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The objective of this study was to assess the relative association between body weight, body mass index (BMI), lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM), and bone mineral density (BMD) in a group of Jordanian postmenopausal women and investigate if this possible association changes with age. A total of 3256 patients had dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan in the period from January 2009 till January 2012 at the Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department of Jordan University Hospital. Only 584 women met the selection criteria. Age has been recorded, and patients were divided into subgroups according to age. Body weight and height were measured, and BMI was calculated. Body composition (LM, FM, percentage of android fat, and percentage of gynoid fat) was assessed by DXA. BMD of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and femoral neck was measured by DXA. Weight, BMI, FM, LM, percentage of android fat, and percentage of gynoid fat were positively correlated to BMD at both lumbar spine and femoral neck. However, this correlation disappeared at the age of 70 yr at lumbar spine and 75 yr at femoral neck. This study suggests that both FM and LM are important determinants of BMD in Jordanian postmenopausal women, and this correlation disappears after the age of 70 yr at lumbar spine and 75 yr at femoral neck.
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Adiposidade , Povo Asiático , Peso Corporal , Densidade Óssea , Absorciometria de Fóton , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Colo do Fêmur , Humanos , Jordânia , Vértebras Lombares , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the isometric muscle strength (IMS) and dynamic balance in early- and middle-school-age boys and to assess the strength of association between the dynamic balance scores and 6 different IMS indexes. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of 94 boys who were 6 to 10 years of age and classified into an early school age (6-8 years) group (n = 50) and a middle school age (8-10 years) group (n = 44). Balance was tested using a Biodex Balance System. Anteroposterior Stability Index, Mediolateral Stability Index, and Overall Stability Index were recorded. IMS of 11 muscle groups was measured with a handheld dynamometer and categorized into 6 different muscle strength indices. RESULTS: The mean (SD) values of anteroposterior, mediolateral, and overall stability indexes observed for all study boys were 1.9 ± 1.0, 1.2 ± 0.7, and 2.5 ± 1.2 respectively. In the middle school age group, strong positive relationships were detected between the overall stability index and trunk, lower limb, anti-gravity, pro-gravity, and total strength indexes (r = -0.86/P < .001, r = -0.91/P < .001, r = -0.88/P < .001, r = -0.83/P < .001, and r = -0.84/P < .001 respectively), while no significant relationship was detected with the upper limb strength index (r = 0.159/P = .303). In the early school age group, moderate positive relationships were detected between the overall stability index and anti-gravity, lower limb, and total strength indexes (r = -0.404/P = .004, r = -0.356/P = .011, and r = -0.350/P = .013 respectively). CONCLUSION: Dynamic balance did not appear to be mature by the age of 10 years. Better balance skills were recorded in the mediolateral direction than in the anteroposterior direction. In the middle school age group, the overall stability index had positive relationships with almost all examined muscle strength indexes excepting the upper limb strength index.
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Contração Isométrica/fisiologia , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Equilíbrio Postural/fisiologia , Fatores Etários , Antropometria , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Masculino , Dinamômetro de Força Muscular , Valores de Referência , Estudos de Amostragem , Análise e Desempenho de TarefasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The use of online learning methods has expanded considerably in many countries since the declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Smartphones are widely used for voice and text messaging, checking emails, and distance learning. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between using smartphones and text neck syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among university students in Jordan between February and March 2023. All undergraduate students were invited to participate. A self-administered online (Google forms) questionnaire was distributed by posting the link to the questionnaire on students' groups through social media websites such as Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp. RESULTS: A total of 171 students responded to the survey. The participants included 103 (60%) females and 68 (40%) males. Approximately 79% of the participants were less than 22 years old. Almost half of the participants reported pain at neck (54%) and shoulder (51%), while about 61% of participants suffered from upper back pain. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Smartphones are widely becoming essential in educational technology, and more concern should be expended to increase the awareness about optimal and healthy usage of smartphones by restricting usage duration in order to reduce neck and shoulder pain and associated poor functioning in daily living activities. 2. Poor patterns of smartphone use increase the likelihood of neck pain. 3. Neck movement limitations are not associated with age or gender. 4. Students who did not report limitation in neck movement were less likely to have difficulty with reading.
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Educação a Distância , Smartphone , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Jordânia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Universidades , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudantes , Cervicalgia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Background: Culture and lifestyle could justify the variability in clinical patterns of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and was reported to affect exercise adherence.Objective: To explore perceptions and aspects influencing exercise adherence in people with knee OA in Jordan (a developing country) as they might be different from those reported in the developed world.Methods: Fourteen participants were included in the study (13 females, one male). One focus group and seven in depth semi-structured interviews were conducted. The discussions were audio-taped and transcribed. Framework analysis was used and data were interpreted using the socio-ecological model.Results: At the individual level, knowledge of the role of exercise in knee OA and personal factors influenced exercise performance and adherence. At the sociocultural level, cultural attitudes and beliefs and social interaction affected exercises adherence. At the organizational/political level, suboptimal service delivery process, inappropriate delivery of home exercises, accessibility of services affected exercise adherence. Opportunities for improving service delivery were also reported. At the environmental level, geography and weather affected adherence.Conclusions: Understanding the interaction of health-related behavior with individual, social/cultural, organizational, and environmental aspects would improve exercise adherence and equip physiotherapists with knowledge and resources to facilitate the implementation of patient-centered services.
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Osteoartrite do Joelho , Exercício Físico , Terapia por Exercício , Feminino , Humanos , Jordânia , Masculino , Osteoartrite do Joelho/diagnóstico , Osteoartrite do Joelho/terapia , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
To examine the psychometric properties of a short form TSK-AV in Arabic-speaking patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP).One hundred one CLBP patients recruited from Jordan University Hospital provided demographic information and completed the TSK-AV full version and measures of pain severity and disability. Explorative factor analysis was used to determine whether a generally accepted 2-factor model consisting of fewer TSK items applies to the TSK-AV and exhibits acceptable psychometric properties.A 2-factor model provided an adequate-to-good fit to our data, explaining 46.54% of the variance. Factor 1 (labeled as "activity avoidance") comprised items 1, 2, 7, 9, 14, 15, and 17. Factor 2 was labeled as "somatic focus" and comprised items 3, 6, 11, and 13. The 11-item TSK-AV comprised of the 2 factors (TSK-AV-11) as well as its subscales all remained independent significant (Pâ<â.001) predictors of pain disability in Jordanian patients with CLBP after accounting for factors such as age, gender, pain duration, and pain severity.The short, 11-item TSK-AV (TSK-AV-11) appears to be an ideal clinical and research tool for measuring fear of movement/re (injury) in Arabic-speaking patients.
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Árabes/psicologia , Dor Lombar/psicologia , Transtornos Fóbicos/psicologia , Psicometria/métodos , Adulto , Árabes/estatística & dados numéricos , Aprendizagem da Esquiva , Doença Crônica , Avaliação da Deficiência , Análise Fatorial , Medo/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Jordânia/epidemiologia , Dor Lombar/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Movimento , Dor Nociceptiva/diagnóstico , Medição da Dor/métodos , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Returning to work (RTW) is an essential goal for many stroke survivors. Currently, the prevalence of RTW post stroke in developing countries such as Jordan is unknown. Additionally, more research is required to identify factors that contribute to RTW post stroke. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to (1) determine the prevalence of RTW among stroke survivors in Jordan, and (2) determine the predictors of RTW from a holistic perspective using the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF) 3rd edition. METHODS: Recruitment was carried out from different Jordanian hospitals and rehabilitation centers. A complete battery of outcome measures was used to reflect OTPF domains. These included outcome measures of occupations, client factors, performance skills, and context and environment. Logistic regression was used to determine factors that predicted RTW. RESULTS: 69 participants were enrolled; 45 Males, 24 females; mean age±SD, 52.2±11.07 years. Only 29% succeeded in RTW during the first year after stroke onset. The highest percentage of RTW was among craft workers (40% ), and those who were self-employed (60% ). Of those who resumed work, 35% returned to their previous work, while 65% needed to make work modifications, or change positions or jobs. Factors that predicted higher rates of RTW were walking speed (Odds ratio (OR)=0.004, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.00-0.55, Pâ<â0.02), as well as absence of environmental restrictions (ORâ=â21.16, 95% CIâ=â1.91-233.5, Pâ<â0.013). CONCLUSIONS: The alarming low prevalence of RTW among stroke survivors in Jordan emphasizes the essential need to develop vocational rehabilitation programs. Clinicians should pay attention to enhancing walking abilities and reducing environmental restrictions post stroke, in order to improve the occurrence of RTW.
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Retorno ao Trabalho , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Jordânia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , SobreviventesRESUMO
Knowledge of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and its management options affects adherence to treatment, symptoms, and function. Many sociocultural differences exist between Jordan, as a representative of the Middle East, and the developed world which might influence the knowledge of the pathology and its impact on health. Objectives. To explore the knowledge of the pathology and the experience of people diagnosed with knee OA living in Jordan. Methods. Qualitative study design using a triangulation method of both focus groups and in-depth semistructured interviews. Fourteen participants were included (13 females and one male). One focus group and seven in-depth semistructured interviews were conducted. Discussions were audiotaped and transcribed. Framework analysis was used, and data were mapped to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework. Results. The themes are as follows: (1) body functions and structures included two subthemes: physical changes and psychological impact; (2) activity limitation and participation restriction included three subthemes: factors influencing the activities, cultural and social perspectives to activity limitation, and participation restriction; (3) personal factors included three subthemes: knowledge and personal interpretation of disease process, knowledge of management options to relief symptoms, and influence of personal factors on activity and participation; and (4) environmental factors included three subthemes: service delivery process, ineffective communication across the care pathway, and facilitators and barriers. Conclusions. Knowledge of the disease was lacking as a consequence of inappropriate service delivery and culture. Activity limitations and participation restrictions are similar in Jordan to other cultures in addition to limitations in religious, employment, and transportation activities. The results demonstrate that the effect of knee OA varies among different cultures and highlight the role of healthcare professionals worldwide in understanding the impact of culture on health. They also increase the awareness of healthcare professionals, specifically in Jordan, on the limitations in delivered services and the importance of education.
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The object of this study was to detect any possible relation between the current gross motor function score for cerebral palsy children and their physical growth parameters. We measured 71 children with spastic cerebral palsy (35 diplegic, 25 quadriplegic and 11 hemiplegic) and a control group of 80 normal children. Measures taken for cerebral palsy and normal children included stature, weight, head circumference and mid upper-arm circumference, and, additionally for the cerebral palsied children, duration of the disease, birth weight, presence or absence of orofacial dysfunction, distribution of paralysis and degree of spasticity. Motor abilities were measured using the Gross Motor Function Measure. Results showed a significant decrease in the stature, current weight, head circumference and mid upper-arm circumference of both sexes of the quadriplegic children, and significant decreases in the current weight of the diplegic girls and the head circumference of the hemiplegic girls. There were also significant decreases in all scores of the quadriplegic children compared to the diplegic and hemiplegic children. Diplegic children had significantly decreased standing, walking and running, and total scores, compared to the hemiplegic children. Total score at age of testing was independently predicted by the duration of the disease, distribution of paralysis, presence or absence of orofacial dysfunction, spasticity index and the current body weight. Our findings indicate that in spastic cerebral palsy the physical growth parameters were markedly decreased in the quadriplegic form compared to other forms. Only current body weight, from the growth parameters, in addition to other relevant clinical data, can be considered predictors of the current gross motor abilities of those children.
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Paralisia Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Transtornos do Crescimento/fisiopatologia , Antropometria , Braço/anatomia & histologia , Estatura/fisiologia , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cefalometria , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hemiplegia/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Quadriplegia/fisiopatologia , Corrida/fisiologia , Fatores Sexuais , Caminhada/fisiologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to examine bilateral isometric muscle strength (IMS) in right-handed boys. To determine the association between the magnitudes of right handedness (MRH) and (a) the interside difference indexes of IMS of certain muscle categories, (b) age, and (c) some anthropometric characteristics. This was a cross-sectional study. A convenience sample of 94 right-handed boys between 6 and 10 years of age was investigated. The Edinburgh Handedness Inventory was used to evaluate hand dominance and its magnitude. IMS of eight muscle groups was measured and the interside difference was determined. Five interside difference indexes were calculated for the upper limb, lower limb, hand grip, key pinch, and total side. All interside difference indexes of IMS were less than 5%, in favor of the dominant right side. The majority (86.1%) of our boys scored high to moderate MRH, whereas the minority (13.8%) scored low MRH. The hand grip interside difference index (ß=0.40, P=0.000), the key pinch interside difference index (ß=0.23, P=0.003), age (ß=0.24, P=0.034), and height (ß=0.33, P=0.039) are the best set of predictors of the dominance score and in turn the MRH. The results of this study, carried out on right-handed boys aged 6-10 years, indicated a standard difference in IMS between dominant and nondominant sides of all studied muscle strength categories. Furthermore, it was found that the hand grip interside difference index, the key pinch interside difference index, age, and height could influence the MRH.
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Lateralidade Funcional/fisiologia , Mãos/fisiologia , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Peso Corporal , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Força da Mão/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Dinamômetro de Força Muscular , Análise e Desempenho de TarefasRESUMO
AIMS: To investigate the effect of foot wedge and carrying weighted bag on loading the paretic lower limb in children with hemiparetic CP. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: A convenient sample of 18 ambulant children with spastic hemiparetic CP was evaluated. Fifteen matched normal children acted as a control group. METHODS: Using two calibrated scales, measurements of weight supported on each lower limb were obtained under four different standing conditions. RESULTS: During quiet standing, the percentage of weight supported on the paretic limb was 35.59% with symmetry index equals 0.57. Standing with the non-paretic foot is placed on a lateral foot wedge, was the best condition that increased the percentage of weight supported on the paretic limb to 47.18% and improved the symmetry index to 0.90. Non-significant improvement of symmetry index 0.61 was recorded when carrying a weighted bag with the paretic hand, but carrying with the non-paretic hand unnecessarily loads the non-paretic limb and further decreases the symmetry index to 0.49. CONCLUSIONS: Using a lateral foot wedge beneath the non-paretic foot and carrying a weighted bag with the paretic hand improve the loading function of the paretic limb and relief the non-paretic limb from overloading.
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Paralisia Cerebral/reabilitação , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Lateralidade Funcional/fisiologia , Extremidade Inferior/fisiopatologia , Suporte de Carga/fisiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Esforço Físico/fisiologia , Equilíbrio Postural , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
To design a medical decision support system (MDSS) that would accurately predict the rehabilitation protocols prescribed by the physicians for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) using only their demographic and clinical characteristics. The demographic and clinical variables for 170 patients receiving one of three treatment protocols for knee OA were entered into the MDSS. Demographic variables in the model were age and sex. Clinical variables entered into the model were height, weight, BMI, affected side, severity of knee OA, and severity of pain. All patients in the study received one of three treatment protocols for patients with knee OA: (a) hot packs, followed by electrotherapy and exercise, (b) ice packs, followed by ultrasound and exercise and (c) exercise alone. The resilient back propagation artificial neural network algorithm was used, with a ten-fold cross-validation. It was estimated that the MDSS is able to accurately predict the treatment prescribed by the physician for 87% of the patients. We developed an artificial neural network-based decision support system that can viably aid physicians in determining which treatment protocol would best match the anthropometric and clinical characteristics of patients with knee OA.
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Sistemas de Apoio a Decisões Clínicas , Redes Neurais de Computação , Osteoartrite do Joelho/reabilitação , Adulto , Idoso , Estatura , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Protocolos Clínicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reabilitação/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is characterized by pain in combination with sensory, vasomotor, sudomotor, trophic and motor abnormalities. The diagnosis of CRPS is based primarily on clinical criteria and the presence of distinct signs and symptoms. The role of bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of these patients has been limited by its variable sensitivity. In this study, we aim to look if the presence of specific symptoms or symptom subgroups in patients with clinically diagnosed CRPS correlates with scintigraphic findings in bone scan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of patients referred for bone scintigraphy with the clinical diagnosis of CRPS during the period December 2006 until February 2011. Patients were classified into 4 distinct subgroups according to the presence of specific symptoms namely sensory subgroup, sudomotor and/or edema subgroup, vasomotor subgroup and finally motor and/or trophic changes subgroup. We looked specifically for the correlation between these specific symptoms and scintigraphic bone findings. RESULTS: 37 patients were referred for bone scintigraphy with the clinical diagnosis of CRPS and were enrolled in the study. The presence of vasomotor symptoms and (motor and/or trophic changes) was significantly higher in patients with positive bone scintigraphy (P value 0.0133, 0.018 respectively). There was no other statistically significant correlation between the presence of specific symptoms or symptom subgroups on one hand and the result of bone scintigraphy on the other hand. CONCLUSIONS: The probability of positive bone scintigraphy increased significantly in patients with vasomotor symptoms and in patients with motor and/or trophic changes. This may contribute to the reported variability of the diagnostic performance of bone scintigraphy in CRPS patients.
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Osso e Ossos/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndromes da Dor Regional Complexa/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Síndromes da Dor Regional Complexa/patologia , Síndromes da Dor Regional Complexa/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cintilografia , Análise de Regressão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression among Jordanian lower limb amputees with different clinical characteristics and sociodemographic data (gender, marital status, social support, income, type and level of amputation, and occupation). METHODS: Participants were 56 patients with unilateral lower limb amputation with mean duration (8.4 +/- 5.75 years). They were recruited from inpatient and outpatient clinics of Jordan University hospital, Royal Farah Rehabilitation Center, and Al-basheer hospital in Amman, Jordan. Participants responded to a questionnaire that included a battery of questions requesting brief information about sociodemographic variables and characteristics of amputation. The level of depression and anxiety in each participating patient was assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). RESULTS: The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms were 37% and 20%, respectively. Factors associated with high prevalence of psychological symptoms included female gender, lack of social support, unemployment, traumatic amputation, shorter time since amputation, and amputation below the knee. These findings were confirmed by a significant reduction of anxiety and depression scores in patients who received social support, patients with amputation due to disease, and patients with amputation above the knee. Presence of pain and use of prosthesis had no effect on the prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study highlight the high incidence of psychiatric disability and depression in amputees; it also showed the importance of sociodemographic factors in psychological adjustment to amputation. It is suggested that psychiatric evaluation and adequate rehabilitation should form a part of their overall management.