[Long-term impact of breast reconstruction on quality of life among breast cancer patients].

Psychological impact of modified radical mastectomy carried out simultaneously with breast reconstruction (n=45) was compared with that in controls who underwent similar surgery for cancer alone (n=50). After 12 months, depression was less frequent in group 1 and indices such as being a good mixer, joyfulness, activity, happiness, job satisfaction and access to leisure and entertainment were significantly higher than among controls (p< or =0.05). However, deep depression persisted in group 1 (13%) as long as for 12 months and intense angst in 17.8%.

[Kinetic behavior of slowly equilibrating association-dissociation enzyme systems]. / Osobennosti kineticheskogo povedeniia medlenno dissotsiiruiushchikh i assotsiiruiushchikh fermentnykh sistem

The shape of the plots of product accumulation versus time (t) has been analysed for slowly equilibrating association-dissociation enzyme systems of the types 2p in equilibrium P (P is enzyme oligomer which is able to dissociate reversibly forming two identical halves p) and M in equilibrium M2 in equilibrium M2 in equilibrium... (M is monomer which has two association sites overlapping with active sites). It is assumed that the rate of equilibration between oligomeric forms is comparable with the rate of over-all enzymatic reaction and that substrate-oligomer complexes are in rapid equilibrium with free components. It has been shown that characteristic feature of kinetic behavior of slowly equilibrating association-dissociation enzyme systems is that the value of tau depends on enzyme concentration (tau is the intercept on t-axis for linear asymptota of the curve of product concentration versus time at t leads to infinity).

[Estimation of soil fraction of Pu in the formation of irradiation dose of inhabitants of the Bryansk region]. / Znachimost' "pochvennoi fraktsii" Pu v formirovanii doz oblucheniia naseleniia Brianskoi oblasti.

The estimation of plutonium in soils of the contaminated after Chernobyl accident areas of Bryansk Region (Russia) are presented. On the basis of data about Pu concentrations in soils and by means of migration models in "soil-man" system the doses received were assessed. Pu-239, 240 and Pu-238 were determined in samples of autopsy material (lung, liver, bones and tracheobronchial lymph nodes) of residents from Chernobyl-fallout contaminated regions. Effective doses have been obtained by means of data about Pu-concentration in autopsy samples.

[Circadian variability of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with cardiovascular diseases]. / Sutochnaia dinamika aritmii u bol'nykh s zabolevaniiami serdechno-sosudistoi sistemy.

A total of 1063 results of Holter monitoring in patients with cardiovascular diseases were analyzed. There were regularities in the circadian rhythm of arrhythmias with their decreased values at night and increased ones in the daytime, and peak in the morning. The profile of rhythm depends on the pattern of arrhythmia and cardiac disease. The main oscillators are as follows: sleep-awakening, activity-rest patterns, circadian variations in the sympathetic tone, severity of disease, diurnal variations in myocardial oxygen demand, blood pressure, cardiosclerosis. Conduction disturbances were increased during sleep and early in the morning. Thus, the main unfavourable period in arrhythmia disturbances are early morning, pre- and postawakening periods.

[Change in the elastic-adhesive properties of the arteries and arterial pressure in hypertension at different periods of the day]. / Izmenenie uprugoviazkikh svoistv arterial'nykh sosudov i arterial'nogo davleniia u bol'nykh gipertonicheskoi bolezn'iu v raznoe vremia sutok.

The 24-hour rhythm of values characterizing the elastic resistance of large arterial vessels and the arterial pressure was studied in 107 patients with hypertensive disease and in 79 normal persons by means of N.N. Savitsky's mechanocardiographic method. In healthy persons the hemodynamic values were marked by regular daily changes, while in those with hypertensive disease the daily rhythm of hemodynamics was considerably distorted, the degree and frequency of the disorder in the rhythm being dependent first and foremost on the severity of the disease. In patients with stage IB and stage IIA hypertensive disease a daily rhythm typical of a healthy person was retained, but the fluctuations in the values were of a higher level and range. The highest values of all indices were recorded in stages IIB and III and two variants of changes in the shape of the daily curve of arterial pressure and tone of arterial pressure were revealed; the first was characterized by the values being highest at night and in the early morning hours and lowest between 12 and 13 p.m., while the second, which was less frequent, corresponded to the shape of the daily curve peculiar to healthy persons.

[Functional state of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal system in patients with chronic alcoholic intoxication]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie gipotalamo-gipofizarno-gonadnykh sistem u bol'nykh s khronicheskoi alkogol'noi intoksikatsiei.

The function of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal system has been studied in 118 males with different stages of alcoholism. Comparison with the control group has shown decreased levels of interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone, and elevated concentrations of prolactin (Prl). Differences in the parameters of hormonal activity expressed in a varying degree of a decrease in FSH, ICSH, and testosterone, and a Prl elevation are related to change in mutual regulatory influences between the gonads and hypothalamo-pituitary complex. The most informative parameters were concentrations of Prl and testosterone (considering elevation in the former and reduction in the latter hormone) and the ratio of their concentrations. Difference of these parameters in each group (corresponding to the stages of alcoholism) may be used as an additional diagnostic criterion of chronic alcohol intoxication.

[Hormonal disorders in chronic alcoholic intoxication]. / Gormonal'nye narusheniia pri khronicheskoi intoksikatsii alkogolem.

Hormone levels were examined in the venous blood in 54 men suffering from stage 2 alcoholism and in 30 normal subjects, using a radioimmunochemical assay. The alcoholics were found to have a statistically significant increase in prolactin and a decrease in testosterone. A definite ratio in the secretion of these hormones differing from that in the control group was elucidated. This ratio (prolactin-testosterone index) is proposed as a diagnostic test of alcoholism.

[Clinico-hormonal correlations in patients with chronic alcoholic intoxication]. / Kliniko-gormonal'nye korreliatsii u bol'nykh s khronicheskoi intoksikatsiei alkogolem.

Radioimmunochemical assay was used to study the hypophyseal and peripheral hormones activity in 60 patients with chronic alcoholism, stage II. A correlation has been established between the patient's age and prolactin and FSH concentrations, as well as between the duration of the recent hard drinking and the concentrations of prolactin, testosterone, FSH and interstitial cell stimulating hormone. It has been shown that the manifestation of the alcoholic abstinent syndrome depended on the prolactin concentration. The test sensitivity estimated by the prolactin level rise and the testosterone level reduction reached 92.3%. The specificity of the changes detected comprised 25%. A conclusion has been made that the disorders noted in the patients with chronic alcoholic intoxication can be used as an objective test in the alcoholism diagnosis.

[Gaucher's disease combined with congenital developmental defects of the urinary system]. / Bolezn' Goshe v sochetanii s vrozhdennymi porokami razvitiia mochevyvodiashchei sistemy.

Two cases of Gaucher's disease of the juvenile type are described, in a boy of 1 year and 7 months and in a girl of 8 years. The juvenile type of Gaucher's disease is documented by detection in the internal organs of typical Gaucher's cells formed mainly of histiocytes and macrophages, PAS-positive and weakly positive with Sudan III, and by the absence of the brain gangliocytes impairments. The peculiarity of these cases consists in the combination of glucocerebroside with congenital developmental defects of the urinary system: in one case with bilateral megaureter and hydronephrosis and in the second one with developmental defect of the renal arteries and bilateral cystic renal dysplasia.

[Functional status of the endocrine system in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. / Funktsiona'lnoe sostoianie éndokrinnoi sistemy u bo'lnykh s gipertroficheskoi kardiomiopatiei.

The study was undertaken to examine 27 patients aged 20 to 50 years who had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC). Group 1 consisted of 12 patients with asymmetric cardiomyopathy. Group 2 comprised 15 with symmetric cardiomyopathy. Blood samples were taken from the cubital vein before and 30 and 60 minutes after administration of 0.2 mg thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH). Blood hormone concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. TRH test was found to provide an essential information on the function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-thyroid and hypothalamohypophyseal-adrenal systems in HC patients. The HC patients showed lower function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal system. There was a decrease in serum testosterone during all the periods of examination. At the same time the patients from Groups 1 and 2 had substantial features of the function of various links of the immune system, which may suggest a variance in the pathogenesis of the two types of the disease.

[Properties of urease immobilized by chemical binding to a derivatives of cellulose]. / Issledovanie svoistv ureazy, immobilizovannoi putem khimicheskogo prisoedineniia k proizvodnym tselliulozy.

A comparative study of properties of soluble urease and urease immobilized by its binding to cellulose derivatives was carried out. Upon chemical binding of urease to cellulose derivatives the Mikhaelis constant and pH optimum for the enzyme action changed insignificantly. Maximum enzymic activity of soluble and immobilized urease occurred at 50 degrees C. The energy of activation of urea hydrolysis by urease during enzyme immobilization also changed insignificantly.

[Diseases of the cardiovascular system and the function of the endocrine glands in veterans of Soviet Antarctic expeditions]. / Zabolevaniia serdechno-sosudistoi sistemy i funktsional'noe sostoianie zhelez vnutrennei sekretsii u veteranov sovetskikh antarkticheskikh ékspeditsii.

The authors examined 58 men who had repeatedly participated in the Antarctic expeditions. In addition to a profound study of the cardiovascular system, the insulin tolerance test (0.1 U/kg simple insulin injected by intravenous drip for 90 minutes) was made, permitting the degree of tissue insulin resistance to be quantitatively estimated with measurements of the content of cyclic nucleotides in blood leukocytes and of immunoreactive insulin, C-peptide and counterinsular hormones in the blood before and after the functional test. It was established that with the increase of the number of Antarctic winterings tissue insulin resistance naturally grows regardless of the age of the examinees, manifesting itself in an increase of basal insulinemia, the content of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in blood leukocytes, appreciable increment of insulinemia after infusion of exogenous insulin. Analogous changes were detected in polar researchers suffering from coronary disease, essential hypertension irrespective of the number of winterings. It is concluded that the rise of tissue insulin resistance occurring under the influence of multiple exposures to natural and social factors of high latitudes is a predisposing factor of the formation of cardiovascular pathology.

[The mechanisms of the therapeutic action and the basis for the frequency of performing sessions of ultraviolet blood irradiation in treating acute pneumonia. 1]. / Nekotorye mekhanizmy lechebnogo deistviia i obosnovanie kratnosti provedeniia seansov ul'trafioletovogo oblucheniia krovi v lechenii ostroi pnevmonii. Soobshchenie 1.

Mechanisms of therapeutic action of UV blood irradiation and optimal irradiation scheduling were studied in the course of UV-irradiated blood transfusions capable of correcting lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant system (AOS) in acute pneumonia (AP) patients. Single and multiple measurements of LPO and AOS parameters (malonic dialdehyde, diene conjugates, red cell resistance to peroxide hemolysis, catalase, superoxide dismutase, cerulloplasmin, plasma total estrogens, progesterone and testosterone) were made in 10 young males with moderate AP and 20 healthy controls. UV blood irradiation in AP is shown to be pathogenetically validated. It works via effective stabilization of LPO as a result of early adequate stimulation of endogenic AOS. Positive changes were also induced in the system of hormonal regulation. It is suggested that hyperestrogenemia plays a compensatory role in AP pathogenesis.

[Use of potentiometric titration at constant pH for determination of the activity of lipoprotein lipase]. / Primenenie metoda potentsiometricheskogo titrovaniia pri postoiannom pH dlia opredeleniia aktivnosti lipoproteidlipazy

A method is developed for determination of the lipoprotein lipase activity. The method is based on the steady state potentiometric titration at constant pH value of higher fatty acids, liberated during the hydrolysis. An oil emulsion intralipid, activated by human blood serum, was used as a substrate. The sensitivity of the method was equal to 0.004-0.010 micronM of fatty acids per min. The reproducibility of the results was 2-5%. This simple and rapid method enabled to study kinetic of reactions, catalyzed by lipoprotein lipases.

[Exogenous and endogenous risk factors in the development of nonspecific lung diseases in young people]. / Ekzogennye i éndogennye faktory riska v razvitii nespetsificheskikh zabolevanii legkikh u lits molodogo vozrasta.

An organized community numbering 900 normal subjects aged 18 to 19 years were examined. Acute pneumonia was encountered in 15% of persons of the group under study per year. To identify persons with premorbid condition of nonspecific pulmonary diseases, anamnestic screening and outpatient examinations (microbiological and immunologic studies) were performed. As a result, the group constituted by subjects at risk for disease accounted for 18.6%, whereas S. pneumoniae was found in 44.9%. The immunologic findings were compared to the data obtained in the anamnestic screening. It was inferred that certain anamnestic signs correlated with the immune status. The leading factor in the formation of the premorbid condition lies in integral shifts in the immunologic system during adaptation. It follows from the data obtained that persons with risk factors need immune correction.

[Synthesis and study of the properties of water-insoluble products of the interaction of urease and cellulose derivatives]. / Sintez i issledovanie svoistv nerastvorimykh v vode produktov vzaimodeistviia ureazy i proizvodnykh tselliulozy

As a result of reaction of urease with graft copolymer of cellulose and polyglycidyle methacrylate or with carboxymethyl cellulose, products were synthesized, containing about 2% of chemically bound urease. Binding with the cellulose derivatives was accompanied by about two-fold decrease in urease activity. Carboxymethyl cellulose-urease and polyglycidile methacrylate-cellulose-urease might be repeatedly (for 30 cycles) used for hydrolysis of urea; the enzymatic activity of the first compound did not change, but of the second one--was decreased by 30%. Activity of the compounds was not changed after storage within 2 months in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 at 4 degrees C.

[The metabolism of eicosanoids, glucocorticoids and cyclic nucleotides in young people with acute pneumonia]. / Metabolizm éikozanoidov, gliukokortikoidov i tsiklicheskikh nukleotidov u molodykh liudei s ostroi pnevmoniei.

An investigation into the pathogenesis of acute pneumonia in 37 young men made it possible to ascertain the role of arachidonic acid metabolites and hormonal regulation in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory reaction in acute bacterial pneumonia. At the initial stage of inflammation, invasion of the infectious agent leads to phagocytosis activation, stimulates the output of immunoglobulins belonging to different classes, which, binding antigens, form immune complexes influencing the output of biologically active substances. This is accompanied by the destruction of pulmonary tissue, release of lipid peroxidation radicals and proteinases, by the enhancement of arachidonic acid degradation under the destructive action on the membranes of phospholipase A2 cells to form prostaglandins participating in the changes in the tone of bronchi, pulmonary vessels and affecting blood coagulation. Activation of the hypophyseo-adrenal system leads to the attenuation of the effects produced by biologically active substances and exerts varying actions in the acute and convalescence periods. The data obtained stress an important role played by metabolic functions of the lungs in the integrative connections of all the systems of the body maintaining homeostasis in pneumonia and the main function of the lungs, namely ventilation.

[Chronostructure of ectopic heart activity in the acute phase of myocardial infarction]. / Khronostruktura éktopicheskoi aktivnosti serdtsa v ostroi faze infarkta miokarda.

7-day monitoring of cardiac rhythm has been conducted in 42 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and 15 patients with chronic ischemic heart disease. Hour-by-hour analysis of extrasystole demonstrates that probability of ventricular arrhythmia is maximal in transmural MI, the first 3 days of acute MI are most arrhythmogenic. Follow-up of ventricular ectopic activity (VEA) showed the latter to significantly enhance early in the morning, afternoon and on the first 5 days after midnight. In unpenetrating MI, VEA intensifies in the morning, afternoon and postmidnight hoars. Atrial ectopic activity (AEA) in transmural MI enhances early in the morning, afternoon and at night (on the first 3 days). AEA in unpenetrating MI is more intensive late in the morning and afternoon.

[Renin-aldosterone system in secretion of cortisol in patients with arterial hypertension in European North]. / Sostoianie renin-al'dosteronovoi sistemy i sekretsii kortizola u bol'nykh arterial'nymi gipertenziiami v usloviiakh evrpeiskogo Zapolair'ia.

Renin activity (RA), concentration of aldosterone and hydrocortisone in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay in 78 males with arterial hypertension living in the Far North. RA and aldosterone concentrations were high in patients with borderline arterial hypertension irrespectively of hemodynamic type of the disease. Hydrocortisone levels in them were normal. In hypertension stage I and II RA and hydrocortisone concentrations were normal, while aldosterone levels have risen. Renin-aldosterone index showed high RA in all hemodynamic types of hypertension.

[Aspects of hemodynamics in thyroid dysfunction]. / Osobennossti gemodinamiki pri narusheniiakh funktsii shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

Quantitative electrocardiography, echocardiography and variation pulsometry were used in examination of 231 patients with thyroid dysfunction of various degree. Changes in the central and pulmonary hemodynamics, clinical course, ECG depended on thyroid and thyrotropic blood activity, sympathetic and parasympathetic components of autonomic nervous system. Thyrotoxicosis patients had hemodynamic disorders of the greater and lesser circulation, hypothyroidism patients had only the former.