Characterization and biological prospects of various calcined temperature-V2O5 nanoparticles synthesized by Citrus hystrix fruit extract.

In this study, a simple green synthesis of vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles (VNPs) was prepared by the extract of Kaffir lime fruit (Citrus hystrix) as a green reducing and stabilizing agent, along with the investigation of calcination temperature was carried out at 450 and 550 °C. It was affirmed that, at higher temperature (550 °C), the VNPs possessed a high degree crystalline following the construction of (001) lattice diffraction within an increase in crystalline size from 47.12 to 53.51 nm, although the band gap of the materials at 450 °C was lower than that of the VNPs-550 (2.53 versus 2.66 eV, respectively). Besides, the materials were assessed for the potential bioactivities toward antibacterial, antifungal, DNA cleavage, anti-inflammatory, and hemolytic performances. As a result, the antibacterial activity, with minimal inhalation concentration (MIC) < 6.25 µg/mL for both strains, and fungicidal one of the materials depicted the dose-dependent effects. Once, both VNPs exhibited the noticeable efficacy of the DNA microbial damage, meanwhile, the outstanding anti-inflammatory agent was involved with the IC50 of 123.636 and 227.706 µg/mL, accounting for VNPs-450 and VNPs-550, respectively. Furthermore, this study also demonstrated the hemolytic potential of the VNPs materials. These consequences declare the prospects of the VNPs as the smart and alternative material from the green procedure in biomedicine.

Defect-Driven MoS2 Nanosheets toward Enhanced Sensing Sensitivity.

In this study, S-deficient MoS2 was prepared using proton irradiation and then applied as sensing materials for the detection of NO2 gas. First, bulk MoS2 was treated by ultrasonics to produce 2D nanosheets of MoS2, which were subsequently bombarded by a flux of high-energy protons, resulting in the appearance of structural defects throughout MoS2. The proton fluxes were adjusted to different densities of 1 × 1011, 1 × 1012, 1 × 1013, and 1 × 1014 ions/cm2. The effects of proton irradiation on the defects, also referred to as atomic vacancies, were systematically investigated using Raman measurements to locate the E1 2g and A1g modes and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the binding energy of Mo 3d and S 2p orbitals. It was revealed that the density of proton irradiation greatly affects the degree of S atom vacancies in irradiated MoS2, while also enhancing the n-type semiconducting behaviors of MoS2. The vacancy-rich MoS2 was then demonstrated to exhibit a higher response to NO2 gas compared to that of nonirradiated MoS2, showing a 4-fold increase in response within a concentration range from 1 to 20 ppm. These results could pave the way for new approaches to fabricating sensing materials.

Premise setting for sustainable developing adsorption in environmental remediation using graphitic carbon nitride@agar-derived porous carbon composite.

In the adsorption process for wastewater treatment, the adsorbent plays an important role. A composite adsorptive material composed of graphitic carbon nitride and agar-derived porous carbon (CNPC) was fabricated from simple precursors (melamine, thiourea, and agar) and through a facile procedure with different melamine and thiourea ratios. Characterization of CNPC proved a successful formation of a porous structure consisting of mesopores and macropores, wherein CNPC holds distinctive electrochemical (lowered resistance and higher specific capacity) and photochemical properties (lowered bandgap to 2.33 eV) thanks to the combination of graphitic carbon nitride (CN) and agar-derived porous carbon (PC). Inheriting the immanent nature, CNPC was subjected to the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye in an aqueous solution. The highest adsorption capacity was 133 mg/g for CNPC-4 which was prepared using a melamine to thiourea ratio of 4:4 - equivalent to the removal rate of 53.2 % and following the pseudo-I-order reaction rate. The effect of pH points out that pH 7 and 9 were susceptible to maximum removal and pretreatment is not required while the optimal ratio of 7.5 mg of MB and 30 mg of material was also determined to yield the highest performance. Furthermore, the reusability of the material for three consecutive cycles was evaluated based on two methods pyrolysis at 200 °C and photocatalytic degradation by irradiation under visible light. In general, the photocatalytic regeneration pathway is more ample and efficient than pyrolysis in terms of energy efficiency (saving energy over 10 times) and adsorption capacity stability. As a whole, the construction of accessible regenerative and stable adsorbent could be a venturing step into the sustainable development spearhead for industries.