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Objective@#To systematically review the effects of protein supplementation in older adults with sarcopenia. @*Methods@#A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases until May 2023. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) randomized controlled trials with a quantitative study design; (2) studies with a study group of older adults with sarcopenia; (3) studies comparing muscle mass, muscle strength, and performance of older adults with sarcopenia after protein supplementation; and (4) studies published up to May 2023. @*Results@#Six retrospective comparative studies, including 715 patients, met the inclusion criteria. The nutritional supplementation group exhibited significant improvement in appendicular skeletal muscle mass (standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24–0.58; p<0.001; I2=1%), while handgrip strength (SMD=0.37; 95% CI, -0.32–1.07; p=0.29; I2=94%) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) (SMD=0.35; 95% CI, -0.47–1.18; p=0.40; I2=94%) showed a tendency for improvement. @*Conclusion@#Nutritional supplementation with protein increased appendicular muscle mass in older adults with sarcopenia and improved handgrip strength and SPPB scores.
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Objective@#To systematically review the effect of intrathecal baclofen pump insertion in children with cerebral palsy (CP) with respect to scoliosis. @*Methods@#A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases up to June 2022. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) studies with a quantitative study design; (2) studies with a study group of children with CP; (3) studies comparing scoliosis in children with and without an intrathecal baclofen pump; and (4) studies with Cobb’s angle as a parameter. @*Results@#Of the 183 studies found, four studies, all of which were retrospective comparative studies, met the aforementioned inclusion criteria. All studies were homogeneous (I2=0%, p=0.53) and intrathecal baclofen pump insertion accelerated the progression of scoliosis (standard mean difference=0.27; 95% confidence interval=0.07–0.48). @*Conclusion@#Intrathecal baclofen pumps have been used to alleviate spasticity in children with CP, thus aiding their daily activities and movements. However, their advantages and disadvantages should be reviewed after sufficient time considering the pumps’ negative effect on the course of scoliosis.
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Background@#Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory facial disorder, leading to impaired skin barrier function. Many factors, including skin care habits, affect its occurrence and progress. @*Objective@#This study aimed to investigate clinical manifestation and aggravating factors of rosacea, focusing on skin care habits and lifestyle and to compare them with those of acne patients. @*Methods@#We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 222 patients with rosacea and 127 with acne who visited a university hospital and local dermatologic clinic between July 2021 and June 2022. The patients answered questionnaires consisting of information, such as demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms and signs, skin care habits, and aggravating factors. @*Results@#Age distribution of the patients with rosacea showed a peak incidence among those in their twenties, and the most common comorbidity was metabolic disease. The most common symptom and sign was itching, followed by burning sensation. Regarding skin care habits, 72.8% and 45.0% of the patients practiced excessive cleansing and double cleansing, respectively. The most frequently-used cleanser and basic cosmetic were foaming cleanser (77.5%) and toner (57.5%), respectively. Foundation was used by nearly half of the woman, many of whom used liquid type.Irregular or insufficient sleep and food were the two most common aggravating factor. When compared to patients with acne patients, those with rosacea tended to carry more systemic comorbidities and practiced double cleansing with basic cosmetics more actively. @*Conclusion@#It is important for clinicians to understand various factors affecting occurrence and aggravation of rosacea and educate patients on appropriate skin care habits and lifestyle.
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Background@#Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory disorder that affects the skin of the central face. Anxiety sensitivity (AS) refers to the fear of sensations and symptoms arising from an expected experience of anxiety. High AS can cause anxiety disorders. Several studies have evaluated depression in patients with rosacea; however, AS has not yet been investigated. @*Objective@#We aimed to investigate AS, depression, and quality of life in patients with rosacea. @*Methods@#Eighty-five patients with rosacea and 85 controls (aged＞18 years) were enrolled in the study. The severity of rosacea was evaluated according to the standard guidelines of the National Rosacea Society. Patients with rosacea and controls were asked to complete the Korean version of the anxiety sensitivity index-revised (ASI-R), beck depression inventory (BDI), and dermatology life quality index (DLQI). @*Results@#The ASI, BDI, and DLQI scores were significantly higher in patients with rosacea than in controls (p＜ 0.001). In particular, the cardiovascular subscale of the ASI was significantly increased in patients with rosacea. The ASI and BDI scores were significantly correlated. DLQI scores were weakly correlated with ASI compared with BDI scores in patients with rosacea. @*Conclusion@#Our study is the first to report that AS is elevated in patients with rosacea. It is necessary to consider the anxiety-related symptoms of patients with rosacea, as they may benefit from psychological intervention to alleviate distress.
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Objective@#This review aimed to investigate the effects of combined treatment with thermotherapy and electrical stimulation simultaneously in musculoskeletal pain disorders. Method: A systematic review was performed using electronic databases including PubMed and Embase. Following search terms were used: (simultaneous OR synchronous OR combined) AND (thermotherapy OR “thermal therapy” OR heat OR “hot pack” OR ultrasound OR microwave OR shortwave OR cold OR cryotherapy) AND (“electrical stimulation” OR electrotherapy OR TENS OR “interferential current”). Studies on the simultaneous application of thermotherapy and electrical stimulation, comparing with single physical modalities or massage were included. @*Results@#After title and abstract exclusion, four articles were selected, according to the eligibility criteria. Combined treatment did not reveal a differential effect on pain reduction when compared to a single physical modality. However, combined treatment showed superior effects on functional aspects such as range of motion (ROM) and timed up-and-go score. @*Conclusion@#This review suggests that combined treatment with thermotherapy and electrical stimulation simultaneously seems to have a superior effect on ROM, balance, and gait ability, but not pain reduction, in musculoskeletal pain disorders. However, the number of included studies in this review was small and study designs were heterogeneous. Therefore, further research is needed to confirm these findings.