RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Daily psychological stress has been proposed as a risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Western countries. However, there is little information about the relationship between daily psychological stress and the risk of SLE in a Japanese population. We examined the association between SLE and daily psychological stress. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted to examine the relationship between daily psychological stress and SLE in Japanese females. The participants were 160 female SLE patients and 660 female volunteers. Unconditional logistic regression was used to compute OR and 95% confidence interval (CI), with adjustment for several covariates. RESULTS: Smoking (OR = 2.59; 95% CI, 1.74-3.86), walking (OR = 1.75; 95% CI, 1.81-2.56) and daily psychological stress (OR = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.14-3.10) were increased in patients with SLE after adjusting for age, region and all factors. Smokers with daily psychological stress (OR = 4.70; 95% CI = 2.53-8.77) were more prevalent than nonsmokers without daily psychological stress in SLE. The multiplicative interaction measures between smoking status and daily psychological stress did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests the possibility that daily psychological stress as well as smoking might be associated with an increased risk of SLE.
Assuntos
Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Fumar/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Povo Asiático , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Japão , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify the clinical characteristics of hospitalized children with the 2009 pandemic influenza virus infection in Japan. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed cases of hospitalized children younger than 16 years with laboratory-confirmed influenza A virus infection during the 2009-2010 pandemic season in five hospitals in Japan. RESULTS: A total of 515 cases were included in the analysis. The median age was 6.3 years (range 0-15), and 216 subjects (41.9%) had one or more underlying medical conditions. There were no fatalities, but 16 patients (3.1%) required intensive care. More than 93% of the subjects received neuraminidase inhibitors, and more than 87% received these medications within 48 h of the onset of symptoms. Approximately 80% of all subjects were admitted to hospital within 48 h of the onset of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: There were no fatalities, and the proportion of patients with serious illness was substantially lower than previously reported from other countries. Good access to medical services and proactive treatment may have contributed to the lower disease burden of the 2009 influenza pandemic on Japanese children.
Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Criança Hospitalizada/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hospitais , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Influenza Humana/tratamento farmacológico , Influenza Humana/virologia , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Association of the polymorphisms of the genes, TNF receptor type II gene (TNF-RII), cytochrome P4501A1 gene (CYP1A1) and glutathione S-transferase M1 gene (GSTM1), with SLE was investigated. TNF-RII mediates inflammatory and immune response, whereas CYP1A1 and GSTM1 are involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics. These three genes are involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play a critical role for autoimmune diseases. METHODS: A total of 152 SLE patients and 427 healthy individuals in a female Japanese population were enrolled in the study. Case-control studies were performed for the polymorphisms of these three genes. RESULTS: The carriers of TNF-RII 196R were at a significantly increased risk for SLE with odds ratio (OR) of 1.59 (95% CI = 1.01, 2.52). CYP1A1 3801C homozygotes had a significantly increased risk of SLE (OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.28, 4.78). On the other hand, GSTM1 null genotype was not associated with SLE risk. As for combination action of two loci, CYP1A1 3801C/GSTM1 null combination was more strongly associated with an increased risk of SLE (OR = 4.35; 95% CI = 1.76, 10.73). Moreover, TNF-RII 196M/CYP1A1 3801C/GSTM1 null genotype combination was most significantly associated with SLE (OR = 5.83; 95% CI = 2, 17.04). CONCLUSIONS: The individuals carrying two or more 'at-risk' genotypes of TNF-RII, CYP1A1 and GSTM1 had a significantly more increased risk for SLE compared with those having each 'at-risk' genotype. Combination of the risk genotypes will be important to more clearly identify the population at risk for SLE.
Assuntos
Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/genética , Glutationa Transferase/genética , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/genética , Receptores Tipo II do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the primary concerns of terminally ill cancer patients in a Short-Term Life Review among Japanese, Koreans, and Americans to develop intervention programs to be tailored to patients in other countries. METHOD: Twenty Japanese, 16 Korean, and 7 American terminally ill cancer patients who were in the hospice wards of general Christian hospitals in each country participated in this study. Medical staff members (nurses, social workers, clinical psychologists) performed Short-Term Life Review Interviews with each patient. Patients reviewed their lives in the first session, the interviewers made simple albums for each patient in the week following the first session, and patients and interviewers then confirmed the contents of the album. The treatment period was 1 week. Measurement instruments included the Functional Assessment Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual (FACIT-Sp) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The contents of each interview session were transcribed, and correspondence analysis and a significance test were conducted on these data to select characteristic words or phrases. RESULTS: Using the FACIT-Sp scores, the following concerns were chosen, in descending order of frequency. In Japan, primary concerns consisted of such ideas as "good human relationships and transcendence," "achievements and satisfaction," "good memories and important things," and "bitter memories." In Korea, "religious life," "right behavior for living," "strong consideration for children and will," and "life for living" were primary concerns. In the United States, "love, pride, will to children," "good, sweet memories," and "regret and a feeling of loss" were primary concerns. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: We clarify the differences among the primary concerns from the Short-Term Life Reviews, arguing that we can improve the spiritual well-being of terminally ill cancer patients by focusing on the primary concerns within each country.
Assuntos
Comparação Transcultural , Entrevista Psicológica , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Neoplasias/etnologia , Neoplasias/psicologia , Assistência Terminal/psicologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Hospitais para Doentes Terminais , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Rememoração Mental , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inventário de Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicometria , Religião e Psicologia , República da Coreia , Valores Sociais/etnologia , Espiritualidade , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of seasonal influenza vaccination on the development of influenza-like illness (ILI), as well as to investigate factors related to the development of ILI among patients in a Japanese dialysis facility. One hundred eighty-three hemodialysis (HD) patients were followed up from November 2008 to March 2009. During the follow-up period, 17 patients developed ILI. We compared the characteristics of these 17 patients to patients without ILI. Compared to the non-ILI group (N = 166), the ILI group (N = 17) showed a non-significantly lower rate of influenza vaccination (70.6% vs. 86.7%, P = 0.07), while any other factor did not differ between the two groups. Influenza vaccination tended to reduce the risk of ILI (Odds ratio = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.12 to 1.14, P = 0.07). The findings of the present study suggested that the influenza vaccine was 60% effective to prevent ILI among HD patients, although the effectiveness was not statistically significant.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Diálise Renal , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate factors associated with admission of frail elderly to hospitals or nursing homes with a home-visit nursing service. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: 395 consecutive frail elderly who were receiving domiciliary visits by nurses from St. Mary's home-visit nursing station between April 1993 and March 1998. RESULTS: 1) During the six-month follow-up, malignancy was positively related to admission to either hospitals or nursing homes while severe disability curtailing activities of daily living was negatively related to admission. During both one-year and two-years follow-up, severe disability of daily living was negatively related to admission. 2) Elderly people consulting doctors at general hospitals were more commonly hospitalized or institutionalized than those consulting family doctors in clinics. 3) The need for a short-stay service (i.e., "temporary nursing home assistance") was a risk factor for admission during the six months, one-year and two-years follow-up periods. CONCLUSION: The frail elderly should consult family doctors in clinics in order to avoid admission to hospitals or nursing homes.
Assuntos
Idoso Fragilizado/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar , Institucionalização , Casas de Saúde , Admissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Atividades Cotidianas , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Pessoas com Deficiência , Feminino , Assistência Domiciliar , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is involved in the metabolism of various environmental substances, both with and without carcinogenic potential. Alcoholic and nonalcoholic caffeine-rich beverages may be associated with markers of inflammation. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multifaceted inflammatory disease. We investigated the effects of alcoholic and nonalcoholic caffeine-rich beverages on risk of SLE and determined whether the effects were modified by NAT2 status. METHODS: The NAT2 polymorphism was genotyped in 152 SLE cases and 427 healthy controls, all women and Japanese. We assessed effect modification by testing an interaction term for the NAT2 polymorphism and consumption of beverages. RESULTS: Consumption of black tea (odds ratio [OR] 1.88, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.03-3.41) and coffee (OR 1.57, 95% CI 0.95-2.61), but not green tea, was associated with an increased risk of SLE, while alcohol use (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.20-0.55) was associated with a decreased risk of SLE. There were significant interactions between the NAT2 polymorphism and either alcohol use (Pinteraction = 0.026) or consumption of black tea (Pinteraction = 0.048). CONCLUSION: The NAT2 polymorphism significantly modified the effects of alcohol use and black tea consumption on SLE, emphasizing the importance of incorporating genetic and metabolic information in studies on management of SLE. Additional studies are warranted to confirm the findings suggested in this study.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Arilamina N-Acetiltransferase/genética , Bebidas/efeitos adversos , Cafeína/efeitos adversos , Genótipo , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/etiologia , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/genética , Povo Asiático/genética , Bebidas/estatística & dados numéricos , Cafeína/administração & dosagem , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/genética , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/metabolismo , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMO
Patients with hematological malignancies have high risk for morbidity and mortality from influenza. This study was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of an influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine among such subjects. Fifty subjects were vaccinated twice during the 2009-2010 season. The antibody response was expressed in terms of mean fold rise (MFR) of geometric mean titer, seroresponse proportion (sR), and seroprotection proportion (sP). The first vaccination induced only a small response, and additional antibody was acquired after the second dose (MFR 2.3 and 3.9, sR 32% and 54%, and sP 30% and 48% after the first and the second vaccination, respectively). Rituximab treatment showed an especially inhibitory effect (MFR 1.3, sR 9% and sP 0%). When analyzed using logistic regression models, only rituximab was found to have an independent effect; the adjusted odds ratio for sR was 0.09 (P = 0.05). Influenza vaccination of patients with hematological malignancies resulted in adepuate response, and the second vaccination induced additional antibody. It is therefore recommended to vaccinate this group twice.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Hematológicas/complicações , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/imunologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Vacinas contra Influenza/efeitos adversos , Influenza Humana/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Rituximab , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Cigarette smoking may be associated with increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), whereas the role of alcohol consumption is unknown. We examined the association between SLE risk and smoking or drinking. METHODS: We investigated the relationship of smoking and drinking compared to SLE risk among 171 SLE cases and 492 healthy controls in female Japanese subjects. Unconditional logistic regression was used to compute OR and 95% CI, with adjustments for several covariates. RESULTS: Compared with nonsmoking, current smoking was significantly associated with increased risk of SLE (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.86-5.03). The higher the level of exposure to cigarette smoke, the higher the risk of SLE. Inhalation was also associated with increased SLE risk (OR 3.73, 95% CI 1.46-9.94 for moderate inhalation; OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.81-5.15 for deep inhalation). In contrast, light/moderate alcohol consumption had a protective effect on SLE risk (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.19-0.76). As for beer, the risks for non-beer drinkers and beer drinkers were similar. This also applies to alcoholic beverages other than beer. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that smoking was positively associated with increased SLE risk whereas light/moderate alcohol consumption was inversely associated with SLE risk, irrespective of the type of alcoholic beverage. Additional studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Povo Asiático/estatística & dados numéricos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/epidemiologia , Fumar/epidemiologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/etiologia , Risco , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/efeitos adversos , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have identified signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) as a susceptibility gene for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in different populations. Similarly, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1B (TNFRSF1B) has been reported to be associated with SLE risk in Japanese populations. Along with environmental factors such as smoking, both polymorphisms may modulate an individual's susceptibility to SLE. We investigated these relationships in a case-control study to evaluate risk factors for SLE among Japanese women. METHODS: We investigated the relationship of the STAT4 rs7574865 and TNFRSF1B rs1061622 polymorphisms to SLE risk with special reference to their combination and interaction with cigarette smoking among 152 SLE cases and 427 controls. RESULTS: The TT genotype of STAT4 rs7574865 was significantly associated with increased risk of SLE (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.10-4.68). Subjects with at least one G allele of TNFRSF1B rs1061622 had an increased risk of SLE (OR 1.56, 95% CI 0.99-2.47). The attributable proportion due to the interaction between the TNFRSF1B rs1061622 genotypes and smoking was estimated to be 0.49 (95% CI 0.07-0.92), indicating that 49% of the excess risk for SLE in smokers with at least one G allele was due to an additive interaction. A lack of significant associations of STAT4 with smoking was observed. No significant gene-gene interactions were found among polymorphisms of STAT4 and TNFRSF1B. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the association between cigarette smoking and SLE could be differentiated by the TNFRSF1B rs1061622 T allele among female Japanese subjects. This preliminary exploratory result should be confirmed in a larger study.
Assuntos
Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/etnologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Receptores Tipo II do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/genética , Fator de Transcrição STAT4/genética , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença/etnologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Japão , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Many risk factors have been proposed for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, there is little information about the relationship between lifestyles and SLE in Japan. Two case control studies were conducted in Kyushu, southern Japan, and in Hokkaido, northern Japan, to examine the relationship between lifestyles and development of SLE in females. The participants were 78 patients and 329 controls in Kyushu and 35 patients and 188 controls in Hokkaido. Smoking was associated with an increased risk of SLE after adjusting for age in both regions. However, in Hokkaido, this association between smoking and SLE did not reach statistical significance after adjusting for alcohol drinking. The present study suggests that smoking may increase the risk of SLE among Japanese females.