) were evaluated for production and recovery of Flavobacterium aurantiacum stationary phase cells. In addition, growth of F. aurantiacum in peanut milk was tested, Trypticase soy broth was chosen as the best medium for producing stationary phase cells. Both non-defatted peanut milk (NDPM) and partially defatted peanut milk (PDPM) supported growth of F. aurantiacum . The growth of F. aurantiacum in both kinds of peanut milk was not inhibited by aflatoxin B1 (1 mg/ml). About 109 stationary phase cells were inoculated in 0.067 M phosphate buffer (PB) at pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0, and in both peanut milks (pH 6.3 and 6.9). After a 24-h incubation period, the viable cell number decreased slightly in PB (pH 7.0, 30°C), but decreased 2-3 logs in other buffers. About 0.6-0.8 log decrease was observed in NDPM and PDPM. Phosphate buffer (0.067 M, pH 7.0), NDPM and PDPM were determined to be adequate for use in studies to investigate the removal of aflatoxin B1 by F. aurantiacum .

Comparison of media and methods for detecting and enumerating Listeria monocytogenes in refrigerated cabbage.

Direct plating, selective enrichment, and cold enrichment followed by secondary selective enrichment procedures were compared for detecting and enumerating Listeria monocytogenes in chopped cabbage stored at 5 degrees C for up to 64 days. Addition of Fe3+ to solid media enhanced detection of the organism. Cold enrichment (5 degrees C) in nutrient broth and brain heart infusion broth followed by secondary enrichment (48 h, 30 degrees C) in Trypticase soy-yeast extract-antibiotic broth and thiocyanate-nalidixic acid broth and plating on selective agar media (Doyle and Schoeni selective enrichment agar [minus acriflavin hydrochloride, supplemented with 5 micrograms of Fe3+/ml] and McBride Listeria agar) resulted in the detection of highest populations.

Growth and thermal inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in cabbage and cabbage juice.

Studies were done to determine the interacting effects of pH, NaCl, temperature, and time on growth, survival, and death of two strains of Listeria monocytogenes. Viable population of the organism steadily declined in heat-sterilized cabbage stored at 5 degrees C for 42 days. In contrast, the organism grew on raw cabbage during the first 25 days of a 64-day storage period at 5 degrees C. Growth was observed in heat-sterilized unclarified cabbage juice containing less than or equal to 5% NaCl and tryptic phosphate broth containing less than or equal to 10% NaCl. Rates of thermal inactivation increased as pH of clarified cabbage juice heating medium was decreased from 5.6 to 4.0. At 58 degrees C (pH 5.6), 4 X 10(6) cells/mL were reduced to undetectable levels within 10 min. Thermal inactivation rates in clarified cabbage juice (pH 5.6) were not significantly influenced by the presence of up to 2% NaCl; however, heat-stressed cells had increased sensitivity to NaCl in tryptic soy agar recovery medium. Cold enrichment of heat-stressed cells at 5 degrees C for 21 days enhanced resuscitation. Results indicate that L. monocytogenes can proliferate on refrigerated (5 degrees C) raw cabbage which, in turn, may represent a hazard to health of the consumer. Heat pasteurization treatments normally given to cabbage juice or sauerkraut would be expected to kill any L. monocytogenes cells which may be present.