The utility of genomic public databases to mitochondrial haplotyping in contemporary Mestizo population of Mexican origin.

There are different public databases and open access information that can be exploited to be reused in different research projects. With this concept in mind, we carried out a study to answer the question about the prevalence of haplogroups in human populations of modern Mexico. Since the publication of genomic and mitochondrial data in Latin American populations are very scarce and with very small samples, our work proposes to consider the availability of genomic and genetic data collections that can be reused for other purposes, different from those initially proposed in the investigations where the sequences were obtained. The objective of the present study was to explore the population structure of Mexico using available information in the public database. Through the search of information in the nucleotide database of National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) of complete sequences of mitochondrial genome (16 Kb) of indigenous people, Mexican Mestizo population and Mexican-Americans living in the United States, they were classified according to the polymorphisms associated with haplogroups A, B, C and D reported in the literature as the most frequent. We obtained 283 sequences, of which 255 were selected with the criteria mentioned. The haplotyping results showed 113 different clades and subclades distributed in a general way in eight haplogroups. The most frequent groups that dominate the population were the haplogroup A with 90 individuals representing 36%, followed by haplogroup B in 65 individuals representing 26% of the sample.

High-fat diet exacerbates pain-like behaviors and periarticular bone loss in mice with CFA-induced knee arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to quantify nociceptive spontaneous behaviors, knee edema, proinflammatory cytokines, bone density, and microarchitecture in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice with unilateral knee arthritis. METHODS: ICR male mice were fed either standard diet (SD) or HFD starting at 3 weeks old. At 17 weeks, HFD and SD mice received intra-articular injections either with Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) or saline into the right knee joint every 7 days for 4 weeks. Spontaneous pain-like behaviors and knee edema were assessed for 26 days. At day 26 post-first CFA injection, serum levels of IL-1ß, IL-6, and RANKL were measured by ELISA, and microcomputed tomography analysis of knee joints was performed. RESULTS: HFD-fed mice injected with CFA showed greater spontaneous pain-like behaviors of the affected extremity as well as a decrease in the weight-bearing index compared to SD-fed mice injected with CFA. Knee edema was not significantly different between diets. HFD significantly exacerbated arthritis-induced bone loss at the distal femoral metaphysis but had no effect on femoral diaphyseal cortical bone. HFD did not modify serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS: HFD exacerbates pain-like behaviors and significantly increases the magnitude of periarticular trabecular bone loss in a murine model of unilateral arthritis.

Valoración de las regiones organizadoras nucleares en lesiones melánicas benignas y malignas de piel / Assessment of nucleolar organizer regions in benign and malign melanocytic skin lesions

Se valoraron las regiones organizadoras nucleares (AgNORs), especialmente el número de partículas por núcleo en nevus melanocíticos y en melanomas malignos, y su correlación con los factores pronósticos y la supervivencia. Se estudiaron 29 casos de melanoma maligno en fase de crecimiento vertical (MMFCV),30 nevus melanocíticos (20 intradérmicos y 10 compuestos) y 30 biopsias cutáneas sanas. Se halló que en piel normal y en NM, el número de partículas de AgNORs por célula era, respectivamente, 1,22 ñ 0,41 y 1,35 ñ 0,54 (menos 3 por núcleo), que los AgNORs estaban bien definidos, pequeños e independientes. Los AgNORs por núcleo en los MMFCV mostraba un número de 8,02 ñ 5,31 y su morfología estaba mal definida, mayor tamaño y tendencia a confluir. El número de AgNORs en los MMFCV depende significativamente del espesor (Breslow) y del número de mitosis, pero resulta independiente del nivel infiltrante (Clark) del tumor. El número de AgNORs estaba correlacionado con la supervivencia teórica, pero era independiente de la supervivencia real. Estos resultados sugieren que los AgNORs, especialmente su número y morfología, es un claro indicador diagnóstico y tiene interés como parámetro pronóstico en los MMFCV, es además una técnica rápida, barata y asequible, por lo cual debe incorporarse a la rutina oncológica del melanoma maligno

Absceso cerebral amibiano. Informe de un paciente / Amebie brain abscess: a case report

La amibiasis es una enfermedad parasitaria causada por la Entamoeba histolytica, que afecta principalmente el tracto gastrointestinal provocando síntomas en dicha área (forma intestinal). Puede provocar complicaciones intra y extraintestinales graves, como los abscesos hepáticos y/o pulmonares y en raras ocasiones, abscesos cerebrales lo que representa una complicación tardía. Se informan los hallazgos en un paciente con absceso cerebral amibiano, sin síntomas digestivos o pulmonares. La tomografía computada de cráneo, mostró un área de baja absorción en la región frontotemporal izquierdo con desplazamiento de línea media y edema perilesional difuso, y un anillo hiperdenso bien definido periférico que se diagnosticó como absceso cerebral. El diagnóstico de amibiasis se sospechó durante la cirugía al drenal líquido cremoso achocolatado y se confirmó al encontrar trofozoitos en la pared de la cápsula. El tratamiento se realizó con metronidazol siendo la evolución satisfactoria.