[Sentinel lymph node examination in breast carcinoma in situ]. / Vysetrení sentinelové uzliny u in situ karcinomu prsu.

INTRODUCTION: Breast carcinoma in situ is defined as non-invasive form of carcinoma. However, we can see infiltration of sentinel lymph node even in this disease. The aim of this work was to determine indication criteria for detection of sentinel lymph node in breast carcinoma in situ. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Summary of current knowledge about examination of sentinel lymph node in breast carcinoma in situ. Comparison of the results with our own results. RESULTS: We summarized the results of 10 trials studying ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 4 studies with DCIS with microinvasion. Sentinel lymph node infiltration is described in 0 to 7.3%, or 9.3 to 29.4%. In our department during the period of one year, we diagnosed 7 carcinomas in situ, in the final histology examination 5 DCIS, 1 DCIS with microinvasion and I lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) with microinvasion. Sentinel lymph node infiltration was diagnosed only in LCIS with microinvasion. The other, non-sentinel axillary lymph nodes, were negative in this patient. The indication criteria for sentinel lymph node examination in breast carcinoma in situ in our department include: greater extent of microcalcifications, indication for total mastectomy for diffuse involvement, microcalcifications with palpable resistance, preoperative diagnosis of carcinoma in situ from core-cut biopsy, carcinoma in situ G3 confirmed in open extirpation. CONCLUSIONS: The sentinel lymph node examination in breast carcinoma in situ can change staging of the disease, as well as the treatment modality. In case that the sentinel lymph node is positive, the disease is undoubtedly invasive and the invasive part of the tissue was not seen in the biopsy sample.

[Secondary malignant tumors of the mammary gland]. / Sekundární maligní nádory prsní zlázy.

The authors present three case-reviews of rare metastatic affections of the female mammary gland by the following disorders--a malignant lymphoma, a Grawitz carcinoma of the kidney and by a malignant melanoma. Histological examinations of the tumors and restrospective examinations of the respective patients anamneses resulted in the primary focus determination in two cases.

Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in combination with hyperthermia for treatment of skin metastases of breast carcinoma: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Incorporation of doxorubicin hydrochloride into pegylated liposomes (PLD) may decrease chemotherapy side effects and increase the activity. Hyperthermia could further potentiate its effectiveness. CASE REPORT: A patient with skin metastases of breast carcinoma was treated with intravenous infusion of PLD (Caelyx) in combination with ultrasound hyperthermia. Each cycle consisted of infusion of 40 mg PLD absolute dose, followed by 2 fractions of hyperthermia 41-43 degrees C for 45 min 1 and 48 h after infusion. A complete remission was observed after the combination treatment with no significant toxicity. CONCLUSION: Present observations suggest that the combination of PLD with hyperthermia of skin metastases of breast carcinoma may be an active and well tolerated treatment.