Gene mutations in the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

The present study aimed to investigate gene mutations in the displacement­loop (D­loop) region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in order to examine the role of gene mutation in mtDNA in OSCC tumorigenesis. mtDNA was obtained from cancer tissues, paracancerous tissues and normal mucosal tissues of thirty patients with OSCC. The D­loop region of the mtDNA was amplified using polymerase chain reaction, sequenced and then analyzed by Chromas software and BLAST to identify the mutation sites. Mutations in the D­loop region were observed in the cancer tissue samples of eight out of thirty cases with OSCC, with a mutation rate of 27%. There were nine mutations in total, including one point mutation, two base deletions, three insertion mutations and three heterozygous mutations. In these mutations, base deletions were different from each other and heterozygous mutations did not have the same mutation form; however, the three insertion mutations were the same, consisting of an insertion of a C base. One case contained a T/A heterozygous mutation as well as base insertion of C. The eight cases with mutations in the D­loop region consisted of three cases of tongue cancer, two cases of soft palate cancer, one case of floor of the mouth cancer, one case of oropharyngeal cancer and one case of lip cancer. This study demonstrated mutations in the mtDNA D­loop region in OSCC cells; however, the association between occurrences of OSCC and mtDNA mutations requires further investigation.

[Expression and clinical significance of the genes of Wnt signaling pathway in keratocystic odontogenic tumor of the jaw bones].

PURPOSE: To study the role of genes of Wnt signaling pathway in keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) of the jaw bones. METHODS: Fresh specimens of KCOT and the same patient 's normal oral mucosa were obtained. Then RNA was extracted. Gene chip was used to detect the genes of Wnt signaling pathway. RESULTS: Compared to normal oral mucosa, there were 5 genes of Wnt signaling pathway in KCOT changed, including CAMK2A down-regulated, FZD3, MAPK10, PRKX and WNT5a up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS: There are abnormal expressions of genes of Wnt pathway in KCOT. Genes of Wnt pathway plays certain roles in KCOT.

[The effect evaluation of suction drainage to prevent fistula after superficial parotidectomy].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical value of suction drainage to prevent fistula after parotidectomy, and seek the best opportunity to remove the drainage according to the draining output and duration. METHODS: One hundred and ninety-four patients with parotid diseases after superficial parotidectomy were assigned into pressure dressing group and suction drainage group. Pressure dressing was used after suction drainage tube was removed in the pressure group, while suction drainage tube was fixed through the process in the suction group. Postoperative salivary fistula occurrence between the 2 groups was analyzed with Pearson chi-square test, and the contribution of the output and duration resulting in salivary fistula was analyzed by Fisher's exact test with SPSS 19.0 software package. RESULTS: The occurrence of salivary fistula in the pressure dressing group and suction group was 11.6% and 15.5%, respectively in the suction group. No significance difference was found between the 2 groups (P>0.05). In the suction drainage group, significant correlation of the draining duration and salivary fistula was not found (P>0.05). However, the draining output less than 20 mL resulted in lower salivary fistula rate compared with the draining output of 20-30 mL. CONCLUSIONS: According to our findings, suction drainage can be used as a substitute for pressure dressing after parotidectomy in preventing salivary fistula, and the best timing of drainage extubation is when the draining output is less than 20 mL within 24 hours.

[Screening of the gene mutation in D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the gene mutation in D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissue and to explore the role of the gene mutation in D-loop region in the OSCC tumorigenesis. METHODS: mtDNA was obtained from cancer, paracancerous and normal mucosa tissues of thirty patients with OSCC. The D-loop regions of mtDNA were amplified with PCR, sequencing and then analyzed by Chromas software and BLAST to identify the mutation site. RESULTS: Mutation in the D-loop region was found in eight cases, with the mutation rate of 27%. There were nine mutations totally, including one point mutation, two base deletions, three insertion mutations, three heterozygous mutations. In these mutations, base deletions were different from each other and heterozygous mutations had no same mutation form, while the three insertion mutations were same, the insertion of base C. One case had T/A heterozygous mutation and base C insertion at the same time. CONCLUSIONS: There were mutations in mtDNA D-loop in OSCC, but the relationship between occurrence of OSCC and mutation of mtDNA needs further study.

[Use of "gelatamp" colloidal silver gelatin sponge to prevent dry socket after extracting mandibular impacted teeth].

PURPOSE: To study the clinical effect of "gelatamp" colloidal silver gelatin sponge on preventing dry socket after extracting the mandibular impacted teeth. METHODS: 1350 teeth extracted from 976 patients who needed to extract the mandibular impacted teeth were divided into group A, group B and group C randomly. "Gelatamp" colloidal silver gelatin sponge was implanted into alveolar socket after teeth extraction in group A, with absorbable gelatin sponge was implanted into alveolar socket in group B and nothing was implanted into alveolar socket in group C. The incidence of dry socket was observed, the data was analyzed using SPSS10.0 software package. RESULTS: The incidence of dry socket was 0.44% in group A, 2% in group B and 4.44% in group C. There was significant difference in the incidence of dry socket between group A and group C(P<0.01). There was also significant difference between group B and group C(P<0.05) and between group A and group B(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that "gelatamp" colloidal silver gelatin sponge can prevent the occurrence of dry socket after teeth extraction, which is of wide clinical use.

[The mutations of germline succinate dehydrogrnase subunit B (SDHB) in sporadic paragangliomas].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the somatic mutations of human mitochondria succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) in sporadic paragangliomas. METHODS: Eight exons of SDHB gene in 8 sporadic paragangliomas cases were amplified by PCR and sequenced, respectively. The sequences were analyzed to find mutations compared with human homology sequence in Genebank and SNP database. RESULTS: Nine sequence variations were found in 8 cases, in which one mutation was found in one case (1/8, 12.5%). The mutation was identified as the sixty four base pair in exon 2 of SDHB(c.136C>T), resulting in a change from a arginine to a stop codon (p.Arg90X). The left 8 variations were polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS: The mutation of SDHB exists in sporadic paragangliomas patients and it might play a significant role in paragangliomas tumorigenesis.

[The mutations of the D-loop hypervariable region II and hypervariable region III of mitochondrial DNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop hypervariable region II (HVR II) and hypervariable region III (HVR III) mutations in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and their correlation to provide the new targets for the prevention and treatment of OSCC. METHODS: The D-loop HVR II and HVR III regions of mtDNA in seven cases with OSCC tissues, matched with paracancerous tissues and normal mucosa tissues from the same case, were amplified by polymerase chain raction (PCR), then were detected by direct sequencing to find the mutantsites after the comparison of all sequencing results with the mtDNA Cambridge sequence in the GenBank database. RESULTS: 82 (56 species) nucleotide changes, with 51(26 species) nucleotide polymorphism, were found after the comparison of all sequencing results with the mtDNA Cambridge sequence in the GenBank database. 31(30 species) mutations, with 21 located within the HVR II and HVR III regions, were found in 3 tumor tissue samples, their paracancerous and normal mucosa tissue were found more polymorphic changes but no mutation. The mtDNA D-loop HVR II and HVR III regions mutation rate was 42.9% (3/7) in OSCC. CONCLUSION: The mtDNA D-loop HVR II and HVR III regions were highly polymorphic and mutable regions in OSCC. It suggested that the D-loop HVR II and HVR III regions of mtDNA might play a significant role in the tumorigenesis of OSCC. It may become new targets for the gene therapy of OSCC by regulating the above indexes.

Multiple orofacial malformations in a boy who was conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and other assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are effective treatments for infertility and are widely used at infertility clinics. Although ICSI is generally considered safe, some studies have suggested an excess occurrence of major birth defects resulting from the procedure. Here, we present a rare case of a boy with multiple orofacial malformations who was conceived by ICSI. We suggest therefore that the risk of genetics abnormalities should be discussed in detail with the parents and sufficient informed consent should be obtained before starting ICSI procedures.

[Clinical biological behavior and treatment strategy of hemangioma in oral and maxillofacial region].

Hemangioma can not be prevented until nowadays. Early identification and definite diagnosis are necessary to achieve the best outcome. The clinical biological behaviors of hemangiomas in oral and maxillofacial region are completely investigated and deeply analyzed in this paper. There are two distinct phrase of rapid proliferation of hemangioma, with explicit onset and lasting time. Although there is still controversy over the treatment modality of hemangiomas in oral and maxillofacial region, the only way to success is to treat the lesions in early stage, in particular, the first rapid proliferation phrase is the best opportunity and strategic point to control the growth of hemangioma or even cure the disease. Upon definite diagnosis, laser therapy, sclerotherapy and oral steroids are among the treatment options. The protocol of laser therapy and sclerotherapy is addressed in this paper. Careful planning and appropriate manipulation are the key components to the management of hemangioma in oral and maxillofacial region.

[The value of single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography in diagnosis of carcinoma invasion of mandible].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)-computed tomography(CT) in diagnosis of oral carcinoma invasion to mandible. METHODS: Thirty-four patients with oral carcinoma invasion to mandible were divided into two groups, group A (surrounding invasion) and group B (central invasion). The edge of the invasion was evaluated by SPECT-CT, CT and pathological examination. The results of CT and SPECT-CT were analyzed by quantitative methods. RESULTS: In group A, the cancer-invaded area of the mandible exhibited on SPECT-CT was 1.0 cm lager than that on pathological examination, 2.4 cm lager than that on CT. The difference of invaded area shown on CT was 1.4 cm smaller than that of pathological examination. There were significant difference among the three methods. In group B, the affected area on SPECT-CT was 1.2 cm lager than that of pathological examination, 4.2 cm lager than that of CT. The invision area on CT was 3.0 cm smaller than that of pathological examination. There were significant difference among the three methods. CONCLUSIONS: SPECT-CT could find the jaw central tumor earlier than CT and the range of lesion showed by SPECT-CT was the adequate range of bone incision during operation. The range of lesion showed by CT was influenced by the type of tumor and the range of bone incision was determined according to the pathological type. If the false negative result was eliminated, only SPECT-CT or CT was needed to estimate the invasion range of mandible.

[Early laser intervention of hemangioma in facial and neck regions of infant].

OBJECTIVE: The study was to evaluate the method of early laser intervention of hemangioma in facial and neck regions of infant. METHODS: Between January 1999 and December 2006, twelve patients, aged 6 days to 3 months, with cutaneous hemangioma in facial and neck regions, were treated with laser, eight cases with Nd:YAG laser therapy and four cases with Venus laser therapy. Four cases with hemangioma in facial and neck regions of infant treated with oral corticosteroid were as control. The outcome was recorded with 1 to 6 years of follow-up. RESULTS: Total resolution was obtained in twelve patients with laser intervention. Atrophic scars occurred in eight patients with Nd:YAG laser therapy, without other complications, such as ulceration, life-threatening hemorrhage and et al. No scar occurred in four patients with Venus laser therapy. Recurrence was not seen in twelve cases with laser therapy with follow-up. Hemangiomas enlarged continuously in four cases with oral corticosteroid therapy. CONCLUSION: Early laser intervention is an excellent management of cutaneous hemangioma in facial and neck regions of infant.

[A comparison between CT and SPECT in detecting mandibular invasion by lower gingival squamous cell carcinoma].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare the value of CT and SPECT in diagnosis of lower gingival carcinoma invading the mandible. METHODS: From February 2002 to October 2006, twenty-one patients with lower gingival squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled.The data of CT and SPECT were studied,and compared with histopathological findings. RESULTS: Among the 21 patients,the sensitivity, accuracy, negative predictive value and Youden's index of SPECT were 100.00%, 95.24%, 100.00% and 1.00,respectively. While the sensitivity, accuracy, negative predictive value and Youden's index of CT were 80.00%, 80.95%, 20.00% and 0.80, respectively. There were four false negatives assessments of bone invasion(80.00%) by CT scan, while no false negatives by SPECT. CONCLUSIONS: SPECT is superior to CT, and can be used as a routine screening method to assess lower gingival carcinoma invading the mandible.

[Osteoma in the soft palate: report of one case and review of the literature].

Osteoma is a benign tumor, which is composed of mature differentiated bone tissue and derived from osteoplast in periosteum endothecium. Osteomas is common in the bone in clinic, however, osteoma in the soft tissue is distinctly rare. Clinically, the lesion presents as hard, slowly growing mass with clear border. This article reported a case with soft palate osteoma. The clinical manifestation, differential diagnosis, pathologic diagnosis and treatment were discussed. Surgical resection with postoperative follow-up is suggested as the main treatment for this disease.

[Early treatment of middle ear disease in cleft palate infants].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of myringotomy with insertion of tube and tympanocentesis on alleviating secretory otitis media (SOM) and hearing loss in cleft palate infants. METHODS: Nineteen cleft lip and palate infants with SOM and hearing loss (38 ears) were treated with myringotomy with insertion of ventilation tube at the same time of repair of the cleft lip, who were performed averagely at 6.9 months of age. Fifteen cleft lip and palate infants with SOM (30 ears) were treated with tympanocentesis at the same time of repair of the cleft lip averagely at 6.6 months of age. All cases were followed up from 1 week to 12 months and estimated by auditory brainstem response (ABR) and acoustic immitance audiometry. RESULTS: The average wave V reacting thresholds of ABR were separately 55.41 dBnHL and 28.48 dBnHL, and 79.17% tympanogram B changed to tympanogram A in cleft palate infants with insertion of tube before and after operation. The average wave V reacting thresholds of ABR were separately 40.63 dBnHL and 26.50 dBnHL, and 40.91% tympanogram B changed to tympanogram A in cleft palate infants with tympanocentesis preoperatively and in 1 week postoperatively, in whom the average hearing thresholds and tympanograms had no significant difference preoperatively and in 1 or 3 months postoperatively (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The early myringotomy with insertion of tube is effective to restore the function of the middle ear in cleft palate infants with SOM, so to suggest to be performed at the same time of the repair of cleft lip within the first 1-year of life. The tympanocentesis should not be used as a regular management in the cleft palate infants with SOM.

[Resection of carotid body tumor under interrupted block of common carotid artery].

7 patients with carotid body tumor (CBT) were evaluated by DSA preoperatively. Carotid artery (CA) blocking test was carried out under local anesthesia before operation. With CA blocked temporarily, tumors were resected under general anesthesia after the test was normal. Meanwhile some cases underwent restoration with CA repair, end-to-end anastomosis or artificial vascular grafting. No case underwent internal bypass. CA was blocked 2 to 4 times in operation. The average blocking time of CA was 22 minutes and the longest blocking time of that reached 28 minutes. The average blood loss of cases without embolization preoperatively was 1100 ml, cases with embolization was 480 ml. 3 cases had nerve complications. DSA is of important value in the diagnosis and treatments of CBT. Temporary blocking artery method can help to judge when to use internal bypass, make operation easy, decrease blood loss and nerve complications.

[Using fenestration and decompression technique to treat enormous odontogenic keratocyst].

3 cases of enormous odontogenic keratocyst were treated with the technique of fenestration and decompression other than removal of jaws. After a follow-up period of two years, radiographic assessment showed that the image of keratocyst disappeared basically, neogenetic bone had been found and the defect of jaws had been restored. The teeth had no dysfunction, the lower lip had no numbness and the keratocyst epithelium was modulated histologically to mucosa after decompression. Fenestration and decompression are satisfied conservative approaches to treat enormous keratocyst which usually is treated by removal of jaws and extraction of teeth.