Persistent chronic calcific pancreatitis with intraductal calculi associated with secondary diabetes mellitus type 3 and diabetic ketoacidosis - A case report.

Diabetes mellitus type 3 refers to diabetes secondary to an existing disease or condition of the exocrine pancreas and is an uncommon cause of diabetes occurring due to pancreatogenic pathology. It accounts for 15-20% of diabetic patients in Indian and Southeast Asian continents. This is case report of a rare case of type 3 diabetes mellitus (T3DM) presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The patient was admitted for DKA along with complaint of hyperglycemia, blood glucose of 405 mg/dl with HbA1c level of 13.7%. Computed tomography evidence revealed chronic calcific pancreatitis with intraductal calculi and dilated pancreatic duct.

Non-coding RNA: A key regulator in the Glutathione-GPX4 pathway of ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death, has emerged as a crucial process in diverse pathophysiological states, encompassing cancer, neurodegenerative ailments, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. The glutathione (GSH)-dependent lipid peroxidation pathway, chiefly governed by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), assumes an essential part in driving ferroptosis. GPX4, as the principal orchestrator of ferroptosis, has garnered significant attention across cancer, cardiovascular, and neuroscience domains over the past decade. Noteworthy investigations have elucidated the indispensable functions of ferroptosis in numerous diseases, including tumorigenesis, wherein robust ferroptosis within cells can impede tumor advancement. Recent research has underscored the complex regulatory role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating the GSH-GPX4 network, thus influencing cellular susceptibility to ferroptosis. This exhaustive review endeavors to probe into the multifaceted processes by which ncRNAs control the GSH-GPX4 network in ferroptosis. Specifically, we delve into the functions of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in regulating GPX4 expression and impacting cellular susceptibility to ferroptosis. Moreover, we discuss the clinical implications of dysregulated interactions between ncRNAs and GPX4 in several conditions, underscoring their capacity as viable targets for therapeutic intervention. Additionally, the review explores emerging strategies aimed at targeting ncRNAs to modulate the GSH-GPX4 pathway and manipulate ferroptosis for therapeutic advantage. A comprehensive understanding of these intricate regulatory networks furnishes insights into innovative therapeutic avenues for diseases associated with perturbed ferroptosis, thereby laying the groundwork for therapeutic interventions targeting ncRNAs in ferroptosis-related pathological conditions.

Evaluation of alveolar grafting with tibial graft in adolescent patients.

BACKGROUND: In a resource-limited setting, use of advanced reconstruction procedures for cleft patient is unaffordable. The autogenous graft sites such as iliac or rib are not favored owing to socio-ethno-economic and cosmetic reasons. In such situations, tibial graft is an excellent alternative. There is limited literature on the use of tibial graft from India and this manuscript attempts to address this lacuna. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Archives of a single department on cleft palate cases treated with tibial graft were collected. Cases fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. The efficiency of treatment was evaluated from the orthopantomogram (OPG) and/or computed tomogram (CT) imaging using previously described methodology. All the data collected were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 17.78 ± 3.29 years with a range of 13-23 years. Three patients had been treated with secondary bone grafting, while the remainder had been treated with tertiary bone grafting. The median age of the study population was 17.39 years, while the mode was 17 years. The mean efficiency in terms of preoperative and post-operative size of defects as measured in OPG was 74.32 ± 7.31, while it was 73.15 ± 9.9 as measured in CT. All the patients were comfortable with closure of the defect. Patients treated with secondary bone grafting had a mean efficiency was 79.53 ± 9.07, while for tertiary grafting, it was 71.72 ± 4.86. CONCLUSION: The tibial graft offers an excellent alternative to the conventional standard grafts such as iliac crest or rib grafts. The efficiency of the treatment measured at 6 months period on standard OPG or CT is comparable to the results obtained with the rib/iliac crest.