Research progress on massive transfusion protocol / 中国输血杂志

Massive transfusion protocol (MTP) is a programmatic procedure for massive blood transfusions, which is an important means of patient blood management (PBM) for trauma and massive hemorrhage patients. MTP can be initiated in a variety of modes, including the McLaughlin, ABC and TASH scoring systems and the mode depending on the patient′s hemorheology. After MTP has been activated, blood components should be injected as soon as possible. Generally, red blood cells should be injected first, followed by plasma and platelets injected proportionally. MTP should be based on good damage control measures and good hemostatic treatment, and should try to avoid the waste of blood components.This article reviews the progress of research on MTP in the above aspects.

Research results and mechanism of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the treatment of heart failure / 中国医师杂志

Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) emerged as a new hypoglycemic agent, which can inhibit glucose reabsorption and thus play a hypoglycemic role. Recent studies have shown that SGLT2i not only lowers blood glucose, but also has a protective effect on the cardiovascular system, which may benefit patients with heart failure.The specific mechanism of action is still not fully elucidated. This paper aims to summarize the latest research results of SGLT2i in the treatment of heart failure, and analyze the possible mechanisms for clinical guidance.

Study on the Improvement of Quality Standard for Citrus reticulatae Formula Granules / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To optimize and improve the quality standard for Citrus reticulata formula granules. METHODS： Totally 13 batches of C. Reticulata formula granules from 4 different manufacturers were used as trial samples， and qualitative identification of hesperidin and nobiletin in the samples were carried out by TLC according to the method of 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （part Ⅳ）. The quantitative analysis of naringin， hesperidin， hesperetin， nobiletin and tangeretin in C. reticulatae formula granules were conducted by UPLC[The determination was performed on Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.2％ phosphoric acid aqueous solution （gradient elution）. The detection wavelength was set at 283 nm， and sample size was 3 μL]. RESULTS： The results of TLC showed that in the chromatograms of samples， same color spots were shown in the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of reference substance. The results of UPLC showed， that the linear range of naringin， hesperidin， hesperetin， nobiletin and tangeretin were 0.64-6.44， 15.78-157.80， 0.17-1.66， 2.08-20.85 and 2.04-20.43 μg/mL， respectively （all r≥0.999 2）； the limits of detection were 0.03， 0.33， 0.10， 0.20 and 0.06       μg/mL； the limits of quantitation were 0.07， 1.34， 0.20， 0.60 and 0.22 μg/mL. The average recoveries were 99.4％， 99.6％， 99.7％， 99.7％ and 99.7％ （n＝9）； RSDs of precision （n＝6）， stability （n＝7） and reproducibility （n＝6） tests were all≤2.03％； naringin was detected in only 3 batches of samples from one manufacturer （the content ranged from 0.067 3 to 0.069.6    mg/g）， while the other 4 components were detected in 13 batches of samples （the contents of them ranged 0.646 5-1.728 0，   0.102 6-0.290 5， 0.023 1-0.689 8， 0.018 2-0.270 7 mg/g）. CONCLUSIONS： In this study， the quality standard of C. reticulata formula granules was improved by qualitative and quantitative methods， and the contents of hesperidin， hesperetin， nobiletin and tangeretin were not less than 0.60， 0.10， 0.02 and 0.01 mg/g， respectively.

Establishment of UPLC Fingerprint ，Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis of Fortunella margarita / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To establish UPLC fingerprint of Fortunella margarita， and to conduct its cluster analysis and principal component analysis. METHODS： UPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1％ phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 330 nm， and sample size was 2 μL. Using fortunellin as reference， UPLC fingerprints of 8 batches of F. margarita were determined. The similarity of 8 batches of samples was evaluated by TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System（2012 edition） to confirm common peak. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed by using SPSS 24.0 software. RESULTS： There were 24 common peaks in UPLC fingerprints of 8 batches of sample，the similarity of which was higher than 0.97. Cluster analysis showed that 8 batches of samples were clustered into 2 categories. S1， S2， S3， S4， S6， S7 and S8 were clustered into one category； S5 was clustered into the other category. By principal component analysis， the accumulative contribution rate of three main components was 81.366％. CONCLUSIONS： Established UPLC fingerprint， the results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis can provide reference for quality control of F. margarita.