Coupling fermentation of glutamic acid and γ-polyglutamic acid and preparation of poly(amino acid) superabsorbent polymers.

γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a biomarker that can be directly obtained by microbial fermentation. Poly(amino acid) superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were prepared with purified γ-PGA as raw material and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDGE) as a cross-linking agent. However, γ-PGA fermentation broth has a high viscosity, requires complex extraction and separation processes, and entails high energy consumption, resulting in the high cost of poly (amino acid) SAPs. Therefore, the coupling fermentation processes of glutamate polyglutamic acid, the process of using glutamate fermentation broth instead of pure glutamate powder for fermentation, and the process of treating the fermentation broth under conditions of centrifugation, UV irradiation, and high temperature, were studied. The results showed that the yield of γ-PGA after centrifugation decreased by 5%, but it did not affect the synthesis of hydrogels, and the addition of γ-PGA fermentation broth had a significant effect on the performance of γ-PGA-co-PASP SAPs. The proposed method not only helps avoid the separation of complex γ-PGA fermentation broth and reduces the cost, but it also helps improve the performance of the super-absorbent resin, which has great application potential.

[Herbalogical study of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Fuzi)].

As a most important Chinese materia medica, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Fuzi) had been widely used in China for thousands of years. This herbalogical study was systematically performed based on variation characteristics of the naming, habitat, harvesting, processing and properties. The sharp toxicity of Fuzi had been well known since the spring and autumn period in the history, which was much earlier than that its medical properties was understood and applied. Sichuan province was regarded as the geo-authentic region of Fuzi all along, where the best quality goods could be provided for clinic use. The study showed the harvesting time of Fuzi was changing in different periods, and the possible effects were of climate change and artificial planting. The perishable characteris-tics of Fuzi severely limited its storage period; therefore, different kinds of storage methods were effectively used since Tang Dynasty. For thousands of years, Fuzi had been processed with various accessories to reduce toxicity, while simultaneously the study on processing mechanism was on going all the time. Fuzi was widely used in clinical practice to cure Yang depletion syndrome, which was based on its function of enhancing Yang and removing cold. Along with the further study on quality evaluation standard, Fuzi will probably get a much wider range of applications.

[Herbalogical study on olibanum(Ruxiang)].

As a representative foreign medicinal material, olibanum(Ruxiang) was imported to China since the Qin and Han Dynasties. Olibanum was first described as a medicinal by the name "Xunluxiang" in Miscellaneous Records of Famous Physicians(Ming Yi Bie Lu). This study investigated historical records on olibanum and conducted the herbalogical study. It was found that olibanum came from the resin mainly obtained from the bark of Pistacia lenticus before the Tang Dynasty. With the prosperity of the Maritime Silk Road, instead, the resin obtained from the bark of Boswellia carterii was mainly used as olibanum. In ancient time, the oleo-gum-resin secreted from the cut bark was collected in spring and summer, and the quality was judged based on transparency and shape. The processing methods of olibanum went through many evolutions, which changed from simple methods such as grinding and frying to complex methods such as levigating and grinding with wine, and now to frying and processing with vinegar. The usage of olibanum included alchemy, folk and religious incense, bathing, cosmetic and medicinal since ancient times. From the Song Dynasty, olibanum had been mainly used as medicinal because of its good effect to treat wounds. In traditional Chinese medicine, olibanum unblocks menstruation, relieves pain and reduces swelling and generated muscles. The medicinal efficacy of olibanum is not much different from ancient to modern. Only the efficacy of replenishing energy and promoting the movement of Qi was rarely mentioned in modern reference. In this article, the historical evolutions of olibanum about original plants, processing and medicinal efficacy were sorted out. The results could provide historical basis for the further development and clinical utilization of olibanum.

Significance of Fe(II) and environmental factors on carbon-fixing bacterial community in two paddy soils.

The seasonal flooding and drainage process affect the paddy soils, the existence of the iron state either Fe(III) or Fe(II) is the main redox system of paddy soil. Its morphological transformation affects the redox nature of paddy soils, which also affects the distribution of bacterial community diversity. This study based on molecular biological methods (qPCR, Illumina MiSeq sequencing technique) to investigate the effect of Fe(II) and environmental factors on cbbM genes containing carbon fixing microbes. Both Eh5 and pH were reduced with Fe(II) concentrations. The Fe(II) addition significantly affects the cbbM gene copy number in both texture soils. In loamy soil, cbbM gene copy number increased with high addition of Fe(II), while both low and high concentrations significantly reduced the cbbM gene copy number in sandy soil. Chemotrophic bacterial abundance significantly increased by 79.7% and 54.8% with high and low Fe(II) addition in loamy soil while in sandy soil its abundance decreased by 53% and 54% with the low and high Fe(II) accumulation. The phototrophic microbial community increased by 37.8% with low Fe(II) concentration and decreased by 16.2% with a high concentration in loamy soil, while in sandy soil increased by 21% and 14.3% in sandy soil with low and high Fe(II) addition. Chemoheterotrophic carbon fixing bacterial abundance decreased with the Fe(II) accumulation in both soil textures in loamy soil its abundance decreased by 5.8% and 24.8%, while in sand soil 15.7% and 12.8% with low and high Fe(II) concentrations. The Fe(II) concentration and soil textures maybe two of the major factors to shape the bacterial community structure in paddy soils. These results provide a scientific basis for management of paddy soil fertility and it can be beneficial to take measures to ease the greenhouse gases effect.

Phosphocreatine in Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

OBJECTIVE: There is experimental evidence that phosphocreatine (PCr) can decrease ischemia/reperfusion injury of the heart. The authors investigated if PCr would improve heart performance as compared with standard treatment in cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. SETTING: Hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Adult and pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS: The ability of PCr to improve cardiac outcomes as compared with standard treatment was investigated. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WANGFANG DATA, and VIP Paper Check System were searched to March 1 2017. The authors included 26 randomized controlled trials comprising 1,948 patients. Random and fixed-effects models were used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). PCr use was associated with reduced rates of intraoperative inotropic support (27% v 44%; OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.35-0.61; p < 0.001), major arrhythmias (16% v 28%; OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.27-0.69; p < 0.001), as well as increased spontaneous recovery of the cardiac rhythm immediately after aortic declamping (50% v 34%; OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.82-3.30; p < 0.001) as compared with standard treatment. The use of PCr decreased myocardial damage and augmented left ventricular ejection fraction in the postoperative period; however, MD for these outcomes were small and do not seem to be clinically significant. CONCLUSIONS: In randomized trials, PCr administration was associated with reduced rates of intraoperative inotropic support and major arrhythmias, and increased spontaneous recovery of the cardiac rhythm after aortic declamping. Large multicenter evidence is needed to validate these findings.

The prevalence of sexual violence against African women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: High rates of sexual violence ratios in low-income countries are recognized as a global public health problem. The incidence of violence against African women has been increasing. However, no study has systematically summarized the global prevalence of sexual violence against African woman. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science, databases from their inception through January 2021 for pertinent studies on reporting the prevalence of sexual violence against African women. We included observational studies. The prevalence rate was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis. The heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistic. Differences by study level characteristics were estimated through subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Results: A total of 9 cross-sectional studies were included (a total of 9,030 participants). The pooled sexual violence rate was 0.33 (95% CI = 0.23-0.42). Subgroup analyses found that there was a higher rates of sexual violence against pregnant woman in east Africa (0.41, 95% CI = 0.24-0.58), pregnant (0.42, 95% CI = 0.05-0.80), and interview (0.40, 95% CI = 0.01-0.78). The analysis found that the major sexual violence types were the physical violence (0.19, 95% CI = 0.07-0.31), psychological violence (0.36, 95% CI = 0.11-0.61), sexual assault (0.25, 95% CI = 0.02-0.47). Conclusions: Nearly one out of every three (33%) African woman around the world has been a victim of sexual violence in their life. This current study investigated the status and characteristics of sexual violence against women, which could provide an important reference for the African health care provider. Assessing this problem against African women helps government officials, policy makers, program designers and non-governmental organizations to design prevention and controlling strategies.

Analysis of amino acid and protein components of commercial swim-bladders / 中成药

AIM To study the amino acids and proteins in 16 batches of commercial fish swim-bladders with different origins.METHODS A high performance liquid chromatography method based on pre-column derivatization using 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate(AQC)was developed for the determination of contents and components of 17 amino acids in fish swim-bladders.Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)was performed to analyze the molecular weight distribution of proteins from different fish swim-bladders,and proteins in fish swim-bladders were identified by proteomics method.RESULTS The result showed that the determination of 17 amino acids had a good linear relationship(R2≥0.998 0).The average recovery rate was 85.62%-109.60%and the relative standard deviations of precision,stability and repeatability were less than 3.5%.The total content of the 17 amino acids in 16 batches of fish swim-bladders ranged from 468.31 mg/g to 620.05 mg/g.A total of 688 proteins including 11 collagens were identified from 16 batches of fish swim-bladder samples and a plenty of low-abundance proteins at 52-95 kDa were also detected in fish swim-bladders by SDS-PAGE.CONCLUSION This study provides a good reference for the quality evaluation and further utilization of fish swim-bladders.

The methods of anastomosis in totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy esophagojejunostomy-the collision and fusion of hand suturing and stapled anastomosis / 中华消化外科杂志

Totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy is the most comlex procedure in gastric surgery, which involves the entire stomach removal, lymph node dissection and digestive tract recons-truction through minimally invasive techniques, among which laparoscopic esophagojejunostomy is a technological difficulty. Currently, three types of anastomoses are widely used, including stapled anastomosis with circular staplers or linear staplers, and hand suturing, but which is the best and safe anastomosis remains controversial. Based on team experience, the authors review the progress of esophagojejunostomy on stapled anastomosis or hand suturing, promote that how to select an appropriate esophagojejunostomy according to surgeon′s individual technical capabilities, operating habits and patient conditions, strive to achieve the precise and minimally invasive effect with the least trauma for patients.

Application of tracheal catheter extraction before consciousness recovery under general anesthesia in patients with hypertension / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Extubation during the recovery period of general anesthesia patients often causes hemodynamic fluctuations and increases myocardial oxygen consumption, which is easy to cause myocardial hypoxia, ischemia and cardiovascular complications. Especially for patients with hypertension, hemodynamic fluctuation is more obvious, and the risk of anesthesia is greater. The timing of tracheal catheter extubation is one of the key factors affecting cardiovascular reactions and related complications. This paper reported the data of 35 patients with hypertension who underwent general anesthesia from May. 2020 to Jun. 2021 in Wuhu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and analyzed the technical advantages of tracheal catheter removal before consciousness recovery under general anesthesia.

Precision therapy strategies and trends based on molecular characteristics for gastric cancer / 中华消化外科杂志

China has the number of cases and deaths of gastric cancer ranking first in the world every year. Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disease with significant individual differences and poor prognosis. In recent years, with the development of multi-omics technology, by analyzing different molecular subtypes and underlying mechanisms of gastric cancer, more and more targets and molecular features related to gastric cancer have been identified, targeted or immunotherapeu-tic drugs based on these molecular features have been partially applied in the clinical treatment of gastric cancer. In this article, the authors summarize the latest research progress based on the molecular characteristics of gastric cancer, elaborate on the current status and prospects of precise therapy strategies for gastric cancer, in order to provide new theoretical basis for improving the comprehensive treatment efficacy and prognosis of gastric cancer.

The latest research progress of the mechanism of drug resistance to TKIs in clinical treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor / 肿瘤

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST)is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract.The pathogenesis of most GIST is driven by the gain-of-function mutations of KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase(c-KIT)or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha(PDGFRA)gene.The original clinical treatment for GIST was surgical resection only.With the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)represented by imatinib,GIST therapy has entered the era of targeted therapy.TKIs have achieved significant clinical efficacy in GIST treatment.To date,several TKI drugs have been approved for clinical application,which has greatly improved the survival time of GIST patients,but the ensuing drug resistance problem is a difficult problem that requires an urgent solution.Currently,it has been confirmed that the main reason for drug resistance to TKI in GIST is the secondary mutation of different exons of c-KIT or PDGFRA.However,even GIST patients with the same exon mutation still reacts very differently to TKIs,suggesting that there may be other mechanisms acting in parallel with c-KIT and PDGFRA.Thanks to the development and application of molecular biological technologies such as CRISPR gene editing technology,the genetic differences between TKI drug resistant and sensitive GIST are becoming clearer and clearer,and many more new mechanisms have been identified.This paper summarizes the latest research progress of the mechanism of drug resistance to the most commonly used TKIs in the clinical treatment of GIST.

From basic to clinical:Advances in research on ETV1 / 肿瘤

ETS variant gene 1(ETV1)is an oncogene that plays an important role in embryonic development and malignant progression of tumors.Chromosomal translocations,gene amplifications,and activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK)signal pathways lead to the up-regulation of ETV1,and then ETV1,as a transcription factor,regulates the expression of downstream target genes by binding to their promoters or enhancers,thereby playing a pivotal role in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer,gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST)and breast cancer.ETV1 is also a potential tumor biomarker,which has clinical value in diagnosis and prognostic evaluation in various tumors,and strategies targeting ETV1 can provide new treatment options to tumor patients.This article discusses the mechanisms of ETV1 activation and pro-oncogenic mechanisms driven by ETV1,and summarizes and prospects the clinical application of ETV1 as a tumor biomarker and therapeutic target.

Progress in application of peritoneal lavage fluid circulating tumor DNA to predicting peritoneal metastasis of gastrointestinal cancer / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Peritoneal metastasis is one of the important causes of death in patients with gastrointestinal cancer and is also a difficult point in clinical diagnosis and treatment.How to predict the occurrence of peritoneal metastasis in patients with high-risk factors,advance the threshold of diagnosis and treatment before the occurrence of peritoneal metastasis,and improve the survival benefit of patients is an unsolved problem in clinical work.In the case of low positive rate of cytology and difficulty in diagnosing occult peritoneal metastasis,new molecular markers and detection techniques for early diagnosis of peritoneal metastasis need to be verified.Peritoneal lavage fluid has the characteristics of less leukocyte-derived cell-free DNA interference,higher concentration of circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA),and direct contact with the primary lesion or potential peritoneal metastasis at physical distance,making it a unique advantage in gastrointestinal cancer.At present,the detection methods of ctDNA in peritoneal lavage fluid include digital PCR,epigenetic-based analysis,and next-generation sequencing.With the iteration of technology,the application of next-generation sequencing and personalized panels to ctDNA detection has not only shown great potential in predicting postoperative peritoneal metastasis,but also promoted the idea of preventive escalation treatment of peritoneal metastasis.This article reviews the current application of ctDNA to peritoneal lavage fluid in predicting peritoneal metastasis of gastrointestinal cancer.

Construction of fluorescent transgenic zebrafish Tg (ttn.2: EGFP) / 生物工程学报

In order to develop a transgenic zebrafish line with green fluorescent protein (enhanced green fluorescent protein, EGFP) expressed specifically in muscle and heart, the recombinant expression vector constructed using the zebrafish ttn.2 gene promoter fragment and EGFP gene coding sequence and the capped mRNA of Tol2 transposase were co-injected into the zebrafish 1-cell stage embryos. The stable genetic Tg (ttn.2: EGFP) transgenic zebrafish line was successfully developed by fluorescence detection, followed by genetic hybridization screening and molecular identification. Fluorescence signals and whole-mount in situ hybridization showed that EGFP expression was located in muscle and heart, the specificity of which was consistent with the expression of ttn.2 mRNA. Inverse PCR showed that EGFP was integrated into chromosomes 4 and 11 of zebrafish in No. 33 transgenic line, while integrated into chromosome 1 in No. 34 transgenic line. The successful construction of this fluorescent transgenic zebrafish line, Tg (ttn.2: EGFP), laid a foundation for the research of muscle and heart development and related diseases. In addition, the transgenic zebrafish lines with strong green fluorescence can also be used as a new ornamental fish.

Polyethylene biodegradation: current status and perspectives / 生物工程学报

Polyethylene (PE) is the most abundantly used synthetic resin and one of the most resistant to degradation, and its massive accumulation in the environment has caused serious pollution. Traditional landfill, composting and incineration technologies can hardly meet the requirements of environmental protection. Biodegradation is an eco-friendly, low-cost and promising method to solve the plastic pollution problem. This review summarizes the chemical structure of PE, the species of PE degrading microorganisms, degrading enzymes and metabolic pathways. Future research is suggested to focus on the screening of high-efficiency PE degrading strains, the construction of synthetic microbial consortia, the screening and modification of degrading enzymes, so as to provide selectable pathways and theoretical references for PE biodegradation research.

Efficacy analysis of single-agent versus multi-agent adjuvant chemotherapy after radical gastrec-tomy for elderly patients with stage Ⅲ gastric cancer / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To compare the efficacy of single-agent versus multi-agent adjuvant chemotherapy after radical gastrectomy for elderly patients with stage Ⅲ gastric cancer.Methods:The propensity score matching and retrospective cohort study were conducted. The clinicopatholo-gical data of 456 elderly patients with stage Ⅲ gastric cancer who underwent D 2 radical resection in the Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from January 2016 to December 2020 were collected. There were 343 males and 113 females, aged 71(range, 65?89)years. Of the 456 patients, 274 cases undergoing single-agent adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery were divided into single-agent chemotherapy group, 182 cases undergoing double-agent or triple-agent adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery were divided into multi-agent chemotherapy group. Observa-tion indicators: (1) propensity score matching and comparison of general data of patients between the two groups after matching; (2) adverse events during chemotherapy; (3) follow-up. Propensity score matching was done by the 1∶1 ratio, with the caliper value of 0.05. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range). Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Comparison of ordinal data between groups was conducted using the non-parameter rank sum test. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves and calculate survival rates, and the Log-Rank test was used for survival analysis. Results:(1) Propensity score matching and comparison of general data of patients between the two groups after matching. Of 456 patients, 306 cases were successfully matched, including 153 cases in the single-agent chemotherapy group and 153 cases in the multi-agent chemotherapy group. The elimination of age, age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index, pathological TNM staging confounding bias ensured comparability between the two groups after propensity score matching. (2) Adverse events during chemotherapy. In terms of hematological adverse events, 6 cases in the single-agent chemotherapy group and 16 cases in the multi-agent chemotherapy group had neutropenia, showing a significant difference in the neutropenia ( χ2=4.90, P<0.05). In terms of non-hematological adverse events, cases with anorexia and nausea were 77 and 50 for the single-agent chemotherapy group, versus 96 and 69 for the multi-agent chemotherapy group, showing significant differences between the two groups ( χ2=4.80, 4.96, P<0.05). (3)Follow-up. All the 306 patients were followed up for 48(range, 8?61)months. The 5-year overall survival rates of the single-agent chemotherapy group and the multi-agent chemotherapy group were 36.08% and 38.31%, respectively, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( hazard ratio=0.93, 95% confidence interval as 0.70?1.20, P>0.05). Results of further analysis showed that the 5-year overall survival rates were 32.41% and 39.40% for 97 patients of the single-agent chemotherapy group and 97 patients with double-agent regimen of the multi-agent chemotherapy group, respectively, showing no significant difference between them ( hazard ratio=1.20, 95% confidence interval as 0.82?1.70, P>0.05). The 5-year overall survival rates were 43.15% and 37.11% for 56 patients of the single-agent chemotherapy group and 56 patients with triple-agent regimen of the multi-agent chemotherapy group, respectively, showing no significant difference between them ( hazard ratio=0.81, 95% confidence interval as 0.65?1.00, P>0.05). Conclusions:For adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly patients with stage Ⅲ gastric cancer, there is no significant survival advantage of double-agent or triple-agent chemotherapy over single-agent oral chemotherapy. However, there is a higher incidence of neutropenia, anorexia, ausea.

A study on epithelial cell adhesion molecule targeted nucleic acid aptamer drug conjugate in gastric cancer targeted treatment / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the affinity and toxicity of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) targeted nucleic acid aptamer drug conjugate SYL3C-MMAE on human gastric epithelial cells GES-1 (hereinafter referred to as GES-1 cells) and human gastric cancer cells AGS and MKN45 (hereinafter referred to as AGS cells and MKN45 cells).Methods:The experimental study was conducted. The expression level of EpCAM in gastric cancer tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression level of EpCAM in gastric cancer tissues was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). The expression level of EpCAM protein in GES-1, AGS and MKN45 cells was detected using Western blot. The affinity of SYL3C on GES-1, AGS and MKN45 cells was detected using flow cytometry. SYL3C-MMAE was synthesized through a thiol-maleimide reaction. The toxicity of drugs on GES-1, AGS and MKN45 cells was detected using CCK-8 assay. The cell cycle condition of GES-1, AGS and MKN45 cells after drug treatment was detected using propidium iodide (PI) staining. Observation indicators: (1) expression of EpCAM in gastric cancer; (2) affinity of antibodies targeting EpCAM and SYL3C on GES-1, AGS and MKN45 cells; (3) situation of drug synthesis; (4) drug toxicity and inhibition of cell cycle. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison among multiple groups, and pairwise comparison was conducted using the least significant difference test. Comparison of unequal variances was conducted using the Welch' t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(IQR), and comparison between groups was conducted using the paired rank sum test. Count data were described as absolute numbers, comparison between groups was conducted using the paired chi-square test. Results:(1) Expression of EpCAM in gastric cancer. Results of immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays showed that the positive rate of EpCAM was 82.9%(29/35) and 22.9%(8/35) in the 35 pairs of gastric cancer and its adjacent tissues (normal tissues), respectively, showing a significant difference between them ( P<0.05). Results of RT-PCR showed that the mRNA relative expression levels of EpCAM was 1.23 (4.13) and 4.04 (1.72) in 12 pairs of gastric cancer and its adjacent tissues respectively, showing a significant difference between them ( Z=-2.67, P<0.05). Results of Western blot showed that the relative expression levels of EpCAM protein in GES-1, AGS, and MKN45 was 0, 1.00, and 0.27, respectively, with the expression level of EpCAM protein in AGS cells as the standard. (2) Affinity of antibodies targeting EpCAM and SYL3C on GES-1, AGS and MKN45 cells. Results of flow cytometry showed that antibodies targeting EpCAM and SYL3C had good affinity on AGS and MKN45 cells but no affinity on GES-1 cells. (3) Situation of drug synthesis. Results of mass spectrometry showed that the drug solution of compound formed by connecting SYL3C with monomethylorestatin E (VcMMAE) exhibited a strong peak at the molecular weight position of 16 355, consistent with the expected molecular weight of the SYL3C-MMAE complex, indicating that SYL3C-MMAE was successfully synthesized. (4) Drug toxicity and inhibition of cell cycle. Results of CCK-8 assay showed that the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50) of VcMMAE on GES-1, AGS and MKN45 cells was 123.00, 30.48 and 51.83 nmol/L, respectively. The IC 50 of SYL3C-MMAE on GES-1, AGS and MKN45 cells was 241.80, 20.66 and 27.64 nmol/L, respectively. Results of PI staining and flow cytometry showed that both VcMMAE and SYL3C-MMAE could induce G2/M phase blockage in the cell cycle of GES-1, AGS and MKN45 cells. Conclusion:The SYL3C-MMAE has a good affinity on gastric cancer cells. Compared with VcMMAE, SYL3C-MMAE exhibits efficient inhibition on gastric cancer cells, but less influence on normal cells.

Isolation and identification of a polyester-polyurethane degrading bacterium Bacillus altitudinis YX8-1 / 生物工程学报

Although polyurethane (PUR) plastics play important roles in daily life, its wastes bring serious environmental pollutions. Biological (enzymatic) degradation is considered as an environmentally friendly and low-cost method for PUR waste recycling, in which the efficient PUR-degrading strains or enzymes are crucial. In this work, a polyester PUR-degrading strain YX8-1 was isolated from the surface of PUR waste collected from a landfill. Based on colony morphology and micromorphology observation, phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA and gyrA gene, as well as genome sequence comparison, strain YX8-1 was identified as Bacillus altitudinis. The results of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) showed that strain YX8-1 was able to depolymerize self-synthesized polyester PUR oligomer (PBA-PU) to produce a monomeric compound 4, 4'-methylene diphenylamine. Furthermore, strain YX8-1 was able to degrade 32% of the commercialized polyester PUR sponges within 30 days. This study thus provides a strain capable of biodegradation of PUR waste, which may facilitate the mining of related degrading enzymes.

Slicing specifications in general rule of processing in Chinese Pharmacopoeia from slicing development of Chinese materia medica processed product and thinking and suggestion on slicing techniques / 中国中药杂志

Slicing is critical in the processing of Chinese materia medica(CMM) processed product and the specification(thickness) is closely related to the quality of the decoction. On the basis of clarifying the concept and evolution of slicing of CMM processed product by reviewing the Chinese herbal classics of the past dynasties and general rules of local processing standards, this study discussed the development history of slicing specifications in general rules of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition), analyzed the current situation and key problems, and proposed the thinking and suggestion on promoting the sound development of slicing of CMM processed product. Since 2000, the slicing thickness of CMM processed product in the general rules of local CMM processed product processing specifications newly revised and issued by 27 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities has been consistent with that in the general rules of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition). The standard that the thickness of extremely thin pieces is less than 0.5 mm is rarely retained, and the pieces in 0.5-1 mm thickness have not been found on the market, which is consistent with the provisions of the general rules of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. This study can provide a historical and modern basis for the rationality of slicing of CMM processed product.

Role of new serological markers in evaluating the progression of liver disease in patients with chronic HBV infection and normal aminotransferases / 临床肝胆病杂志

Antiviral therapy is the basic treatment method for improving prognosis recommended in the management guidelines of chronic hepatitis B in China and globally. For patients with chronic HBV infection and normal transaminases, it is difficult in clinical practice to accurately evaluate the progression of hepatitis and identify suitable patients who need antiviral therapy. In order to objectively and accurately evaluate the degree of liver inflammatory activity in such patients, more and more noninvasive evaluation indicators have been used in addition to conventional liver biopsy. This article reviews the new serological indicators that can reflect the degree of liver inflammation and/or fibrosis in patients with chronic HBV infection and normal aminotransferase levels, hoping to provide a reference for antiviral decision-making in these patients.