Passive solute separation in AC electroosmosis including surface charge-coupled hydrodynamic slip effects.

Separation of electrically neutral, mutually noninteracting passive solutes via AC electroosmotic slit channel flows is investigated for general asymmetric wall surface zeta potentials and apparent hydrodynamic slip lengths. We consider the nontrivial coupling between the surface potentials (or charge densities) and the apparent slip lengths, and focus our attention on the occurrence of a so called "crossover phenomenon" for separating out the slow diffusers when both slow and fast diffusers are present. Results show that regardless of the potential-slip coupling, wider bandwidths become available for crossover phenomenon to occur when the electroosmotic velocity gradient (magnitude) is greater. Contrarily, plug-like velocity profiles inhibit crossover phenomenon, and the potential-slip parametric combinations leading to such profiles can be easily identified by the conditions for minimal transport enhancement reported in recent literature. When separating out the slow diffuser or crossover phenomenon is desired, we recommend incorporating significant asymmetry in the surface potential and apparent slip boundary conditions such that the operating frequency and flow oscillation amplitude may be lowered to more practical values. Our results also agree with and strengthen the physical picture for explaining crossover phenomenon in macroscopic pressure-driven oscillatory flows.

The optimization of operating parameters on microalgae upscaling process planning.

The upscaling process planning developed in this study primarily involved optimizing operating parameters, i.e., dilution ratios, during process designs. Minimal variable cost was used as an indicator for selecting the optimal combination of dilution ratios. The upper and lower mean confidence intervals obtained from the actual cultured cell density data were used as the final cell density stability indicator after the operating parameters or dilution ratios were selected. The process planning method and results were demonstrated through three case studies of batch culture simulation. They are (1) final objective cell densities were adjusted, (2) high and low light intensities were used for intermediate-scale cultures, and (3) the number of culture days was expressed as integers for the intermediate-scale culture.