RESUMO
Protocadherin 11 Y-linked (PCDH11Y), a member of the cadherin superfamily, is predominantly expressed in the central nervous system, is encoded by the Yp11.2 locus and exists in three isoforms: 11Ya, 11Yb and 11Yc. PCDH11Y is upregulated by retinoic acid signalling and is essential for spermatogonial differentiation and initiation of meiosis. PCDH11Y mediates Wnt signalling, which plays a crucial role in the differentiation of various cell types. PCDH11Y has been implicated in neuronal cell differentiation and proliferation, but its association with spermatogenesis has not yet been addressed. Hence, in order to address the possible role of PCDH11Y in relation to spermatogenesis, the expression analysis of PCDH11Y in the seminal germ cells of fertile and infertile males were carried out employing RT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. In the present study, PCDH11Yb, but not PCDH11Ya or PCDH11Yc, was expressed in germ cells isolated from the semen of all 13 men with proven fertility. However, in several subjects from various infertility classes, there was complete absence or a significant reduction in the expression of PCDH11Yb. PCDH11Y exhibited prominent localisation on the head and midpiece region of spermatozoa from fertile men, whereas spermatozoa from infertile subjects had either weak or abnormal localisation patterns for PCDH11Y. In addition, downregulation of canonical Wnt signalling was correlated with defective expression of PCDH11Y in spermatozoa of infertile men, as evidenced by downregulation of the Wnt targets C-Myc and C-Jun. In conclusion, expression levels of PCDH11Yb in germ cells in the semen were correlated with the fertility status of men.
Assuntos
Caderinas/metabolismo , Fertilidade/fisiologia , Infertilidade Masculina/metabolismo , Espermatogênese/fisiologia , Espermatozoides/metabolismo , Adulto , Caderinas/genética , Regulação para Baixo/fisiologia , Humanos , Infertilidade Masculina/genética , Masculino , Protocaderinas , Sêmen/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Contagem de Espermatozoides , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/fisiologiaRESUMO
Loss of function of TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders in both humans and animal models. TDP-43 has also been shown to be cis-acting transcriptional repressor of the acrosome vesicle (Acrv) gene in mice. In the present study, we investigated the expression of the TDP-43 transcript (TARDBP) and protein in germ cells from 11 fertile and 98 subfertile men to verify its potential association with poor seminograms. The expression profile of TDP-43 was characterised in immature germ cells and spermatozoa from semen from fertile and subfertile men using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunofluorescence. Although germ cells from subfertile men tested negative for TARDBP, the full-length message of the same was detected in fertile men. TDP-43 was detected in spermatozoa from fertile men using western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. The expression of this protein was negligible in spermatozoa from men with primary spermatogenic dysfunction. We conclude that a deficiency in the TDP-43 expression is associated with defective spermatogenesis and male infertility. We propose that TDP-43 could be used as a marker of male factor infertility.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Regulação para Baixo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Infertilidade Masculina/metabolismo , Espermatogênese , Espermatozoides/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/química , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Humanos , Índia , Infertilidade Masculina/patologia , Infertilidade Masculina/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Microscopia Confocal , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Peso Molecular , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/química , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/genética , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Proteólise , Processamento Pós-Transcricional do RNA , RNA Mensageiro/química , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Análise do Sêmen , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Espermatozoides/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To report a case of pseudoaneurysm causing massive hematuria with hemodynamic instability occurring after oocyte retrieval. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Tertiary care infertility clinic. PATIENT(S): A 34-year-old woman with endometriosis undergoing oocyte aspiration for IVF. INTERVENTION(S): Blood transfusion, cystoscopy, and resection and cauterization of pseudoaneurysm. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Control of hematuria and hemodynamic stability. RESULT(S): Massive hematuria occurred after oocyte retrieval. Blood transfusion was given. Cystoscopy was done, and a bleeding pseudoaneurysm was seen. It was resected and cauterized. CONCLUSION(S): Pseudoaneurysm after oocyte retrieval has not been reported before. It resulted in massive hematuria causing hemodynamic instability. Immediate resuscitation and cystoscopy should be performed on all patients who present with persistent hematuria after oocyte retrieval. Injury to surrounding structures should always be kept in mind during oocyte retrieval.