[Cardiovascular diseases burden attributed to low physical activity in China, 1990-2019].

Objective: To analyze the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) attributed to low physical activity (LPA) and its changing trends in China from 1990 to 2019. Methods: On the basis of the province results of the Study of Global Burden of Disease 2019 in China, we described the distribution of CVD death and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) attributed to LPA by sex, age and province. Joinpoint 4.9.1.0 was used to calculate the average annual percentage change. Results: In 2019, the number of CVD deaths and DALY attributed to LPA in people aged ≥25 years were 0.127 million and 1.863 million person-years in China, respectively, The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and standardized DALY rate of CVD attributed to LPA were slightly higher in men than in women, and much higher in ischemic heart disease patients than in ischemic stroke patients. The ASMR (8.85/100 000) and the standardized DALY rate (112.34/100 000) of CVD attributed to LPA in China in 2019 showed no obvious change compared with 1990, while decreased in the last decade. The largest increases in the mortality rate and DALY rate were observed in people aged ≥75 years from 1990 to 2019 (26.89%, 15.61%), but the mortality rate and DALY rate in people aged 60-74 years showed a decreasing trend. The mortality rate and DALY rate in men aged 25- 44 years showed the largest increases (37.50%, 35.49%), while women aged ≥75 years had the largest increases (31.00%, 18.02%). In 2019, the highest ASMR and standardized DALY rate of CVD attributed to LPA were found in Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Hebei. The largest increases were found in Qinghai (182.41%, 154.70%), Gansu (181.29%, 152.77%), and Chongqing (132.01%, 102.79%) and the largest decreases were found in Beijing (59.11%, 62.09%), Macau (41.89%, 39.37%) and Guangdong (36.93%, 40.72%) from 1990 to 2019. Conclusion: The disease burden of CVD attributed to LPA in China was quite high and showed gender, age and area specific differences.

[Study on the willingness to quit smoking and its influencing factors among current smokers in rural areas in China].

Objective: To study the willingness of current smokers to quit smoking in rural areas and related factors to provide a reference for tobacco control. Methods: The data were collected from the China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance in 2018. A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to select 184 509 residents (≥18 years old); among the residents, 10 241 current smokers in rural areas were included in the study. χ2/F test was used to analyze the factors such as willingness to quit smoking and demographic information, tobacco use, cognition of tobacco-related hazard knowledge, the prevalence of chronic diseases, and other factors. Unconditional multifactor logistic regression analysis was used in multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 3 453 (37.46%) considered quitting smoking in the next 12 months. Logistic regression analysis showed that occasional smokers were more willing to quit smoking than daily smokers (OR=0.693, 95%CI: 0.494-0.971), and those who smoked less than 1 pack per day were more willing to quit than those who smoked 1 pack or more per day (OR=0.628,95%CI: 0.511-0.771), those who had quit smoking within 12 months were more willing to quit than those who had not quit within 12 months (OR=0.438, 95%CI: 0.357-0.537), and those with high awareness of tobacco hazards were more willing to quit smoking (OR=1.056, 95%CI: 1.028-1.086). The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: The willingness of current smokers in rural areas to quit smoking is related to the smoking situation, smoking intensity, previous smoking cession experience, and knowledge of the specific health effects of smoking. It suggests that health education should be strengthened through more efficient health communication methods in rural areas and provide brief smoking cessation interventions to improve rural smokers' willingness to quit smoking.