Segmental Withdrawal During Screening Colonoscopy Does Not Increase Adenoma Detection Rate.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare a standard versus segmental withdrawal during screening colonoscopy and its effect on the adenoma detection rate (ADR). METHODS: We performed a single-center clinical trial of average-risk patients 50 years of age and older undergoing screening colonoscopy. Patients were randomized into four groups: a standard withdrawal of at least 6 or 8 minutes and a segmental withdrawal, in which ≥3 or ≥4 minutes were dedicated to the right side of the colon, with a minimum withdrawal time of at least 6 or 8 minutes, respectively. RESULTS: There were 311 patients in the study. There was no difference in ADR between the standard and segmental groups (relative ratio [RR] 0.91, P = 0.50), even after stratifying for right-sided adenomas. During standard withdrawal, an increased continuous withdrawal time was associated with a higher ADR (RR 1.08, P <0.001) and total adenomas per patient (RR 1.12, P < 0.001). A binary analysis of ≥8 minutes or <8 minutes withdrawal was associated with an increased adenomas per colonoscopy (RR 1.86, P = 0.04). These differences were not observed in the segmental group. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, there was no benefit from a segmental withdrawal protocol on ADR, but this may have been the result of the inherent limitations in the study design. After sensitivity analysis, a segmental withdrawal protocol led to an improvement in the detection of adenomas per colonoscopy and polyps per colonoscopy. A larger sample size is needed to confirm these findings.

Duplication of SOX9 associated with 46,XX ovotesticular disorder of sex development.

RESEARCH QUESTION: The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether ten unrelated SRY-negative individuals with this sex differentiation disorder presented a double dose of SOX9 as the cause of their disease. DESIGN: Ten unrelated SRY-negative 46,XX ovotesticular disorder of sexual development (DSD) subjects were molecularly studied. Multiplex-ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and quantitative real-time PCR analysis (qRT-PCR) for SOX9 were performed. RESULTS: The MLPA analysis demonstrated that one patient presented a heterozygous duplication of the entire SOX9 coding region (above 1.3 value of peak ratio), as well as at least a ~ 483 kb upstream duplication. Moreover, no duplication of other SOX9 probes was observed corresponding to the region between -1007 and -1500 kb upstream. A qRT-PCR analysis showed a duplication of at least -581 kb upstream and ~1.63 kb of the coding region that encompasses exon 3. The limits of the duplication were mapped approximately from ~71539762 to 72122741 of Chr17. No molecular abnormalities were found in the remaining nine patients. CONCLUSION: This study is thought to be the first report regarding a duplication of SOX9 that is associated with the presence of 46,XX ovotesticular DSD, encompassing at least -581 kb upstream, and the almost entire coding region of the gene.

[An epidemiological but invisibilized marker: indebtedness within an Afromexican town in Oaxaca]. / Un marcador epidemiológico invisibilizado: el endeudamiento en una población afromexicana de Oaxaca.

OBJECTIVE:: To explore indebtedness dynamics in an Afromexican town by an inclusive epidemiological approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS:: Qualitative study through 75 questionnaires, 20 interviews to depth and six focal groups in a support process to the Municipal Health Commission in Santiago Tapextla, Oaxaca. RESULTS:: Catastrophic expenses due to insufficient medical care were the principal causal item. Indebtedness processes with patrimonial loss are dominant, generating dependence spirals of difficult resolution that impact the familiar dynamics and the pathology evolution. CONCLUSIONS:: In spite of its inexistence within sanitary official programs, indebtedness dynamics constitute an epidemiological marker by the uncovering of structural inattention conditions that reflect the imposed, naturalized and pathogenic hierarchization proper of coloniality. To analyze this process at local and global levels is a complex but essential public health task.

Comparison of brachial artery vascular responses among postmenopausal women receiving different doses of tibolone.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of low and conventional doses of tibolone in brachial artery flux parameters among postmenopausal women. METHODS: Between March 2011 and September 2012, 24 postmenopausal women attending Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital Luis Castelazo Ayala, Mexico City, for hormone replacement therapy were consecutively recruited. The women were alternately assigned to receive a daily dose of either 2.5mg (n=11) or 1.25mg (n=13) of oral tibolone. Before and after treatment, all women underwent a brachial artery Doppler ultrasound. The arterial diameter was measured, and the pulsatility index (PI) and the resistance index (RI) were calculated. A hyperemic stimulus was then induced and these parameters were measured again. RESULTS: Among the 24 women, the time since menopause ranged from 16 to 24 months, and the median treatment duration was 3 months. Both groups showed a significant increase in arterial diameter after treatment. There was no significant difference between the groups in arterial diameter, PI, and RI. The arterial diameter after hyperemic stimulus was significantly lower after treatment than before treatment in both groups. CONCLUSION: Low and conventional doses of tibolone induced similar changes in brachial artery flux parameters among postmenopausal women.

Neurocisticercosis ventricular: manejo multimodal y revisión de la bibliografía / Ventricular neurocysticercosis: multimodal management and bibliographic review

Resumen La neurocisticercosis es la infección parasitaria más común del sistema nervioso central; es causada por Taenia solium en su estado de larva. Se estima que existen millones de personas afectadas en países en desarrollo, es la primera causa de convulsiones y de epilepsia adquirida. Comunicamos el caso de una paciente de 40 años, sin antecedentes importantes, que de forma súbita tuvo pérdida del estado de alerta y datos clínicos de hipertensión intracraneana. En la tomografía axial computada se encontró edema cerebral e hidrocefalia no comunicante, por lo que se le colocó una válvula de derivación ventrículo-peritoneal. El abordaje se complementó con una resonancia magnética en secuencia FIESTA en la que se observó el quiste del cisticerco intraventricular anterior. El abordaje terapéutico multidisciplinario incluyó la extracción del quiste por neuroendoscopia y tratamiento farmacológico con esteroides y cisticidas. La paciente evolucionó favorablemente, con recuperación total del estado de alerta y como única secuela tuvo alteración de la memoria del trabajo. En los últimos años, el desarrollo del tratamiento antiparasitario y de técnicas de neurocirugía mínimamente invasivas ha mejorado el pronóstico de los pacientes.

Abstract Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common parasitic infection of the central nervous system caused by Taenia solium in its larval stage. It is estimated that there are millions of people affected in developing countries, being the first cause of seizures and acquired epilepsy. We present the case of a 40-year-old woman, with no relevant history, who presented sudden loss of alertness and clinical data of intracraneal hypertension, which was confirmed by CT in addition to finding non-communicating hydrocephalus, the patient underwent to the placement of a ventriculo-peritoneal bypass valve without complications and the approach was complemented by a magnetic resonance in a FIESTA sequence in which the cysticercus cyst intraventricular was observed. The patient underwent removal of the cyst by neuroendoscopy and treatment based on steroids and cysticides. The patient evolved favorably, with full recovery of alertness and the only sequelae was the alteration of work memory. In recent years, the development of antiparasitic therapy and minimally invasive neurosurgery techniques has improved the prognosis of patients.

Un marcador epidemiológico invisibilizado: el endeudamiento en una población afromexicana de Oaxaca / An epidemiological but invisibilized marker: indebtedness within an Afromexican town in Oaxaca

Resumen: Objetivo: Explorar las dinámicas de endeudamiento en una población afromexicana desde una perspectiva epidemiológica incluyente. Material y métodos: Estudio cualitativo mediante 75 cuestionarios, 20 entrevistas a profundidad y seis grupos focales en un proceso de acompañamiento a la Comisión Municipal de Salud en Santiago Tapextla, Oaxaca. Resultados: Los gastos catastróficos por requerimientos médicos fueron el principal rubro causal de endeudamiento, acarreando pérdida patrimonial y espirales de dependencia, con impacto en la dinámica familiar y en la evolución de la patología. Conclusiones: A pesar de su soslayo en programas sanitarios oficiales, las dinámicas de endeudamiento constituyen un marcador epidemiológico al develar condiciones de desatención estructural que expresan la jerarquización impuesta, naturalizada y patogénica propia de la colonialidad. Analizar dicho fenómeno a nivel local y global constituye una tarea de salud pública compleja, pero esencial.

Abstract: Objective: To explore indebtedness dynamics in an Afromexican town by an inclusive epidemiological approach. Materials and methods: Qualitative study through 75 questionnaires, 20 interviews to depth and six focal groups in a support process to the Municipal Health Commission in Santiago Tapextla, Oaxaca. Results: Catastrophic expenses due to insufficient medical care were the principal causal item. Indebtedness processes with patrimonial loss are dominant, generating dependence spirals of difficult resolution that impact the familiar dynamics and the pathology evolution. Conclusions: In spite of its inexistence within sanitary official programs, indebtedness dynamics constitute an epidemiological marker by the uncovering of structural inattention conditions that reflect the imposed, naturalized and pathogenic hierarchization proper of coloniality. To analyze this process at local and global levels is a complex but essential public health task.