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Quantum systems usually feature a rich multilevel structure with promising resources for developing superior quantum technologies compared with their binary counterpart. Single-shot readout of these high-dimensional quantum systems is essential for exploiting their potential. Although there have been various high-spin systems, the single-shot readout of the overall state of high-spin systems remains a challenging issue. Here we demonstrate a reliable single-shot readout of spin qutrit state in a low-temperature solid-state system utilizing a binary readout scheme. We achieve a single-shot readout of an electron spin qutrit associated with a single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond with an average fidelity of 87.80%. We use this spin qutrit system to verify quantum contextuality, a fundamental test of quantum mechanics. We observe a violation of the noncontextual hidden variable inequality with the developed single-shot readout in contrast to the conventional binary readout. These results pave the way for developing quantum information processing based on spin qutrits.
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The Sensors Editorial Office retracts the article, "TRUST: A Novel Framework for Vehicle Trajectory Recovery from Urban-Scale Videos" [...].
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Biochar is widely recognized as a soil amendment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance soil carbon storage in agroecosystems; however, the systematic focus on carbon balance and ecological benefits in cropping systems remains unclear in saline-alkali areas under water-saving irrigation. Here, a 2-yr field experiment with carbon footprint method was conducted to determine soil carbon budgets, biochar carbon efficiency performance, and the economic and ecological benefits of mulched drip-irrigated sorghum production, in an arid salinized region of Inner Mongolia, China. Corn straw-derived biochar dosages of 0 (CK), 15 (B15), 30 (B30), and 45 (B45) t hm-2 were just applied into the soil in the first crop growing season. A single application of biochar to soil significantly reduced CO2 emissions for the current and subsequent crop-growing seasons, with 13.1%, 16.7%, and 12.5% reductions for B15, B30, and B45, respectively. Compared with the non-biochar control plots, B15, B30, and B45 also increased NPP by 36.7%, 38.4%, and 27.1%, respectively. The actual effects on improving net carbon sequestration for B15, B30, and B45 in the first year were higher than those in the second year, with mean increases of 1.27, 1.47, and 1.36 times, respectively; however, the efficiencies of biochar for fixing carbon per biochar dosage input for B15 were 72.8% and 64.1% higher than those of B30 and B45, respectively. Net profits were significantly improved by 57.2-87.1% by biochar treatments. The environmental benefits of biochar carbon trading revenues for B15, B30, and B45 increased by 105.9%, 162.1%, and 109.6%, respectively. The minimum observation for carbon productivity and the maximum measurements for both the economic and ecological benefits were B15. The B15 also significantly increased sorghum yield and grain number. Results demonstrate that biochar application in the current growing season helps reduce soil carbon emissions, increases net carbon sequestration for current and subsequent sorghum agroecosystems, and enhances net profit and ecological benefits. The optimal positive synergistic effect was observed at a biochar application rate of 15 t hm-2 for reducing soil carbon emissions, increasing crop production, and improving the ecological environment.
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Oryza , Sorghum , Agricultura/métodos , Fazendas , Álcalis , Sequestro de Carbono , Carvão Vegetal , Carbono/análise , Solo , ChinaRESUMO
Sepsis is a complex, multifactorial syndrome characterized by a dysregulated host response to infection, leading to severe organ dysfunction and high mortality rates among critically ill patients. Hypovitaminosis C and vitamin C deficiency are frequently observed in septic patients, prompting interest in the potential therapeutic role of ascorbic acid. Although intravenous administration of ascorbic acid has been investigated in multiple clinical trials for sepsis treatment, the specific immunomodulatory mechanisms underlying its effects remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of high-dose ascorbic acid on experimental sepsis. Results show that intravenous administration of high-dose ascorbic acid (250 mg/kg) attenuated sepsis-induced organ dysfunctions in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic mouse model. Ascorbic acid improved splenic cell apoptosis and increased the number of CD3+ T cells in septic mice induced by CLP. Furthermore, ascorbic acid downregulated PD-L1 expression in livers, reduced PD-1 expression in spleens, and inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT1 at Y701 in multiple organs of CLP-induced septic mice. The in vitro experiments also revealed that 800 µM ascorbic acid suppressed STAT1 phosphorylation and inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression in macrophages. These findings suggest that ascorbic acid prevents sepsis-associated organ dysfunction through the p-STAT1/PD-L1 signaling pathway. Our study provides new insights into the potential therapeutic use of ascorbic acid in sepsis.
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Antineoplásicos , Sepse , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Antígeno B7-H1 , Insuficiência de Múltiplos Órgãos , Fosforilação , Sepse/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Fator de Transcrição STAT1RESUMO
Following the rising interest in quantum information science, the extension of a heat engine to the quantum regime by exploring microscopic quantum systems has seen a boon of interest in the last decade. Although quantum coherence in the quantum system of the working medium has been investigated to play a nontrivial role, a complete understanding of the intrinsic quantum advantage of quantum heat engines remains elusive. We experimentally demonstrate that the quantum correlation between the working medium and the thermal bath is critical for the quantum advantage of a quantum Szilárd engine, where quantum coherence in the working medium is naturally excluded. By quantifying the nonclassical correlation through quantum steering, we reveal that the heat engine is quantum when the demon can truly steer the working medium. The average work obtained by taking different ways of work extraction on the working medium can be used to verify the real quantum Szilárd engine.
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We study a new type of path inference query against urban-scale video databases. Given a vehicle image query, our goal is to recover its historical trajectory from the footprints captured by surveillance cameras deployed across the road network. The problem is challenging because visual matching inherently suffers from object occlusion, low camera resolution, varying illumination conditions, and viewing angles. Furthermore, with limited computation resources, only a fraction of video frames can be ingested and indexed, causing severe data sparsity issues for visual matching. To support efficient and accurate trajectory recovery, we develop a select-and-refine framework in a heterogeneous hardware environment with both CPUs and GPUs. We construct a proximity graph from the top-k visually similar frames and propose holistic scoring functions based on visual and spatial-temporal coherence. To avoid enumerating all the paths, we also propose a coarse-grained scoring function with monotonic property to reduce search space. Finally, the derived path is refined by examining raw video frames to fill the missing cameras. For performance evaluation, we construct two largest-scale video databases generated from cameras deployed upon real road networks. Experimental results validate the efficiency and accuracy of our proposed trajectory recovery framework.
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A leaf structure with high porosity is beneficial for lateral CO2 diffusion inside the leaves. However, the leaf structure of maize is compact, and it has long been considered that lateral CO2 diffusion is restricted. Moreover, lateral CO2 diffusion is closely related to CO2 pressure differences (ΔCO2). Therefore, we speculated that enlarging the ΔCO2 between the adjacent regions inside maize leaves may result in lateral diffusion when the diffusion resistance is kept constant. Thus, the leaf structure and gas exchange of maize (C4), cotton (C3), and other species were explored. The results showed that maize and sorghum leaves had a lower mesophyll porosity than cotton and cucumber leaves. Similar to cotton, the local photosynthetic induction resulted in an increase in the ΔCO2 between the local illuminated and the adjacent unilluminated regions, which significantly reduced the respiration rate of the adjacent unilluminated region. Further analysis showed that when the adjacent region in the maize leaves was maintained under a steady high light, the photosynthesis induction in the local regions not only gradually reduced the ΔCO2 between them but also progressively increased the steady photosynthetic rate in the adjacent region. Under field conditions, the ΔCO2, respiration, and photosynthetic rate of the adjacent region were also markedly changed by fluctuating light in local regions in the maize leaves. Consequently, we proposed that enlarging the ΔCO2 between the adjacent regions inside the maize leaves results in the lateral CO2 diffusion and supports photosynthesis in adjacent regions to a certain extent under fluctuating light.
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Dióxido de Carbono , Zea mays , Dióxido de Carbono/farmacologia , Luz , Fotossíntese , Folhas de Planta , DifusãoRESUMO
Yellow phosphorous flue dust (YPFD) is a solid waste produced by the yellow phosphorus industry that contains heavy metals such as zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb), causing environmental damage. In this work, a vacuum metallurgy method is proposed to separate and recover Zn and Pb from solid waste YPFD. Under optimized conditions of 1173 K, 30 wt% reductant dosage, 60 min, and 5-10 Pa, the pre-separation of Zn and Pb was realized and the recovery rates of Zn and Pb reached 92.47% and 99.78%, respectively. In addition, gallium (Ga) remained in the residue with little loss, and then recovered by raising the reaction temperature to 1323 K. The recovery rates of Ga reached 87.57%. The principle of metal volatilization under vacuum at different temperatures was also clarified. The thermodynamic calculations of the carbothermal reduction reaction of metal oxides under vacuum were carried out. The analysis of the product obtained at 1173 K showed that Zn and Pb mainly existed in the form of elemental or simple compounds. At 1323 K, Ga in the residue was highly enriched in the condensation zone, which is conducive for the subsequent purification. The whole process is short, there is no waste water, low levels of pollution of emitted, and the technology provides a clean and sustainable way to reuse YPFD.
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Metais Pesados , Zinco , Poeira , Chumbo , Metalurgia , Metais Pesados/análise , Fósforo , Vácuo , Zinco/análiseRESUMO
Both high ionic conductivity and selectivity of a membrane are required for efficient salinity gradient energy conversion. An efficient method to improve energy conversion is to align ionic transport along the membrane thickness to address low ionic conductivity in traditional membranes used for energy harvesting. We fabricated a free-standing covalent organic framework membrane (TpPa-SO3 H) with excellent stability and mechanical properties. This membrane with one-dimensional nanochannels and high charge density demonstrated high ionic conductivity and selectivity. Its power density reached up to 5.9â W m-2 by mixing artificial seawater and river water. Based on our results, we attribute the high energy conversion to the high ion conductivity through aligned one-dimensional nanochannels and high ion selectivity via the size of the nanochannel at ≈1â nm in the membrane. This study paves the way for designing covalent organic framework membranes for high salinity gradient energy conversion.
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Quantum simulation, as a state-of-the-art technique, provides a powerful way to explore topological quantum phases beyond natural limits. Nevertheless, it is usually hard to simulate both the bulk and surface topological physics at the same time to reveal their correspondence. Here we build up a quantum simulator using nitrogen-vacancy center to investigate a three-dimensional (3D) chiral topological insulator, and demonstrate the study of both the bulk and surface topological physics by quantum quenches. First, a dynamical bulk-surface correspondence in momentum space is observed, showing that the bulk topology of the 3D phase uniquely corresponds to the nontrivial quench dynamics emerging on 2D momentum hypersurfaces called band inversion surfaces (BISs). This is the momentum-space counterpart of the bulk-boundary correspondence in real space. Further, the symmetry protection of the 3D chiral phase is uncovered by measuring dynamical spin textures on BISs, which exhibit perfect (broken) topology when the chiral symmetry is preserved (broken). Finally, we measure the topological charges to characterize directly the bulk topology and identify an emergent dynamical topological transition when varying the quenches from deep to shallow regimes. This work demonstrates how a full study of topological phases can be achieved in quantum simulators.
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Due to their high-porosity, nanoporous structure and pores, aerogel materials possess extremely low thermal conductivity and have broad potential in the thermal insulation field. Silica aerogel materials are widely used because of their low thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance. Pure silica aerogel is very fragile and nearly transparent to the infrared spectrum within 3â»8 µm. Doping fibers and opacifiers can overcome these drawbacks. In this paper, the influences of opacifier type and content on the thermal conductivity of silica fiber mat-aerogel composite are experimentally studied using the transient plane source method. The thermal insulation performances are compared from 100 to 750 °C at constant pressure in nitrogen atmosphere among pure fiber mat, fiber mat-aerogel, 20% SiC-fiber mat-aerogel, 30% ZrO2-fiber mat-aerogel and 20% SiC + 30% ZrO2-fiber mat-aerogel. Fiber mat-aerogel doped with 20% SiC has the lowest thermal conductivity, 0.0792 W/m·K at 750 °C, which proves that the proper type and moderate content of opacifier dominates the low thermal conductivity. The pore size distribution indicates that the volume fraction of the micropore and mesopore is also the key factor for reducing the thermal conductivity of porous materials.
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Géis/química , Dióxido de Silício/química , Condutividade Térmica , Temperatura Alta , PorosidadeRESUMO
This study aims at extensively investigating the explosion characteristics of a hybrid mixture of gas and coal dust. Accordingly, the standard 20 L spherical explosion system was applied to measure parameters such as the lower explosion limit, maximum explosion pressure, and index of the hybrid mixture of different concentrations of gas and coal dust. Moreover, different coal dust particle sizes and components were measured. With regard to coal dust with different particle sizes and components, the obtained results revealed that, while the addition of gas significantly reduced the lower explosion limit, the maximum explosion pressure and index were increased; that is to say, the presence of gas will increase the explosion risk of coal dust. However, under conditions in which the particle size of the coal dust was large or the volatile content was low, the addition of gas was found to lead to a higher decrease of the lower explosion limit; this is, while the maximum explosion pressure and explosion index were increased. Consequently, gas can be argued to have a greater influence on the explosion risk of coal dust with a large particle size or low volatile content. Furthermore, regardless of the particle size or the volatile content of coal dust, the maximum explosion pressure and explosion index of the hybrid mixture were observed to be higher than that of the pure coal dust but lower than that of the pure gas. That is to say, the explosion intensity of the gas/coal dust composite system is higher than that of pure coal dust but less than that of pure gas. The research results can provide theoretical basis for coal mine explosion disaster prevention and control and have important significance.
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Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is widely used for its cleanliness and high efficiency in industry and city life. In order to improve the suppression effect on LPG explosion, a constant volume combustion bomb was used to investigate the synergistic influence of N2/ultrafine water mist on the explosion and combustion characteristics of 6% premixed LPG/air gas. The results showed that (1) the effect of a single ultrafine water mist on suppressing LPG explosion is unstable. When the concentration of ultrafine water mist is low, the flame acceleration in the initial stage of explosion is promoted, and when the ultrafine water mist with a mass fraction of 420 g/m3 is introduced, the maximum pressure rise rate increases. (2) The combination of N2/ultrafine water mist has a synergistic effect on LPG explosion. Compared to the individual suppression effects, the combination of N2/ultrafine water mist showed more effective suppression on the explosion pressure, flame propagation, and flame instability of LPG explosion. (3) Through the mechanism analysis, it is found that the combined action of N2/ ultrafine water mist can better reduce the mole fraction and ROP peak of active free radicals such as H, O, and OH by inhibiting the main reaction of generating H, O, and OH radicals during the explosion of LPG, resulting in the reduction of flame free radicals in the explosion system, thus effectively inhibiting the chain reaction of ignition and explosion of LPG. This research can provide guidance for a better understanding and implementation of gas-liquid two-phase suppression technology for LPG explosion.
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The explosion risk of ethylene (C2H4) seriously hinders safe development of its production and processing. To reduce the harm caused by C2H4 explosion, an experimental study was conducted to assess the explosion inhibition characteristics of KHCO3 and KH2PO4 powders. The experiments were conducted based on the explosion overpressure and flame propagation of the 6.5% C2H4-air mixture in a 5 L semi-closed explosion duct. Both the physical and chemical inhibition characteristics of the inhibitors were mechanistically assessed. The results showed that the 6.5% C2H4 explosion pressure (P ex) decreases by increasing the concentration of KHCO3 or KH2PO4 powder. The inhibition effect of KHCO3 powder on the C2H4 system explosion pressure was better than that of the KH2PO4 powder under similar concentration conditions. Both powders significantly affected the flame propagation of the C2H4 explosion. Compared with KH2PO4 powder, KHCO3 powder had a better inhibition effect on the flame propagation speed, but its ability to reduce the flame luminance was less than KH2PO4 powder. Finally, the inhibition mechanism(s) of KHCO3 and KH2PO4 powders were revealed based on the powders' thermal characteristics and gas-phase reaction.
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The design of orthodontic arch wires is a prerequisite for orthodontic treatment that determines the subsequent orthodontic effects. Current methods for designing orthodontic arch wires are often based on traditional manual techniques, which suffer from problems such as low accuracy and efficiency. To address these issues, a digital orthodontic arch wire design system has been developed using Unity 3D and C#. This system allows for the interactive adjustment and intelligent optimization of the shape of digital orthodontic arch wires. The developed system includes modules for curve design, contour construction, and collision detection of orthodontic arch wires, which can be customized interactively to meet the personalized needs of patients. In addition, an energy-constrained method is employed to optimize the shape of certain regions of the arch wire, which helps overcome distortion and interference issues caused by unreasonable interaction. The effectiveness of the developed system has been evaluated through experiments on digital design and optimization of orthodontic arch wires. Results demonstrate that the system can achieve accurate and efficient digital design of orthodontic arch wires, effectively reduce distortion, and is expected to improve the orthodontic effect.
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Fios Ortodônticos , Humanos , Desenho de EquipamentoRESUMO
Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Novel therapies interfering with the inflammatory response has been an area of focus for infectious disease treatment. Punicalin has shown strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties; however, its effect in ALI has not been previously explored. Purpose: To investigate the effects of punicalin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: LPS (10 mg/kg) was administered intratracheally to create the ALI model in mice. Punicalin (10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally shortly after LPS to investigate survival rate, lung tissue pathological injury, oxidative stress, levels of inflammatory cytokines in BALF and lung tissue, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and its effects on NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. In vitro studies were performed to evaluate the inflammatory cytokine release and NET formation in LPS-induced (1 µg/ml) and punicalin-treated mouse neutrophils derived from the bone marrow. Results: In vivo, punicalin reduced mortality, lung injury score, lung wet-to-dry (W/D) weight ratio, protein concentrations in BALF and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in lung tissues, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in lung tissues of LPS-induced ALI mice. Increased secretion of TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 in the BALF and the lungs of ALI mice was reversed by punicalin, whereas IL-10 was upregulated. Neutrophil recruitment and NET formation were also decreased by punicalin. Inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways was observed in punicalin-treated ALI mice. In vitro co-incubation with punicalin (50 µg/ml) inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines and NET formation in LPS-treated neutrophils derived from mouse bone marrow. Conclusion: Punicalin reduces inflammatory cytokine production, prevents neutrophil recruitment and NET formation, and inhibits the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in LPS-induced ALI.
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Although an increasing body of evidence supports the crucial role of the SEC24 Homolog D, COPII Coat Complex Component (SEC24D) gene in the initiation and progression of cancer, a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of this gene is still lacking. In this study, we conducted an extensive investigation of SEC24D, aiming to elucidate its potential role and underlying mechanisms across multiple human tumors. Our analysis relied on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. To validate our findings, we employed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), targeted bisulfite sequencing (bisulfite-seq) molecular techniques. Our findings revealed elevated mRNA (Messenger RNA) and protein levels of SEC24D in different tumor tissues. However, the up-regulation of SEC24D was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival (OS), metastasis, and various clinical parameters in esophageal cancer (ESCA), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP). Expression validation analysis via RNA-seq and targeted bisulfite-seq analyses, further confirmed the higher expression of SEC24D in LUAD cancer cell lines as compared to normal controls. The DNA methylation level of SEC24D was found to be decreased in ESCA, LUAD, and KIRP samples. DNA methylation analysis via bisulfite-seq analysis also validate the lower promoter methylation level of SE24D in LUAD cell lines relative to controls. Moreover, we observed a significant association between the elevated expression of SEC24D and the levels of infiltrating cells, such as B cells, neutrophils, macrophages, CD8+ T cells, and CD4+ T cells. Analysis of SEC24-related genes revealed that "Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, SNARE interaction in vesicular transport, Legionellosis, Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection" were mainly involved in the functional mechanism of SEC24D in ESCA, LUAD, and KIRP. Moreover, we also suggested a few valuable drugs (Acetaminophen, Acteoside, Cyclosporine, Polydatin, Estradiol, Estradiol, Quercetin) for treating ESCA, LUAD, and KIRP patients with respect to overexpressed SEC24D. To summarize, this comprehensive pan-cancer study investigated the association between SEC24D expression and clinical parameters in ESCA, LUAD, KIRP. The study provides valuable insights for further exploring the functional and therapeutic aspects of SEC24D and underscores its predictive significance in the carcinogenesis and prognosis of these specific cancer types.
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Research has shown that personality is associated with anxiety levels in the general population. However, little is known about the relationship between personality and preoperative anxiety and the subsequent health outcomes in patients undergoing surgery. Therefore, this review aimed to identify studies that explored the relationship between personality traits and preoperative anxiety, as well as their association with postoperative outcomes. Existing literature shows that anxiety may play an intermediary role in the relationship between personality and postoperative outcomes. Severe anxiety may partially explain the adverse effects of certain personality traits, such as neuroticism, on postoperative outcomes. However, the relationship between personality traits, preoperative anxiety, and postoperative outcomes remains unclear. Interventions such as clinical evaluation, preoperative counseling, and management strategies can be of great value in identifying and resolving patients' anxiety and negative emotions to improve postoperative outcomes.
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Ansiedade , Depressão , Ansiedade/psicologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Humanos , Personalidade , Inventário de PersonalidadeRESUMO
Premixed hydrogen-air explosion experiments were carried out in a 1000 mm × 50 mm × 10 mm half-open narrow channel, concerning with the influences of equivalence ratio and ignition position on explosion behaviors. Experimental phenomena were different from explosion in large space. The results indicated that when ignited at the closed end of the channel, three overpressure peaks appeared, caused by the rupture of the film, Helmholtz Oscillation, and the flame-acoustic interaction, respectively. As the equivalence ratio of the hydrogen-air mixtures varied from 0.6 to 1.6, the peak overpressure first increased and then decreased. The maximum peak overpressure occurred at Ï = 1.2. The hydrogen flame would develop into the plane tulip structure without the influence of the end wall. With the ignition position moved to the open end, overpressure wave and flame oscillated significantly. Compared with other ignition positions, the minimum value of P max was obtained at IP950. Based on the explosion behaviors in the narrow channel, it was concluded that the closer the ignition was to the open end, the easier the oscillation was to be formed, the smaller the explosion hazard was.
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Study objective: Prehabilitation is analogous to marathon training and includes preoperative preparation for exercise, as well as nutrition and psychology. However, evidence-based recommendations to guide prehabilitation before colorectal surgery are limited. We aimed to evaluate the effect of prehabilitation on the postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Design: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies reporting the effect of prehabilitation strategies versus standard care or rehabilitation in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. The primary outcomes were overall postoperative complications and length of hospital stay (LOS), and the secondary outcome was functional capacity (measured using the 6-min walk test [6MWT]) at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. Main results: Fifteen studies with 1,306 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed no significant reduction in the number of overall postoperative complications (risk ratio = 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.79-1.31; p = 0.878) or LOS (standardized mean difference = 0.04; 95% CI = -0.11 to 0.20; p = 0.589) in patients who underwent colorectal surgery with or without prehabilitation strategy. Additionally, there were no significant differences in the functional capacity estimated using the 6MWT at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. Conclusions: Prehabilitation did not significantly affect the number of postoperative complications, LOS, or functional capacity of patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Whether prehabilitation should be recommended deserves further consideration. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=290108, identifier CRD42021290108.