RESUMO
Insomnia is one of the most common health problems and has recently been re-termed 'Disorders of initiating and Maintaining Sleep', or DIMS. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between daily psychosocial stressors, to which workers are exposed in occupational and/or private life, and insomnia among male industrial workers in a medium-sized company located in Nagasaki City, Japan. All of the workers in the company (n = 368, male = 319) were asked to answer six sleep related questions and 24 questions about working and private conditions. Two hundred and seventy-one (85.0%) of them completed the questionnaire (average age was 40.9 years old). Twenty seven point seven per cent of the subjects complained of insomnia in the last month prior to the survey and the prevalence was in general accord with previous surveys. On the other hand, the proportion of hypnotic use (1.1%), especially in insomniac group (2.7%) was lower than previous reports. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that four psychosocial factors were significantly associated with insomnia: i.e. VDT work overload (odds ratio [OR] 5.058; 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] 2.381-10.745), limited space of bedroom (OR 2.612; 95% CI 1.283-5.683), over-involvement in job (OR 2.78; 95% CI 1.188-6.540), frequent alcohol beverages consumption (OR 2.595; CI 1.77-5.719).
Assuntos
Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/epidemiologia , Adulto , Criança , Saúde da Família , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Profissionais/psicologia , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/psicologia , Local de TrabalhoRESUMO
A questionnaire survey was carried out among 1041 students in secondary schools and colleges in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania to evaluate the relationship between HIV-risky sexual behaviour and anti-condom bias, as well as with AIDS-related information, knowledge, perceptions and attitudes. Self-reportedly, 54% of students (75% of the boys and 40% of the girls) were sexually active, 39% had a regular sexual partner and 13% had multiple partners in the previous year. The condom use rate was higher than previous reports. However, 30% of sexually active respondents did not always use condoms (Risk-1 behaviour) and 35% of those with multiple partners in the previous year did not always use condoms (Risk-2 behaviour). Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that 'sex partner hates condom' had association with both Risk-1 behaviour (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.58-3.85) and Risk-2 behaviour (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.10-5.48). 'Use of condom prevents HIV infection' also had association with both Risk-1 behaviour (OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.19-3.67) and Risk-2 behaviour (OR 3.73; 95% CI 1.28-11.03). Students engaging in risky behaviour were aware of the risk, even though they failed to change their behaviour. Reasons for the AIDS epidemic among Tanzanian students and the importance of more effective AIDS education are also discussed.
PIP: Tanzania has reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) the largest number of AIDS cases of any country in Africa. As of the end of November 1996, 82,174 AIDS cases had been officially reported to WHO, although the Tanzanian Ministry of Health estimated that about 400,000 people in Tanzania had AIDS at the end of 1995. 419 male and 622 female students aged 16-24 years in secondary schools and colleges in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, answered questionnaires during March-April 1996 in a study conducted to evaluate the relationship between HIV risky sexual behavior and anti-condom attitudes, as well as with AIDS-related information, knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes. Self-reportedly, 75% of the boys and 40% of the girls were sexually active, 54% of the sample overall. 39% had a regular sex partner and 13% had multiple partners in the previous year. 30% of the sexually active respondents and 35% of those with multiple sex partners did not always use condoms when having sex. Multiple regression analysis found that the belief that a sex partner hates condoms was positively associated with inconsistent condom use. Belief in the use of a condom to prevent HIV infection was also associated with inconsistent use. While these students were aware of their risk in having unprotected sexual intercourse, they failed to adopt risk reduction behavior.