RESUMO
Approximately 400 million people work and live in high-altitude areas and suffer from memory dysfunction worldwide. Until now, the role of the intestinal flora in plateau-induced brain damage has rarely been reported. To address this, we investigated the effect of intestinal flora on spatial memory impairment induced by high altitudes based on the microbiome-gut-brain axis theory. C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: control, high-altitude (HA), and high-altitude antibiotic treatment (HAA) group. The HA and HAA groups were exposed to a low-pressure oxygen chamber that simulated an altitude of 4000 m above sea level (m. a. s.l.) for 14 days, with the air pressure in the chamber set at 60-65 kPa. The results showed that spatial memory dysfunction induced by the high-altitude environment was aggravated by antibiotic treatment, manifesting as lowered escape latency and hippocampal memory-related proteins (BDNF and PSD-95). 16 S rRNA sequencing showed a remarkable separation of the ileal microbiota among the three groups. Antibiotic treatment exacerbated the reduced richness and diversity of the ileal microbiota in mice in the HA group. Lactobacillaceae were the main target bacteria and were significantly reduced in the HA group, which was exacerbated by antibiotic treatment. Meanwhile, reduced intestinal permeability and ileal immune function in mice exposed high-altitude environment was also aggravated by antibiotic treatment, as indicated by the lowered tight junction proteins and IL-1ß and IFN-γ levels. Furthermore, indicator species analysis and Netshift co-analysis revealed that Lactobacillaceae (ASV11) and Corynebacteriaceae (ASV78, ASV25, and ASV47) play important roles in high-altitude exposure-induced memory dysfunction. Interestingly, ASV78 was negatively correlated with IL-1ß and IFN-γ levels, indicating that ASV78 may be induced by reduced ileal immune function, which mediates high-altitude environment exposure-induced memory dysfunction. This study provides evidence that the intestinal flora is effective in preventing brain dysfunction caused by exposure to high-altitude environments, suggesting a relationship between the microbiome-gut-brain axis and altitude exposure.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Animais , Camundongos , Eixo Encéfalo-Intestino , Altitude , Memória Espacial , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Antibacterianos/farmacologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess any differences in spatial listening ability of cochlear implant recipients when using both or only one of two bilateral cochlear implants (BCIs) for stimuli originating from behind the subject. DESIGN: Twelve loudspeakers were placed in the rear horizontal plane of the subjects to test the sound localisation performance of BCI users and normal-hearing listeners (NHLs) with or without interfering noise. Stimuli were presented via two rear loudspeakers simultaneously during the speech recognition test. In the tone recognition test, another anechoic chamber was used with stimuli presenting from a loudspeaker behind the participants. STUDY SAMPLE: Twenty-seven NHLs and eleven BCI users. RESULTS: Average root-mean-square (RMS) error for the bilateral condition was significantly lower than that for the right and left cochlear implant (CI) conditions with or without interfering noises (p < 0.05). Average speech or tone recognition scores for the bilateral condition and the right and left CI conditions were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Sound localisation with BCIs was significantly more accurate than with either implant alone. Speech and tone recognition scores were not better with two compared to those of one activated implant. Given the small number of subjects, the results should be considered as preliminary.
Assuntos
Implante Coclear , Implantes Cocleares , Localização de Som , Percepção da Fala , Humanos , FalaRESUMO
Defective acoustic transmission in the cochlea is closely related with various auditory and vestibular symptoms. Among them, semicircular canal dehiscence (SCD) with a defective semicircular bone is typical. Currently, the pathogenesis of SCD is usually explained by the third window hypothesis; however, this hypothesis fails to explain the variability in the symptoms and signs experienced by superior SCD (SSCD) patients. We evaluated the mechanism of hearing loss in a guinea pig model of bony dehiscence with various sizes and locations along the superior semicircular canal. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and laser Doppler velocimetry were used to measure hearing loss and vibration changes before and after fenestration, as well as after restorative patching. ABR thresholds at low frequencies (e.g., 1000 Hz) increased after fenestration and decreased back to the normal range after we repaired the defect. Energy leakage from the surgically introduced third window was detected in the range of 300-1500 Hz, accompanied by increased vibration at the umbo, stapes head, and the dehiscence site, while decreased vibration was observed at the round window membrane in the same frequency range. After the patching procedure, the deviant vibrations were recovered. The degree of postfenestration energy leakage was proportional to the size of fenestration and the proximity of the fenestration site to the oval window. These results suggest that the bony fenestration of the superior semicircular canal mimics the hearing loss pattern of patients with SSCD. The decrease in perilymph wave impedance likely accounts for the auditory changes.
Assuntos
Perda Auditiva/patologia , Canais Semicirculares/patologia , Deiscência da Ferida Operatória/patologia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Potenciais Evocados Auditivos do Tronco Encefálico/fisiologia , Cobaias , Perda Auditiva/etiologia , Fluxometria por Laser-Doppler/métodos , Masculino , Canais Semicirculares/fisiologia , Canais Semicirculares/cirurgia , Deiscência da Ferida Operatória/complicaçõesRESUMO
Objective. This study aimed at describing the mechanism of hearing loss in low frequency and the different dynamic behavior of the umbo, the stapes head, and the round window membrane (RWM) between normal guinea pigs and those with endolymphatic hydrops (EH), using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). Methods. Cochlear sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) to evaluate the hydropic ratio (HR). Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and whole-mount immunostaining were measured. Displacement of the umbo, stapes head, and RWM in response to ear-canal sound was evaluated using a LDV. Results. Mean HR values in EH model of all the turns are larger than the control group. The ABR threshold of the EH group was significantly higher than that of the control. Strong positive correlation was found between HR at apical turn and ABR threshold elevation at 1000 Hz and at subapical turn and ABR threshold elevation at 2000 Hz. FITC-phalloidin immunostaining of the cochlear basilar membrane in the apical, subapical, and suprabasal turns showed missing and derangement stereocilia of third-row outer hair cells. The umbo, stapes head, and RWM displacement in ears with EH was generally lower than that of normal ears. The EH-induced differences in stapes head and RWM motion were significant at 0.5 kHz. Conclusion. The LDV results suggested that the higher inner ear impedance in EH affected the dynamic behavior of the two opening windows of the cochlea and then reduced the vibration of the ossicular chain by increasing the afterload, resulting in acoustic dysfunction. The vibration reduction mainly occurred at low frequencies, which has related with the morphology changes of the apical and subapical turns in EH model.
Assuntos
Estimulação Acústica/métodos , Hidropisia Endolinfática/fisiopatologia , Som , Vibração , Estimulação Acústica/instrumentação , Animais , Hidropisia Endolinfática/patologia , Cobaias , Perda Auditiva/patologia , Perda Auditiva/fisiopatologia , MasculinoRESUMO
AIMS: This study aims to investigate the roles of the number of accelerations and rotation angle in the treatment of posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (PC-BPPV). METHODS: We enrolled 344 patients with unilateral PC-BPPV. Of these, 167 patients in the simple-step maneuver (SSM) group were accelerated twice and rotated 120° per step, whereas 177 patients in the multi-step maneuver (MSM) group were accelerated 4 times and rotated 60° per step. Dix-Hallpike (DH) tests were performed to categorize the treatment outcome as follows: 'symptom free' if the result was negative, 'symptom persistent' if the result remained positive after performing the maneuver 3 times or 'canal conversion' if horizontal nystagmus was evoked. RESULTS: Of the patients in the SSM and MSM groups, 78.4 and 91.5% became symptom free, respectively, while canal conversion occurred in 13.8 and 5.1%, respectively (p = 0.003, χ(2) test). The success rate after performing the maneuver once was 57.1% in the MSM and 32.3% in the SSM symptom-free patients (p = 0.001, χ(2) test). One month after the treatment, 22.0 and 9.6% of the SSM and MSM patients had symptom relapse, respectively (p = 0.007, χ(2) test). CONCLUSIONS: More accelerations and a smaller rotation angle improved the effectiveness and efficiency of the repositioning maneuvers and reduced canal conversion.
Assuntos
Vertigem Posicional Paroxística Benigna/terapia , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Aceleração , Vertigem Posicional Paroxística Benigna/diagnóstico , Vertigem Posicional Paroxística Benigna/fisiopatologia , Equipamentos e Provisões , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Posicionamento do Paciente , Estudos Prospectivos , Rotação , Canais Semicirculares/fisiopatologia , Método Simples-Cego , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the recurrence of tumors and morbidity rates of postoperative complications associated with primary parotid pleomorphic adenomas treated with a parotidectomy using the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve as a landmark during the retrograde approach. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data from 71 patients with a primary parotid pleomorphic adenoma who underwent a parotidectomy using the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve as a guide during the retrograde approach between November 2003 and August 2012. Three surgical modalities were involved in the study: a partial superficial parotidectomy was performed in 8 cases, a superficial parotidectomy was performed in 54 cases, and a total parotidectomy was performed in 9 cases. The recurrence of tumors and the morbidity rates of postoperative complications, such as transient facial nerve paralysis, permanent facial nerve paralysis, sensory deficiency, Frey syndrome, salivary fistulas, and xerostomia, were investigated. RESULTS: Tumor recurrence occurred in only 1 case. Overall, the morbidity rates for transient facial nerve paralysis, permanent facial nerve paralysis, sensory deficiency, Frey syndrome, and xerostomia were 22.5%, 1.4%, 39.4%, 59.2%, and 8.5%, respectively. No cases developed a salivary fistula. CONCLUSION: The use of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve as a guide during the retrograde approach is a reliable and safe method for dissecting the facial nerve.
Assuntos
Adenoma Pleomorfo/cirurgia , Pontos de Referência Anatômicos , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Otorrinolaringológicos/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Parotídeas/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , China/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Morbidade/tendências , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most common peripheral vestibular diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of BPPV in vertigo patients and the characteristics of BPPV in diagnosis and repositioning using mechanical assistance maneuvers and to analyze and summarize the reasons showing these characteristics. Seven hundred and twenty-six patients with vertigo were enrolled in this study. All patients were inspected by TRV armchair (SYNAPSYS, model TRV, France). BPPV patients were identified by the examination results. The characteristics and results using TRV armchair in diagnosis and treatment of BPPV were compared and analyzed. Of 726 vertigo patients, 209 BPPV patients were diagnosed, including 58 men and 151 women, aged from 16 to 87 (mean 52.90 ± 11.93) years. There were significant differences in the proportion of BPPV in male and female vertigo patients (P = 0.0233), but no differences among all age groups (P = 0.3201). Of 209 BPPV patients, 208 cases were repositioned by TRV armchair and no one appeared to have otolithic debris relocated into another canal in the repositioning procedures. 202 cases (97.12 %) were successful and six cases (2.87 %) were effective. None of them failed. This study suggests that BPPV is one of the most common diseases in the young vertigo patients, just like that in the old ones. Female of the species has predilection for BPPV and the site of predilection is the right posterior semicircular canals (PC-BPPV). The results of repositioning are perfect using mechanical assistance maneuvers.
Assuntos
Vertigem Posicional Paroxística Benigna/diagnóstico , Vertigem Posicional Paroxística Benigna/epidemiologia , Posicionamento do Paciente/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Caracteres Sexuais , Vertigem , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study addressed the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome of middle ear cancer. A series of 33 patients with middle ear cancer were analyzed with survival, the primary outcome. Altogether, 25 patients underwent surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy, seven patients had surgery alone, and one patient had only radiotherapy. The patients were staged according to the Stell staging system. Among patients with T1/T2 cancers, five underwent lateral temporal bone resection (LTBR) and three underwent subtotal temporal bone resection (STBR). Among those with T3/Tx cancers, 11 underwent LTBR, and 13 had STBR. Of the total 33 patients, 18 died of their disease during follow-up. The overall 5-year survival rate was 37.4 %. The 5-year survival rates for patients with T1/T2 disease and T3/Tx disease were 85.7 and 22.0 %, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in 5-year survival rates between the two groups using the log-rank test (P < 0.05). The 5-year survival rates after LTBR and STBR for the T3/Tx group were 15.2 and 30.8 % (P > 0.05), respectively, and those for the T1/T2 group were 100 and 66.7 % (P > 0.05), respectively. The 5-year survival rates for patients who underwent preoperative or postoperative radiotherapy were 38.9 and 40.4 %, respectively (P > 0.05). En bloc resection is favored in an effort to produce negative surgical margins for middle ear cancer. Adjunctive radiotherapy is used for advanced lesions.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Orelha/terapia , Orelha Média , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Orelha/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Orelha/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Otológicos , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida/tendências , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objective:To retrospectively analyze the effectiveness of transcranial facial nerve bridging in the treatment of facial nerve dysfunction. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 27 patients with facial nerve dysfunction who underwent transcranial facial nerve bridging at the Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital affiliated with Fudan University from 2017 to 2022. The main collected data includes the patient's age, gender, primary lesion, damaged location, interval from facial paralysis to surgery, and preoperative and postoperative House-Brackmannï¼HBï¼ scale for facial nerve function. Statistical comparisons were made between the average HB level of patients before and after surgery. Results:A total of 27 patients included 17 males and 10 females. The average age of patients during surgery isï¼42.50±3.38ï¼ years old. Primary lateral skull base diseases include traumaï¼n=3ï¼, tumorsï¼n=22ï¼, and infectionsï¼n=2ï¼. The duration of facial paralysis varies from 6 months to 5 years. Statistics analysis has found that the average postoperative HB score of patients who underwent transcranial facial nerve bridging was significantly lower atï¼3.750 ± 0.183ï¼ compared to preoperativeï¼4.875±0.168ï¼. The proportion of patients with good facial nerve function increased significantly from 7.4% before surgery to 42.9% after surgery. Conclusion:Transcranial facial nerve bridging surgery with interpositional graft has a significant effect on improving facial nerve function in patients with facial nerve injury. Further research is still needed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of this surgery, to determine the optimal patient selection criteria and postoperative rehabilitation strategies.
Assuntos
Traumatismos do Nervo Facial , Nervo Facial , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Estudos Retrospectivos , Traumatismos do Nervo Facial/cirurgia , Nervo Facial/cirurgia , Paralisia Facial/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Our team designed a long-lasting, well-sealed microphone, which uses laser welding and vacuum packaging technology. This study examined the sensitivity and effectiveness of this new floating piezoelectric microphone (NFPM) designed for totally implantable cochlear implants (TICIs) in animal experiments and intraoperative testing. METHODS: Different NFPM frequency responses from 0.25 to 10 kHz at 90 dB SPL were analyzed using in vivo testing of cats and human patients. The NFPM was tested in different positions that were clamped to the ossicular chains or placed in the tympanic cavity of cats and human patients. Two volunteers' long incus foot and four cats' malleus neck of the ossicular chain were clamped with the NSFM. The output electrical signals from different locations were recorded, analyzed, and compared. The NFPM was removed after the test without causing any damage to the middle-ear structure of the cats. Intraoperative tests of the NFPM were performed during the cochlear implant surgery and the cochlear implant surgery was completed after all tests. RESULTS: Compared with the results in the tympanic cavity, the NFPM could detect the vibration from the ossicular chain more sensitively in cat experiments and intraoperative testing. We also found that the signal output level of the NFPM decreased as the acoustic stimulation strength decreased in the intraoperative testing. CONCLUSION: The NFPM is effective in the intraoperative testing, making it feasible as an implantable middle-ear microphone for TICIs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 134:937-944, 2024.
Assuntos
Implante Coclear , Implantes Cocleares , Animais , Humanos , Desenho de Prótese , Orelha Média/cirurgia , Ossículos da Orelha/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To report the long-term outcome of delayed facial nerve paralysis (DFNP) after surgical resection of vestibular schwannoma and evaluate the influence of various factors on the prognosis of facial nerve function. METHODS: Of 265 patients who underwent surgical excision of VS through a retrosigmoid approach between April 2019 and October 2021, 15 (5.7%) developed DFNP and were retrospectively studied. Preoperative and postoperative data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of patients with DFNP was 42.6 years (range, 27-63 years), and 11 (73.3%) were male. Tumor size ranged from 12 to 37 mm (mean 24 mm) in largest dimension. All patients had normal (House-Brackmann [HB] I) facial nerve function preoperatively. Immediate postoperative facial nerve function was HB I in 12 patients (80%) and HB II in 3 patients (20%). The mean severity of DFNP onset was HB 4.7 (range, HB III-V). The average day of onset was postoperative day 12.6 (range, day 5-28). At 1-year follow-up, 12 patients (80%) were HB I, 1 patient (6.7%) was HB III, and 2 patients (13.3%) were HB IV. All patients who were HB III and IV at the last follow-up had immediate postoperative facial nerve function of HB II. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients who develop DFNP have a favorable prognosis. However, a small proportion of patients with deteriorated facial nerve function immediately after surgery have poor long-term outcomes, despite confirmation of their facial nerve integrity anatomically and by electrical stimulation.
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Paralisia Facial , Neuroma Acústico , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Nervo Facial/cirurgia , Neuroma Acústico/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Paralisia Facial/etiologia , Paralisia Facial/cirurgia , Denervação , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgiaRESUMO
Otomycosis is frequently seen in Shanghai and is a challenging problem due to recurrence and resistance to therapy. The aims of this study were to determine the pattern of fungal agents, sex distribution, clinical presentation, predisposing factors, complications and treatment outcomes of otomycosis. Retrospective review of 108 patients with a clinical diagnosis of otomycosis treated from September 2009 to September 2010 in otolaryngology outpatient department. It has been found to be more prevalent in female patients than male patients with a sex ratio (F : M) of 2 : 1. Aspergillus niger (54.78%) followed by Candida albicans (16.52%) were the dominant fungi. Pruritus and otorrhea were the most common presenting complaints. The predisposing factors included frequent scratching of the external ear canal (79.63%), taking ototopical and/or oral antimicrobials (24.07%), diabetes (11.11%) and otologic procedures (7.41%). Residual disease was observed in 9.26% and recurrence in 8.89% of the subjects. Topical Fluconazole ear drops and mechanical debridement of visible fungal elements in the external auditory canal were all relatively effective with 83.33% resolution rate on initial application. The diagnosis of otomycosis requires vigilance from clinicians given its non-specific symptoms. Sometimes mycological examinations are necessary. Treatment regimens such as topical fluconazole coupled with mechanical debridement are generally effective. However, recurrence is not uncommon and eradication of disease can be particularly difficult in patients with diabetes and a mastoid cavity.
Assuntos
Otomicose/epidemiologia , Otomicose/etiologia , Administração Tópica , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , China/epidemiologia , Desbridamento , Feminino , Fluconazol/administração & dosagem , Fungos/classificação , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Otomicose/tratamento farmacológico , Otomicose/patologia , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Prevalência , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The present study was to explore the functional and morphological changes in cochleas of guinea pig models of early endolymphatic hydrops. Thirty albino guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups: control, 4-week model and 8-week model groups. For each group, n = 10. Model groups were operated on the right ears to result in endolymphatic hydrops with the method of slight destruction of endolymphatic sac and duct from extradural posterior cranial fossa approach, and the animals in control group were sham operated. Electrocochleogram recorded by trans-tympanic approach and auditory brainstem response (ABR) were tested in preoperative model groups, control group, 4-week model group and 8-week model group to assess the hearing changes. Histologic morphometry was used to quantify hydrops by testing scala media area (SMA) ratio. Scanning electron microscope was used to assess the changes of cochlea hair cells. The results showed that the summating potential/compound action potential (SP/AP) ratio of electrocochleogram in 4-week model group (0.33 ± 0.14) and 8-week model group (0.43 ± 0.14) increased significantly, compared with that in control group (0.07 ± 0.06). The maximum SMA ratio in 4-week model group (2.64 ± 0.10) and 8-week model group (3.54 ± 0.13) increased significantly, compared with that in control group (1.06 ± 0.08). The results of maximum SMA ratio correlated with SP/AP ratio of electrocochleogram (r = 0.86). The results of hearing threshold of ABR revealed that the operated ears of model groups were higher than the preoperative results at frequencies of 2 kHz and 4 kHz. And the damage of cochlea hair cells in operated ears occurred in apical and subapical turns. These results suggest the increased SP/AP ratio of electrocochleogram can indicate early endolymphatic hydrops. There is low-tone hearing loss in guinea pig models of early endolymphatic hydrops, and it may be associated with the abnormalities of the stereocilia among the outer hair cells in operated ears which occurs in apical and subapical turns.
Assuntos
Cóclea/patologia , Hidropisia Endolinfática/fisiopatologia , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/patologia , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/fisiopatologia , Animais , Cóclea/fisiopatologia , Hidropisia Endolinfática/complicações , Cobaias , Células Ciliadas Auditivas Externas/patologia , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/etiologia , MasculinoRESUMO
Background: Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in maintaining the microecological balance of the gastrointestinal tract in various animals. Disturbances in the intestinal microbiota may lead to the proliferation of potentially pathogenic bacteria that become the dominant species, leading to intestinal immune disorders, intestinal inflammation, and other intestinal diseases. Numerous studies have been confirmed that high-altitude exposure affects the normal function of the intestine and the composition of the intestinal microbiota. However, it is still necessary to reveal the changes in intestinal microbiota in high-altitude exposure environments, and clarify the relationship between the proliferation of potentially pathogenic bacteria and intestinal injury in this environment. In addition, explored probiotics that may have preventive effects against intestinal diseases. Methods and results: C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups, a high-altitude group (HA), control group (C), and high-altitude probiotic group (HAP). The HA and HAP groups were subjected to hypoxia modeling for 14 days in a low-pressure oxygen chamber with daily gavage of 0.2 mL of normal saline (HA) and Lactobacillus johnsonii YH1136 bacterial fluid (HAP), while the control group was fed normally. L. johnsonii YH1136 was isolated from feces of a healthy Tibetan girl in Baingoin county, the Nagqu region of the Tibet Autonomous Region, at an altitude of 5000 meters. Our observations revealed that gavage of YH1136 was effective in improving the damage to the intestinal barrier caused by high-altitude exposure to hypoxic environments and helped to reduce the likelihood of pathogenic bacteria infection through the intestinal barrier. It also positively regulates the intestinal microbiota to the extent of Lactobacillus being the dominant microbiome and reducing the number of pathogenic bacteria. By analyzing the expression profile of ileal microRNAs and correlation analysis with intestinal microbiota, we found that Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium1 cooperated with miR-196a-1-3p and miR-3060-3p, respectively, to play a regulatory role in the process of high-altitude hypoxia-induced intestinal injury. Conclusion: These findings revealed the beneficial effect of L. johnsonii YH1136 in preventing potential endogenous pathogenic bacteria-induced intestinal dysfunction in high-altitude environments. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of intestinal injury from the perspective of the gut microbiota as well as miRNAs.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Enteropatias , Lactobacillus johnsonii , MicroRNAs , Animais , Camundongos , Altitude , Bactérias/genética , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , MicroRNAs/farmacologiaRESUMO
Endoscopic middle ear surgery is a widely employed minimally invasive surgical technique to address middle ear and mastoid pathology. Bone drilling is the main technical challenge of endoscopic middle ear surgery. The accompanying video describes the detailed protocol of a constant-suction bone-drilling technique and the procedure of endaural exclusive endoscopic atticoantrotomy (retrograde mastoidectomy) using this technique. The main components of this bone-drilling technique include a soft and flexible suction tube, which is placed into the tympanic cavity to provide constant suction, and a soft sleeve, which is wrapped around the drill shaft to prevent the high-speed rotating shaft from damaging the lens of the endoscope. With these simple modifications, the traditional otological electrodrill can be used for drilling a tiny endaural incision in endoscopic middle ear surgery. Based on this bone-drilling technique, endaural endoscopic atticoantrotomy (retrograde mastoidectomy) can be successfully established for the removal of various amounts of bone, depending on the extent of the lesion. The short-term postoperative outcome seems promising.
Assuntos
Mastoidectomia , Orelha Média/cirurgia , Endoscopia , Humanos , Processo Mastoide/cirurgia , SucçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Facial nerve schwannomas located at internal auditory canal and cerebellopontine angle (IAC/CPA FNS) were diagnosed intraoperatively, it poses a therapeutic dilemma to the surgeon. OBJECTIVE: To report our experience in managing IAC/CPA FNS and to propose a treatment strategy. METHODS: A total of 14 patients with IAC/CPA FNS who were diagnosed intraoperatively and treated by operation between 2015 and 2019 were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: Unilateral hearing loss was the most common symptom and all these patients had normal facial nerve function preoperatively. Surgical approaches used in these patients including translabyrinthine (2 cases), retrosigmoid (RS) (11 cases), and middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach (1 case). Eight patients underwent partial resection, three patients underwent subtotal resection and three patients had complete tumor removal with facial nerve reconstruction. All partial resection patients and two patients underwent subtotal resection achieved a long-term HB grade I facial nerve function. The long-term facial nerve function of patients underwent complete resection and nerve grafting was no better than HB grade III.1 of the eight patients underwent partial resection experienced tumor regrowth during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Partial or subtotal resection for IAC/CPA FNS may provide an opportunity of retaining excellent facial nerve function. Regular postoperative imaging is helpful to monitor the recurrence.
Assuntos
Neoplasias dos Nervos Cranianos/cirurgia , Doenças do Nervo Facial/cirurgia , Nervo Facial/cirurgia , Neurilemoma/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias dos Nervos Cranianos/diagnóstico , Nervo Facial/fisiologia , Doenças do Nervo Facial/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Período Intraoperatório , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Neurilemoma/diagnóstico , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A new floating piezoelectric microphone (NFPM), driven by the acoustic vibration of the ossicles, has been manufactured in the lab. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at exploring the stability and bio-compatibility of this NFPM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The NFPM was implanted into the cat tympanic cavity by clamping it to the handle of the malleus, and then a temporal bone computed tomography (CT) plain scan and three dimensional reconstruction were performed to observe its coupling with the handle of the malleus. After six months of implantation, cats' blood samples were taken for pro-inflammatory factor analysis. Then, the operative cavity was opened to check the NFPM, the auditory ossicular chain and some granulation tissue surrounding the NFPM. RESULTS: The NFPM was firmly clamped to the handle of the malleus of the cats during the six months of implantation. Besides, there was no obvious systemic inflammatory response in the experimental animals. In addition, local proliferation of granulation tissue occurred in the tympanic cavity without hampering the movement of the auditory ossicle,or causing ischemia of the auditory ossicle. CONCLUSION: The NFPM could be implanted in our experimental cats for a long period of time and had good bio-compatibility.
Assuntos
Orelha Média , Teste de Materiais , Transdutores , Animais , Gatos , Implantes Cocleares , Ossículos da Orelha , Fontes de Energia Elétrica , Desenho de PróteseRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Neurorrhaphy with interpositional graft is a practical technique to achieve facial reanimation when the continuity of the facial nerve is interrupted and a large gap between the proximal and distal stump exists. The aim of this study was to report long-term outcomes of neurorrhaphy for facial reanimation with interpositional graft. The roles of some variable factors in the outcome of neurorrhaphy with interpositional graft were also evaluated and compared. METHODS: A retrospective case series from a single tertiary referral center comprised 23 patients with facial nerve interruptions who underwent neurorrhaphy with interpositional graft using either end-to-end anastomosis or end-to-side hypoglossal-facial technique. Preoperative data (age, sex, primary lesion, interval from paralysis to surgery, facial nerve function), intraoperative data (surgical approach, graft and type of neurorrhaphy), and postoperative data (facial nerve function) were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Mean follow-up time was 26.6 ± 11.9 months. Patients who underwent neurorrhaphy for facial reanimation within 1 year after onset of facial paralysis were more likely to achieve House-Brackmann grade ≤3 compared with patients who underwent neurorrhaphy >1 year after onset of facial paralysis (odds ratio = 23.85, P = 0.04). No other factors were associated with improved outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Early neurorrhaphy with interpositional graft (≤1 year) for facial reanimation resulted in better final facial nerve function outcomes compared with a delayed procedure.
Assuntos
Traumatismos do Nervo Facial/cirurgia , Nervo Facial/cirurgia , Paralisia Facial/cirurgia , Nervo Hipoglosso/transplante , Transferência de Nervo/métodos , Adulto , Traumatismos do Nervo Facial/complicações , Paralisia Facial/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/métodos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tempo para o Tratamento , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Background: Petrous bone cholesteatoma (PBC) is a rare but local aggressive lesion which can lead to severe complications. Surgery is the mainstay for its treatment. Objectives: To analyse the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes in a series of patients with PBC, paying special attention to cochlea preservation and use of endoscope. Materials and methods: Retrospective study of 51 patients with PBC who underwent surgery at our centre. Results: Hearing loss (72.5%) and facial paralysis (58.8%) were the two most common symptoms. According to Sanna's classification, supralabyrinthine subtype (51.0%) was the most common subtype, followed by the massive subtype (33.3%). In most patients, PBC was radically removed using subtotal petrosectomy (80.4%). Endoscope was used for assistance in six cases. Various managements of facial nerve were used in different cases. Hearing rehabilitation was not emphasized (44 postoperative dead ear); however, cochlea was preserved as far as possible (45.3%). Recurrence was identified in five patients by MRI with diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) sequence. No recurrence was detected in patients underwent surgery with endoscope assistance. Conclusions and significance: radical excision and functional reconstruction constitute the framework of PBC surgery. Cochlea preservation is critical for possible cochlear implantation in the future. Use of endoscope has the potential to enhance surgical precision and reduce recurrence.
Assuntos
Colesteatoma da Orelha Média/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Tratamentos com Preservação do Órgão/métodos , Otoscopia/métodos , Osso Petroso/cirurgia , Adulto , Colesteatoma da Orelha Média/patologia , Colesteatoma da Orelha Média/cirurgia , Estudos de Coortes , Endoscopia/métodos , Paralisia Facial/diagnóstico , Paralisia Facial/etiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Perda Auditiva/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osso Petroso/diagnóstico por imagem , Osso Petroso/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
CONCLUSIONS: The new floating piezoelectric microphone is feasible for use as an implantable middle ear microphone in a totally implantable cochlear implant. OBJECTIVES: A piezoelectric sensor that is driven by the acoustic vibration of the ossicles is one possible design for a microphone for a totally implantable cochlear implant. Such a new floating piezoelectric microphone has been manufactured in the lab. The purpose of this article was to study the frequency response of the new floating piezoelectric microphone in the intact ossicular chain and to identify whether it is usable and implantable. METHODS: The frequency response of the new floating piezoelectric microphone was analyzed using in vitro testing of fresh cadaveric heads. The microphone, which was designed with an integrated unibody structure to ensure good biocompatibility and capsulation, was attached to the long process of the incus by a titanium clip, or placed in the tympanic cavity and stimulated with pure tones of different frequencies. RESULTS: The new floating piezoelectric microphone can pick up the vibration of the long process of the incus and convert it into electrical signals sensitively and flatly.