[Psycho-physiological peculiarities of stomatologists aged 50-65 with essential hypertension].

The article presents the results of studying of psycho-physiological peculiarities in stomatologists in the age before 65, that is actual in modern medicine. Certain specificity of psycho-physiological indices in stomatologists with essential hypertension is shown. The proposition is justified that alexithimia and susceptibility to illnesses of psychosomatic origin (particularly, essential hypertension) in stomatologists are essentially influenced by withdrawal, absence of inclination to partnership, cooperation, compromise at solution of problems and in conflict situations, and irresponsible attitude to other people, reduced empathy and sympathy to other people.

[Peculiarities of professional burnout of anaesthetists-experts in resuscitation in various age periods].

The article is devoted to consideration of the problem of professional burnout with anaesthetists-experts in resuscitation in various age periods that is very actual in modern medicine. It is shown that peculiarity of the doctors' activity provokes formation of professional burnout in them. Psycho-emotional tension born by the sense of responsibility before the patients determines formation of responsible attitude of the doctors towards therapy, but it also has negative consequences in concern with disorder of homeostatic balance and unreasonable energetic expenditure. It is proved that formation of professional burnout in anaesthetists-experts in resuscitation has age specificity. At the age of 30-55 it develops according to two subfactors: motivational-adjusting (reduction of professional achievements) and depersonalizational-derealizational one. Doctors at the age of 56-68 expose asthenic symptomatology of professional burnout.

A new gene family of single fibrinogen domain lectins in Mytilus.

In molluscs haemolymph lectins bearing fibrinogen-like domain (FREP) act as immune pattern-recognition receptors. A full-length cDNAs of MytFREP1 and MytFREP2 cloned from haemocytes of blue mussel Mytilus edulis encoded putative polypeptides of 230 and 241 amino acids. Both polypeptides consist of signal peptide and C-terminal fibrinogen-like domain. Immune functions of these molecules may be extrapolated from the close-related and functionally characterized lectin AiFREP from bay scallop, Argopecten irradians. However, immune challenge experiments with zymosan particles, Escherichia coli bacterium and cercariae of Himasthla elongata (Trematoda) failed to modulate MytFREP1 and MytFREP2 mRNA expression in M. edulis haemocytes. Hypothetically, it argues into rather high specificity of mechanisms triggering a differential expression of MytFREP genes. The search in the EST database revealed orthologous copies for described genes and portion of relatively similar genes from two close-related mytilids, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Mytilus californianus. We document the new multigene family of FREPs from bivalves of genus Mytilus. MytFREP family currently represented by 2 genes from M. edulis, 4 genes from M. californianus and 7 genes from M. galloprovincialis.

Himasthla elongata: effect of infection on expression of the LUSTR-like receptor mRNA in common periwinkle haemocytes.

The first mollusc mRNA coding G-protein-coupled transmembrane receptor (GPcapital ES, CyrillicR), homologous to human receptors LUSTR 1 (GPR107) and LUSTR 2 (GPR108), was isolated from haemocytes of common periwinkle Littorina littorea. The analyses showed that the full-length cDNA is 1935 bp long and is predicted to encode a 614 amino acid protein (named Lit-LUSTR) with a calculated molecular mass of 69.6 kDa and theoretical isoelectric point 7.59. Pair-wise comparisons between Lit-LUSTR and LUSTR proteins from human or mouse have approximately 38% identity and 56% similarity. Lit-LUSTR clusters with LUSTR-A sub-family proteins and is a first characterization of proteins containing Lung7TM-R domain in Mollusca. Significant differences were found between the Lit-LUSTR mRNA levels in haemocytes of healthy periwinkles and those naturally infected with the echinostome trematode Himasthla elongata. Down regulated expression of the LUSTR-like receptor caused by infection illustrates modification of the haemocyte receptor system and may be attributed to the previously demonstrated greater numbers of "immature" haemocytes in the circulation of infected snails.

[The characteristics of the humoral response to respiratory syncytial viral infection in adult patients with different forms of bronchitis]. / Osobennosti gumoral'nogo otveta na respiratorno-sintsitial'nuiu virusnuiu infektsiiu u vzroslykh patsientov s razlichnymi formami bronkhita.

The levels of specific IgG and IgM were determined in 72 patients with verified respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infection: 11 patients with acute delayed bronchitis (ADB), 26 with recurring bronchitis (RB) 35 with chronic obstructive bronchitis (ChOB), by indirect enzyme immunoassay; RS virus was detected by direct immunofluorescent technique. The activity of the inflammatory process in the bronchi was shown to depend upon RS infection activity in cases of ChOB and RB. RS infection was observed to be significantly dependent on obstruction and bronchospasms. The specific humoral response was reduced and delayed in ChOB and RB as compared to acute bronchitis. The possibility of long-term persistence of RS virus antigen in chronic and recurring forms of bronchitis was demonstrated.

[Characteristics of anti-respiratory syncytial humoral immunity during persistence of respiratory syncytial virus antigens in adult patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. / Osobennosti anti-respiratorno-sintsitial'nogo gumoral'nogo immuniteta pri persistentsii antigenov respiratorno-sintsitial'nogo virusa u vzroslykh bol'nykh khronicheskim obstruktivnym bronkhitom.

Specific humoral immune response has been studied in 8 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis, in whom the persistence of RSV was detected, and in a group of patients without RSV persistence. Humoral immunity in patients with RSV persistence vs. those with acute and chronic bronchitis without viral persistence was characterized by the following features: a) earlier and more active production of IgG and, even more so, IgM and IgA; b) long persistence of high titers of anti-RSV IgG, IgM, and IgA-up to 17, 28, and 30 weeks, respectively; c) low anti-RSV neutralizing activity of serum antibodies.

[Streptococcus pneumoniae multiplication in the allantoic cavity of developing chick embryos]. / Razmnozhenie Streptococcus pneumoniae v allantoisnoi polosti razvivaiushchikhsia kurinykh émbrionov.

The possibility of the active multiplication of S. pneumoniae (serotypes 1, 3, 6 and 19) in the allantoic cavity of chick embryos has been demonstrated. This multiplication is accompanied by the development of characteristic changes whose intensity and time of manifestation have been found to depend on the infective dose and the age of the embryo. The accumulation of S. pneumoniae in the allantoic cavity of chick embryos in the absence of visible changes in the biological properties of the infective agent after 5 successive subcultures makes it possible to recommend chick embryos as a model for the study of experimental pneumococcal infection.

[Etiological structure of respiratory infections in different variants of acute bronchitis]. / Etiologicheskaia struktura respiratornykh infektsii pri razlichnykh variantakh ostrogo bronkhita.

The microbiological and virological examination of 87 acute bronchitis patients (36 patients with the prolonged course and 31 patients with the relapsing course of the disease) was carried out. All forms of bronchitis were characterized by a high degree of infection with respiratory viruses and pneumococci. Haemophilus influenzae (type b) infection was registered rather rarely and only in combination with pneumococcal one. The highest characteristics of viro-bacterial associations were found in patients with acute bronchitis and with prolonged form of acute bronchitis, viral associations--with the prolonged and relapsing forms of the course of acute bronchitis in the presence of the bronchoobstructive syndrome.

[Respiratory viral infection and the immune reactivity of patients with different forms of bronchitis]. / Respiratornaia virusnaia infektsiia i immunnaia reaktivnost' u bol'nykh s razlichnymi formami bronkhita.

Virological and immunological examinations made in 258 persons with different forms of bronchitis (acute, relapsing, chronic nonobstructive and obstructive) made it possible to establish a correlation between the forms of bronchitis and the intensity of immunosuppression as well as between the variety and duration of respiratory virus infections, which may indicate that viruses are implicated in the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic processes.

[Characteristics of viral infections in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. / Osobennosti virusnoi infektsii u bol'nykh khronicheskim obstruktivnym bronkhitom.

Virological and immunological studies on 53 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis at the clinical stage of fading exacerbation were conducted. A high percentage of active viral infection (43%), persistence of viruses (25%) and virus-specific components (ribonucleoprotein in influenza) in the cells of brush biopsy bronchial mucosa specimens was characteristic for these patients. The respiratory-syncytial virus was the most common persisting virus (11%). A high percentage of association (72%) of respiratory viruses (influenza, adenoviruses) and pneumonia Mycoplasma contributed to an increase in a period of an infective process. The utmost decrease in indices of cellular immunity (natural killer cell activity, T-cell and phagocytosis function) was detected in a group of patients with a prolonged (over 4 months) virus persistence.

[A method of simultaneous measurement of the total psychophysiologic characteristics of an operator engaged in a tracking task]. / Metodika odnovremennogo izmereniia sovokupnosti psikhofiziologicheskikhkharakteristik operatora v rezhime slezheniia.

The authors suggest a method permitting measurements of emotional tension, the level of emotional stability, preparedness for emergency actions, and of the operator's work fitness. As the method is realized, the process of tracing dynamic objects is being simulated; at the preset moments of time a light or acoustic signal is employed as a signal requiring an emergency action; the tracing characteristics are recorded as are the pulse rate and cutaneogalvanic reactions of the test subject as well as the time characteristics of a reaction.

[Transdermal delivery of insulin]. / Transdermal'nye sistemy vvedeniia insulina.

A possibility is studied of the transdermal delivery of insulin by using a mixture of synthetic analogues of phosphoglycerides (SAP), as a potential activator of hormone diffusion, through the skin. Experimentally in vitro, it was proven that the diffusion of insulin through the skin of two types of transdermal therapeutic form (TTF)--matrix-type and matrix-hydrogel-type--is possible only in presence of activator SAP-M-99. The detected optimal composition of insulin matrix TTF with the area of 40 sq cm enabled a trandermal hormone diffusion speed of 0.26 UNITS/h, which is compatible with the secretion of insulin by the pancreas of an adult (0.25-1.5 UNITS/h). A change-over for the matrix-hydrogel system of insulin delivery based on a 40 sq cm collagenous sponge enabled to increase the insulin diffusion up to 0.54 UNITS/h.

[A programmed system of nonlinear calibration of the devices in an express laboratory]. / Programmnaia sistema nelineinoi kalibrovki priborov ékspress-laboratorii.

In accordance with the concept of a laboratory clinical diagnostic program proposed by I. S. Balakhovskii (1997), a programmed system is developed, which realizes the method of nonlinear calibration of devices in a clinical diagnostic laboratory.

In search of the origin of FREPs: characterization of Aplysia californica fibrinogen-related proteins.

All haemolymph lectins with uniquely juxtaposed N-terminal domain similar to the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) and C-terminal fibrinogen (FBG) termed FBG-related proteins (FREP) are documented till now only in the pulmonate mollusc Biomphalaria glabrata. Using genomic WGS database we have found two FREP genes from marine opistobranch Aplysia californica named AcFREP1 and AcFREP2. The AcFREP1 and AcFREP2 mRNA molecules have been subsequently isolated from cDNA of sea hare larvae as well as adult mollusc tissues. These genes encode proteins (504 and 510aa respectively) with domain architecture typical for FREPs with two N-terminal IgSF domains and C-terminal FBG domain. Although cDNA sequences of AcFREP1 and AcFREP2 are 81% identical, their genomic structure is entirely different: AcFREP1 is intronless and AcFREP2 is encoded in four exons. These genes are paralogous pair in which AcFREP2 is a parental gene and AcFREP1 is the new transposed copy that has lost the introns (retrogene). Using RT-PCR analysis, expression of AcFREP1 and AcFREP2 was shown to be developmentally and tissue-specific and no constitutive expression in haemocytes was found. The overall frequency of nucleotide substitutions in genomic DNA trace sequences of coding region of the AcFREP1 and AcFREP2 is not higher than in the sequences of control conserved genes (actin, FMRFamide). Thus, previously reported high diversification of Biomphalaria FREP gene, BgFREP3, is not detected in Aplysia FREPs. A search for FREP homologs in other available complete genome of mollusc, Lottia gigantea (Patellogastropoda), a representative of the evolutionary earliest gastropod clade, did not reveal any DNA sequences coding for similar lectins. We suggest that unique domain architecture of FREPs is an evolutionary novelty that appeared and evolved only within one branch of Protostomata species, exclusively in heterobranch molluscs (Pulmonata and Opistobranchia).