Simultaneous coupling of metal removal and visual detection by nature-inspired polyphenol-amine surface chemistry.

The interplay between polyphenols, amines, and metals has broad implications for surface chemistry, biomaterials, energy storage, and environmental science. Traditionally, polyphenol-amine combinations have been recognized for their ability to form adhesive, material-independent thin layers that offer a diverse range of surface functionalities. Herein, we demonstrate that a coating of tannic acid (TA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) provides an efficient platform for capturing and monitoring metal ions in water. A unique feature of our PEI/TA-coated microbeads is the 'Detection-Capture' (Detec-Ture) mechanism. The galloyl groups in TA coordinate with Fe(III) ions (capture), initiating their oxidation to gallol-quinone. These oxidized groups subsequently react with PEI amines, leading to the formation of an Fe(II/III)-gallol-PEI network that produces a vivid purple color, thereby enabling visual detection. This mechanism couples metal capture directly with detection, distinguishing our approach from existing studies, which have either solely focused on metal removal or metal detection. The metal capturing capacity of our materials stands at 0.55 mg g-1, comparable to that of established materials like alginate and wollastonite. The detection sensitivity reaches down to 0.5 ppm. Our findings introduce a novel approach to the utility of metal-polyphenol-amine networks, presenting a new class of materials suited for simultaneous metal ion detection and capture in environmental applications.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity, dietary behaviors, and physical activities among sixth graders: a cross-sectional study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents has been increasing worldwide and is a significant public health challenge. Obesity is linked to several non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity based on three growth references and described physical activities and dietary patterns among sixth graders in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). From 2018 to 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 1375 students from 16 junior high schools in HCMC. We applied Probability Proportional to Size sampling to select schools. Anthropometric measurements, pubertal status assessment, and diet and physical activity data were collected through Food Frequency and Physical Activity Questionnaires. The study revealed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among grade 6 students, with ∼45%-56% of students classified as overweight or obese using various growth references. Moreover, most students did not meet the World Health Organization's physical activity and sedentary behavior recommendations. Most students spent <60 min/day on moderate to vigorous physical activity, and over 70% spent at least 120 min/day on sedentary activities during weekdays and weekends. The diet of the students was also imbalanced, with high intakes of protein, lipids, and carbohydrates and low consumption of fruits and vegetables. Nutritionists and policymakers should inform and encourage opportunities for healthier food and more daily activity for children, starting before the sixth-grade, so they can learn how to make healthier choices and change their behavior before they reach adolescence.

Identifying depression, diabetes distress, and suicidality among adolescents with diabetes.

This study explored the frequency of adolescents with diabetes who endorse suicidality on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) with varying degrees of depression scores. Additionally, compared whether diabetes distress levels from the Problem Areas in Diabetes-Teen (PAID-T) assessment tool is associated with and without suicidal ideation. Χ2 analysis was used to assess differences in subjects with or without suicidal ideation based on depression severity. Since all the data were nonparametrically distributed (Shapiro-Wilk test, p < .05), Kruskal-Wallis test assessed differences in continuous variables. Overall, 27 of 355 adolescents screened endorsed suicidal ideation. Both PHQ-9 [13 (9-17.8) vs 1 (0-4.5)] and PAID-T [88 (61.8-104.5) vs 40 (30-58.8)] scores were significantly higher in patients with suicidal ideation. The frequency of suicidal ideation increased with the severity of depression. The frequency of severe depression was higher in adolescents with type 2 diabetes (n = 48) than in type 1, but there was no difference in suicidality. Adolescents with no demonstrable or minimal depression can still have potential suicidal ideation. Suicidality is a separate construct that should be screened routinely and apart from any measures screening for distress or adjustment disorders associated with adolescents experiencing life-long chronic conditions in a healthcare follow-up setting.

Different prognostic role of EGFR mutation according to the IASLC histological grade in patients with resected early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.

AIMS: The prognostic role of EGFR mutations remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of EGFR mutation in consideration of the IASLC histological grade in patients with resected early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 3297 patients with stages I-IIA resected lung adenocarcinoma who had had EGFR mutation tests between January 2014 and December 2019 at the Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea were included. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was compared by EGFR mutation status (EGFR-M+ versus EGFR-WT) and IASLC histological grade (G1, G2 and G3). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the adjusted HRs (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Compared to the EGFR-WT group, the EGFR-M+ group had a significantly lower proportion of G3 tumour (16 versus 33%, P < 0.001). During a median follow-up of 41.4 months, 376 patients experienced recurrence. After adjusting for histological grade, the aHR for recurrence comparing the EGFR-M+ to the EGFR-WT was 1.30 (95% CI = 1.04-1.62, P = 0.022). The EGFR-M+ group had a significantly lower 5-year RFS than the EGFR-WT group among G3 patients (58.4 versus 71.5%, P < 0.001), but not among G1 and G2 patients. CONCLUSIONS: EGFR mutation status was associated with a risk of recurrence after consideration of the IASLC histological grading, especially in G3 tumours. The results of this study would be useful for developing a new staging system and identifying a subset of patients who may benefit from adjuvant targeted therapy.

Energy intakes, macronutrient intakes and the percentages of energy from macronutrients with adolescent BMI: results from a 5-year cohort study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a period of life when dietary patterns and nutrient intakes may greatly influence adult fatness. This study assesses the tracking of energy and nutrient intakes of Ho Chi Minh City adolescents over 5 years. It explores the possible relationships between energy and the percentage of energy from macronutrients with BMI. METHODS: Height, weight, time spent on physical activity, screen time and dietary intakes were collected annually between 2004 and 2009 among 752 junior high school students with a mean age of 11·87 years at baseline. The tracking was investigated using correlation coefficients and weighted kappa statistics (k) for repeated measurements. Mixed effect models were used to investigate the association between energy intakes and percentage energy from macronutrients with BMI. RESULTS: There were increases in the mean BMI annually, but greater in boys than in girls. Correlation coefficients (0·2 < r < 0·4) between participants' intakes at baseline and 5-year follow-up suggest moderate tracking. Extended kappa values were lowest for energy from carbohydrate (CHO) in both girls and boys (k = 0·18 & 0·24, respectively), and highest for protein in girls (k = 0·47) and fat in boys (k = 0·48). The multilevel models showed the following variables significantly correlated with BMI: CHO, fat, percentage of energy from CHO, fat, time spent for moderate to vigorous physical activity, screen time, age and sex. CONCLUSIONS: The poor to fair tracking observed in this cohort suggests that individual dietary patterns exhibited in the first year are unlikely to predict energy and nutrient intakes in the fifth year.

Results from Viet Nam's 2022 report card on physical activity for children and youth.

Background: The Active Healthy Kids 2022 Viet Nam Report Card provides an evidence-based assessment of 10 indicators of community and government-led initiatives that impact the physical activity levels of children and youth in Vietnam. Methods: A systematic framework developed by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance was used. Each indicator: Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport Participation, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behaviors, Physical Fitness, Family and Peers, School, Community and Environment, and Government, and a new indicator: Obesity was assessed against predefined benchmarks. EBSCOhost databases and Google Scholar were searched for relevant academic and grey literature (e.g., government reports) respectively to inform indicator grading. Results: The School indicator received the highest grade 'A', followed by the Government indicator which was graded as 'B-'. Three indicators (Sedentary Behaviors, Family and Peers, Community and Environment) received 'C' grades. Active Transportation was graded 'D+'. Overall Physical Activity received the lowest grade of 'F'. Organized Sport and Physical Activity, Active Play, and Physical Fitness were not graded due to lack of data. Obesity was graded B-. Conclusions: This is the first physical activity report card for children and adolescents in Viet Nam. Evidence suggests that Vietnamese children and adolescents have low physical activity levels and high levels of sedentary behaviors. Initiatives to promote physical activity in children predominantly focus on promoting physical education in schools. Increased community-based programs promoting physical activity outside of school settings are required. Future research should address the surveillance gap in Organized Sport and Physical Activity, Active Play, and Physical Fitness.

[Effect and mechanism of ubiquitin-like protein FAT10 on Angâ ¡ induced endothelial cell inflammation].

Objective: To investigate the role and related mechanism of ubiquitin-like protein FAT10 in the angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ)-induced endothelial cell inflammatory responses. Methods: The Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of FAT10 in 16-weeks old WKY rat carotid artery, thoracic aorta artery, renal artery and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). The optimal concentration and stimulation time of AngⅡ on inducing the highest FAT10 in HUVEC were determined. The following plasmids were constructed: control plasmid, overexpression FAT10 plasmid (Flag-FAT10), invalid interference plasmid, and interference FAT10 plasmid (sh-FAT10). These plasmids were then transfected into HUVEC cells and divided into following groups: control group, Flag-FAT10 group, invalid interference group, and sh-FAT10 group. After culturing with 100 nmol/L AngⅡ for 36 h, the control group and the Flag-FAT10 group were treated with reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine ​​(NAC), the protein expression levels of the inflammatory factor monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured. Laser confocal microscopy was used to detect the generation levels of reactive oxygen species in the cells of vrious groups. Results: FAT10 was expressed in carotid artery, thoracic aorta, and renal artery of normal blood pressure rats and expressed in HUVEC, VSMC, MDA-MB-231. The expression level of FAT10 gradually increased in proportion to the increase of the time and concentration of AngⅡ stimulation in HUVEC, and the expression level of FAT10 was the highest when the HUVEC was treated with 100 nmol/L AngⅡ for 36 h (P<0.01). The protein expression level of MCP-1 (P<0.001) and TNF-α (P<0.01) was higher in AngⅡ treated HUVEC with FAT10 overexpression, while the expression level of MCP-1 and TNF-α protein was lower in AngⅡ treated HUVEC with FAT10 knockdown (all P<0.01). The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was significantly increased with FAT10 overexpression (P<0.001), and the level of ROS was decreased when the expression of FAT10 was interfered (P<0.05). The increased level of MCP-1 and TNF-α proteins in FAT10 overexpressed HUVEC was reversed by NAC (all P<0.05). Conclusion: FAT10 promotes the release of inflammatory factors induced by AngⅡ in endothelial cells by increasing the level of intracellular ROS production.

Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Acutely Poisoned Pediatric Patients in United States: A Retrospective Analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Registry From 2003 to 2019.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the management of pediatric poisoning in the United States and to identify predictors of mortality. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Data reported to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization by 76 U.S. ECMO centers from 2003 to 2019. PATIENTS: Pediatric patients (0-18 yr) receiving ECMO for poisoning. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: During our study period, 86 cases of acute poisoning were identified and included in the analysis. The median age was 12.0 year and 52.9% were female. The most commonly reported substance exposures were hydrocarbon (n = 17; 19.8%), followed by chemical asphyxiants (n = 14; 16.3%), neuroactive agents (n = 14; 16.3%), opioid/analgesics (n = 13; 15.1%), and cardiovascular agents (n = 12; 14.0%). Single substance exposures were reported in 83.7% of the cases. The intention of the exposure was unknown in 65.1%, self-harm in 20.9% and 10.5% was unintentional exposure. Fifty-six patients (65.1%) survived. Venoarterial ECMO was used more frequently than venovenous ECMO, and its use increased significantly during the study period (p < 0.01). A bimodal distribution of ECMO support was observed among two age groups: less than or equal to 3 years (n = 34) and 13-17 years (n = 41). Hemodynamic and metabolic parameters improved for all patients with ECMO. Persistent systolic hypotension, acidemia/metabolic acidosis, and elevated Pao2) after 24 hours of ECMO support were associated with mortality. Time from PICU admission to ECMO cannulation was not significantly different between survivors (24.0 hr; interquartile range [IQR], 11.0-58.0 hr) and nonsurvivors (30.5 hr; IQR, 10.0-60.2 hr; p = 0.58). ECMO duration and PICU length of stay were significantly longer in survivors than in nonsurvivors (139.5 vs 70.5 hr; p = 0.007 and 25.0 vs 4.0 d; p = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: ECMO may improve the hemodynamic and metabolic status of poisoned pediatric patients. Persistent hypotension, acidemia/acidosis, and elevated Pao2 after 24 hours of ECMO were associated with mortality.

Effectiveness of peer-led programs for overweight and obesity in children: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Child health promotion has used peer-led interventions for decades, but their effectiveness for childhood obesity is unknown. This review assesses the effectiveness of peer-led interventions on child and adolescent obesity using a range of adiposity outcomes. We included studies that used a peer-led approach for delivering behavior change communications with a minimum intervention duration of four weeks. Studies needed to report results for any of the outcomes: BMI, BMI z-score or BMI percentile. The review included 14 studies of moderate to high quality from high-income countries. A meta-analysis involving 2506 children from 9 studies showed that programs were effective with a mean difference in BMI of -0.15 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval [-0.26, -0.03]), p = 0.01. Heterogeneity was low (I2 = 28%, p = 0.19) for children in the intervention group. The mean difference varied with subgroups with significantly greater effects from interventions that focused on physical activity alone or with longer duration of implementation. Sensitivity analysis showed similar significant findings to the primary meta-analysis. We found moderately strong evidence to support the advantageous effect of peer-led interventions for obesity prevention in children and adolescents. However, given the small number of studies included, and possible reporting bias, the results must be interpreted cautiously.

Effect of baseline physical activity on the fat gain of adolescents in a 5-year cohort study in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.

Differences in physical activity (PA) might lead to long-term weight control. Studies on inverse relations between PA and changes in fatness among adolescents are limited. This paper examined the effect of PA on adolescents' changing body fatness over 5 years in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). Two hundred thirty-five boys and 247 girls who have had skinfold thickness measurements in the baseline survey in 2004 were selected to follow yearly. We estimated PA as the average number of accelerometers' counts/h. Slopes of triceps, sub-scapular skinfolds and BMI were calculated and classified as increasing or stable/decreasing. To assess the effects of the low level of activity (i.e. below the median of the average number of counts) on the fat gain (i.e. increasing slopes), relative risk and 95 % CI were estimated using Poisson regression. The average number of counts/h in boys (7·8) was significantly higher than that in girls (5·0) (P < 0·001). On average, active girls still gained 0·51 mm in triceps skinfold (TSF) over 5 years, while active boys lost 0·12 mm. After controlling for baseline energy intake, baseline triceps and baseline age, inactive adolescents were 1·39 times higher than active ones to increase the slope of triceps (95 % CI 1·19, 1·63). The risk ratio was 1·62 for those with more body fat at baseline. In general, inactive students gained substantially more subcutaneous fat, especially in their TSF, than more active ones. Thus, strategies to prevent adolescent obesity in HCMC should consider the important role of PA to control this problem in adolescents effectively.

[Analysis of clinical outcome of synchronous micro-dissection testicular sperm extraction and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in male infertility with Y chromosome azoospermia factor c region deletion].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical treatment results of male infertility caused by Y chromosome azoospermia factor c region(AZFc) deletion after synchronous micro-dissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and to guide the treatment of infer- tile patients caused by AZFc deletion. METHODS: The clinical data of infertile patients with AZFc deletion who underwent synchronous micro-TESE in Peking University Third Hospitalfrom January 2015 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical outcomes of ICSI in the patients who successfully obtained sperm were followed up and we compared the outcomes between the first and second synchronous procedures, including fertilization rate, high-quality embryo rate, clinical pregnancy rate, abortion rate and live birth rate. RESULTS: A total of 195 male infertile patients with AZFc deletion underwent micro-TESE. Fourteen patients were cryptozoospermia and their sperms were successfully obtained in all of them during the operation, and the sperm retrieval rate (SRR) was 100%(14/14). The remaining 181 cases were non obstructive azoospermia, and 122 cases were successfully found the sperm, the SRR was 67.4%(122/181). The remaining 59 patients with NOA could not found mature sperm during micro-TESE, accounting for 32.6% (59/181). We followed up the clinical treatment outcomes of the patients with successful sperm retrieved by synchronous micro-TESE and 99 patients were enrolled in the study. A total of 118 micro-TESE procedures and 120 ICSI cycles were carried out. Finally 38 couples successfully gave birth to 22 male and 22 female healthy infants, with a cumulative live birth rate of 38.4% (38/99). In the fresh-sperm ICSI cycle of the first and second synchronous operation procedures, the high-quality embryo rate, clinical pregnancy rate of the fresh embryo transfer cycle and live birth rate of the oocyte retrieve cycle were 47.7% vs. 50.4%, 40.5% vs. 50.0%, and 28.3% vs. 41.2%, respectively. The second operation group was slightly higher than that of the first synchronous operation group, but there was no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION: Male infertility patients caused by AZFc deletion have a high probability of successfully obtaining sperm in testis through micro-TESE for ICSI and give birth to their own offspring with their own biological characteristics. For patients who failed in the first synchronous procedure, they still have the opportunity to successfully conceive offspring through reoperation and ICSI.

Re-estimation of basic reproduction number of COVID-19 based on the epidemic curve by symptom onset date.

Previous studies have reported the basic reproduction number (R0) of coronavirus disease from publicly reported data that lack information such as onset of symptoms, presence of importations or known super-spreading events. Using data from the Republic of Korea, we illustrated how estimates of R0 can be biased and provided improved estimates with more detailed data. We used COVID-19 contact trace system in Korea, which can provide symptom onset date and also serial intervals between contacted people. The total R0 was estimated as 2.10 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.84-2.42). Also, early transmission of COVID-19 differed by regional or social behaviours of the population. Regions affected by a specific church cluster, which showed a rapid and silent transmission under non-official religious meetings, had a higher R0 of 2.40 (95% CI 2.08-2.77).

Targeting the Spleen as an Alternative Site for Hematopoiesis.

Bone marrow is the main site for hematopoiesis in adults. It acts as a niche for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and contains non-hematopoietic cells that contribute to stem cell dormancy, quiescence, self-renewal, and differentiation. HSC also exist in resting spleen of several species, although their contribution to hematopoiesis under steady-state conditions is unknown. The spleen can however undergo extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) triggered by physiological stress or disease. With the loss of bone marrow niches in aging and disease, the spleen as an alternative tissue site for hematopoiesis is an important consideration for future therapy, particularly during HSC transplantation. In terms of harnessing the spleen as a site for hematopoiesis, here the remarkable regenerative capacity of the spleen is considered with a view to forming additional or ectopic spleen tissue through cell engraftment. Studies in mice indicate the potential for such grafts to support the influx of hematopoietic cells leading to the development of normal spleen architecture. An important goal will be the formation of functional ectopic spleen tissue as an aid to hematopoietic recovery following clinical treatments that impact bone marrow. For example, expansion or replacement of niches could be considered where myeloablation ahead of HSC transplantation compromises treatment outcomes.

Protective immunity in recurrent Staphylococcus aureus infection reflects localized immune signatures and macrophage-conferred memory.

Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of skin and skin structure infection (SSSI), a primary portal of entry for invasive infection. Our prior studies discovered a role for protective innate memory against recurrent methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) SSSI. In the present study, the dynamics and mechanisms of this response were explored in recurrent SSSI in WT mice. Priming by prior infection reduced skin lesion severity and MRSA burden, and protected against dissemination at day 7 but not day 2. Cytokine and cellular signatures in SSSI differed at day 2 versus 7, and were distinct in skin versus blood or spleen. Cytokines associated with protection in skin included increased IL-17, IL-6, monokine inducible by IFN-γ (MIG), and RANTES, while increased IP-10 correlated with protection from dissemination. Cellular signatures of protection included increased Th17, M1 macrophage, and dendritic cell populations in abscesses, and total macrophages in lymph nodes. Priming potentiated S. aureus-specific phagocytic killing by bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro, and their adoptive transfer into naïve skin afforded protective efficacy in vivo. Present findings indicate that protective immunity in recurrent S. aureus infection is locally targeted, and involves specific memory conferred by macrophages. These insights provide targets for vaccine and immunotherapeutic development against MRSA.

[Comparison of two methods for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in male reproductive tract].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of clinical application of simultaneous amplification and testing of RNA (SAT-RNA) for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) by comparing with the polymerase chain reaction testing of DNA (PCR-DNA) method. METHODS: Specimens from both urethra swab and the first avoid urine which should be at least one hour after the previous urination were collected from 163 men who were scheduled for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment due to female factors at Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University during the period of April 2016 to April 2017. Among the 163 men, 109 simultaneously provided semen that was collected after 3-7 days of sexual abstinence for the testing. Urine and semen specimens were detected for CT and UU with SAT-RNA, while urethra swab specimens were detected for CT and UU with standard PCR-DNA. Detection results of the SAT-RNA were compared with those of the PCR-DNA method. RESULTS: The positive rate of UU in the urethra swab detected with PCR-DNA and that of UU in the urine with SAT-RNA were 47.24% and 47.85%, respectively, and the coincidence rate was 93.25%. In addition, the positive and negative coincidence rates were 93.51% and 93.02%, respectively, and the concordance between the two methods was very good (Kappa=0.865). On the other hand, the positive rate of CT in the swab specimen tested with PCR-DNA was 3.07% and that of CT in urine with SAT-RNA was 4.29%, and the coincidence rate was 97.55%. Moreover, the positive and negative coincidence rates were 80.00% and 98.10%, respectively, and the concordance between the two methods was good (Kappa=0.654). Regarding SAT-RNA detection of UU in the urine and semen specimen of the 109 patients, the positive rates of UU in the urine and semen specimens were 50.46% and 44.95%, respectively; and the coincidence rate between the two specimens was 88.99%. In addition, the positive coincidence rate and the negative coincidence rate was 93.88% and 85.00%, respectively, and the concordance between the two specimens was good (Kappa=0.780). Similarly, SAT-RNA detection of CT in the urine and semen specimens showed the positive rate was 5.50% and 3.67%, respectively; and the two specimens showed 98.17% coincidence rate. The positive and negative coincidence rates were 100.00% and 98.10%, respectively, and the concordance was also good (Kappa=0.791). CONCLUSION: SAT-RNA detection of CT and UU in the urine specimen showed good concordance with the PCR-DNA detection of CT and UU in the urethra swab specimen. In addition, the concordance was also good between the urine and semen specimens detected with SAT-RNA. These results indicate that, as a less invasive and equally accurate procedure, SAT-RNA may be more suitable for clinical application.

[Clinical analysis of testicular rhabdomyosarcoma].

Testicular rhabdomyosarcoma is relatively rare in testicular tumors, but the age of patient is relatively young and the degree of malignancy is high. Therefore, this article introduces 4 cases of testicular rhabdomyosarcoma who were admitted to Peking University Third Hospital from May 1994 to February 2019, and reviews the literature to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. The average age of the 4 patients was 17.5 years (14-21 years), the average hospital stay was 22.0 d (17-31 d), and the average body mass index was 19.6 kg/m2 (14.7-25.8 kg/m2). All the patients underwent routine preoperative blood and urine routine, biochemical tests, as well as serum tumor markers. Preoperative examinations also included chest radiograph, electrocardiogram, ultrasound of the scrotum and groin, and abdominal enhanced CT. Lung CT or other examinations were performed if necessary. The median serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) of the 4 patients was 0.20 IU/L (0.06-0.86 IU/L) (all normal), and the median serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was 1.03 g/L (0.65-1.66 g/L) (all normal). The average maximum diameter of the tumor was 10.0 cm (4.5-15.0 cm). Testicular rhabdomyosarcoma was mainly diagnosed by pathology. The main treatment was radical orchiectomy combined with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, with or without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The clinical manifestations of the patients with testicular rhabdomyosarcoma had no specific characteristics, but most patients were young at onset with mainly painless masses in the testicles, which were already large when they were found. Patients with testicular rhabdomyosarcoma have a poor prognosis, most of whom recur within two years. Because of the small number of cases of testicular rhabdomyosarcoma, there is no standard treatment currently. It is recommended that patients with testicular rhabdomyosarcoma undergo radical testicular resection combined with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic factor, and patients with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy can still survive for a longer time. If local recurrence or limited metastasis is found after operation, local resection and salvage radiotherapy are feasible.

[Genetic analysis of three cases of acephalic spermatozoa syndrome caused by SUN5 mutation and the outcome of assisted reproductive technology].

To explore the genetic causes of 3 male infertility patients with acephalospermia and the outcome of assisted reproductive technology. Clinical diagnosis, sperm morphology examination, sperm transmission electron microscopy examination were performed on 3 patients, and the whole exome sequencing technology was used for screening, Sanger sequencing verification, mutation pathogenicity analysis, and protein sequence homology comparison. Assisted reproductive technology was implemented to assist pregnancy treatment. The 3 patients were all sporadic infertile men, aged 25, 42 and 26 years, and there was no obvious abnormality in the general physical examination. Male external genitalia developed normally, bilateral testicles were normal in volume, and bilateral epididymis and spermatic vein were palpated without nodules, cysts, and tenderness. Repeated semen analysis showed that a large number of immature sperm could be seen, and they had the ability to move. The SUN5 gene of the 3 male infertile patients was a case of homozygous missense mutation c.7C>T (p.Arg3Trp), a case of compound heterozygous missense mutation c.1067G>A (p.Arg356His) and nonsense mutation c.216G>A (p.Trp72*) and a case of homozygous missense mutation c.1043A>T (p.Asn348Ile), of which c.7C>T (p.Arg3Trp) and c.1067G>A (p.Arg356His) were new variants that had not been reported. SIFT, Mutation Taster and PolyPhen-2 software function prediction results were all harmful, the nonsense mutation c.216G>A (p.Trp72*) led to the premature termination of peptide chain synthesis which might have a greater impact on protein function. The homology regions in the protein sequence homology alignment were all highly conserved.The 3 male patients and their spouses obtained 4 biological offspring through intracytoplasmic sperm injection, all of which were boys, and one of them was a twin.Three male infertile patients might be caused by SUN5 gene mutations. Such patients could obtain their biological offspring through assisted reproductive technology. It was still necessary to pay attention to the genetic risk of ASS, it was recommended that both men and women conduct genetic counseling and screening at the same time. In clinical diagnosis, whole exome sequencing technology could be used to perform auxiliary examinations to determine the treatment plan and assisted reproductive methods as soon as possible to reduce the burden on the family and society. The newly discovered mutation sites of SUN5 gene provided clues and directions for elucidating the pathogenic mechanism, and at the same time expanded the pathogenic mutation spectrum of ASS.

[Prevalence of CYP2C19 gene mutations in patients with coronary heart disease and its biological activation effect in clopidogrel antiplatelet response].

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of CYP2C19 gene mutations on clopidogrel antiplatelet activity in the patients with coronary heart disease treated by percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: Patients with coronary heart disease, who hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from March 2011 to June 2019, and healthy individuals with matching genetic background, gender, and age as controls were included in this study. Basic clinical data were analyzed and blood samples of all research subjects were obtained for extraction of DNA, and Sanger first-generation sequencing method was used to detect CYP2C19 gene mutation from full exon and exon and intron junction. CYP2C19 gene variations in patients with coronary heart disease were compared with the 1000 Genomes Browse database and the sequencing results of healthy controls to determine whether the gene variation was a genetic mutation or a genetic polymorphism. After that, PolyPhen-2 prediction software was used to analyze the harmfulness of gene mutations to predict the effect of mutations on protein function. The same dose of CYP2C19 wild-type plasmid and the CYP2C19 gene mutant plasmids were transfected into human normal liver cells HL-7702. After transfection of 24 h, the expression of CYP2C19 protease in each group was detected. The liver S9 protein was incubated with clopidogrel, acted on platelets to detect the platelet aggregation rate and the activity of human vasodilator-activated phosphoprotein (VASP). Results: A total of 1 493 patients with coronary heart disease (59.36%) were enrolled, the average age was (64.5±10.4) years old, of which 1 129 were male (75.62%). Meanwhile, 1 022 healthy physical examination volunteers (40.64%) were enrolled, and the average age was (64.1±11.0) years old, of which 778 were male (76.13%). A total of 5 gene mutations of CYP2C19 gene were identified in 12 patients (0.80%), namely, 4 known mutations T130K (1 case), M136K (6 cases), N277K (3 cases), V472I (1 case) and one new mutation G27V (1 case), no corresponding gene mutation was found in healthy controls. It was found that T130K and M136K were probably damaging, G27V was possibly damaging, and N277K and V472I were benign mutations. In vitro, we demonstrated that the platelet aggregation rate of the M136K gene mutation group was 24.83% lower than that of the wild type (59.58% vs. 34.75%; P<0.05), and the phosphorylated VASP level was 23.0% higher than that of the wild type (1.0 vs. 1.23; P<0.05). However, the platelet aggregation rate and phosphorylated VASP level were similar between of G27V, T130K, N277K, V472I gene mutation groups and wild type group (P>0.05). Conclusions: In this study, 5 gene mutations are defined in patients with coronary heart disease, namely G27V, T130K, M136K, N277K, V472I. In vitro functional studies show that CYP2C19 gene mutation M136K, as a gain-of-function gene mutation, can enhance the activation of CYP2C19 enzyme on clopidogrel, thereby inhibiting the platelet aggregation rate.

Association between time to treatment and functional outcomes according to the Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score in endovascular stroke therapy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The rate at which the chance of a good outcome of endovascular stroke therapy (EVT) decays with time when eligible patients are selected by baseline diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI-MRI) and whether ischaemic core size affects this rate remain to be investigated. METHODS: This study analyses a prospective multicentre registry of stroke patients treated with EVT based on pretreatment DWI-MRI that was categorized into three groups: small [Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (DWI-ASPECTS)] (8-10), moderate (5-7) and large (<5) cores. The main outcome was a good outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale 0-2). The interaction between onset-to-groin puncture time (OTP) and DWI-ASPECTS categories regarding functional outcomes was investigated. RESULTS: Ultimately, 985 patients (age 69 ± 11 years; male 55%) were analysed. Potential interaction effects between the DWI-ASPECTS categories and OTP on a good outcome at 90 days were observed (Pinteraction  = 0.06). Every 60-min delay in OTP was associated with a 16% reduced likelihood of a good outcome at 90 days amongst patients with large cores, although no associations were observed amongst patients with small to moderate cores. Interestingly, the adjusted rates of a good outcome at 90 days steeply declined between 65 and 213 min of OTP and then remained smooth throughout 24 h of OTP (Pnonlinearity  = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the probability of a good outcome after EVT nonlinearly decreased, with a steeper decline at earlier OTP than at later OTP. Discrepant effects of OTP on functional outcomes by baseline DWI-ASPECTS categories were observed. Thus, different strategies for EVT based on time and ischaemic core size are warranted.

A multicentre comparative study between laparoscopic and open surgery for intussusception in adults.

AIM: Intussusception in adults is rare and requires surgery in most cases. While abdominal laparoscopic surgery (LS) is becoming more popular, there are few reports on the outcomes of adult intussusception treated with LS. This study compared the feasibility of LS vs open surgery (OS) for adult intussusception. METHOD: We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of adult patients with intussusception from three tertiary hospitals between 2000 and 2016. The patients were divided into LS and OS groups, and their surgical outcomes were compared. RESULTS: Surgery was indicated in 71 patients with intussusception (41 LS and 30 OS). The median age of the patients was 49.0 and 51.5 years in the LS and OS groups, respectively (P = 0.930). Overall, nine (12.7%) patients had a negative laparotomy or laparoscopy with spontaneous reduction of the intussusception. Conversion to OS from LS was necessary in one patient (2.4%). The operative time and intra-operative and postoperative complication rates were not significantly different. However, there were more serious complications such as bowel perforation and major vessel injury in the LS group. The patients in the LS group had a shorter time to first food intake and hospital stay vs patients in the OS group (4.0 vs 6.0 days, P < 0.001, and 7.0 vs 10.5 days, P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: LS may be feasible for adult intussusception; there may be more severe intra-operative complications than in OS.