Effects of Electroacupuncture on White Matter Fibers and Learning-memory Function in Rats with Vascular Dementia / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at Baihui (DU20) and Shenting (DU24) acupoints on white matter fiber and learning-memory function in rats with vascular dementia (VD). Methods:Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into operation group and sham group (n = 8). The operation group accepted two-vessel occlusion, while the sham group only separated the bilateral common carotid arteries without ligation. The rats modeled successfully were randomly divided into model group (n = 8), non-acupoint group (n = 8) and electroacupuncture group (n = 8). The electroacupuncture group accepted electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting, and the non-acupoint group accepted electroacupuncture at axillary non-acupoint, once a day for 28 days. All the rats were tested with object recognition test before and after intervention, while the white matter fibers were observed with Diffusion Tensor Imaging. Results:Compared with the sham group, the preference coefficients of the model group, the non-acupoint group and the electroacupuncture group decreased before intervention (P< 0.05), and there was no significant difference among the later three groups (P> 0.05). The preference coefficients increased in the electroacupuncture group compared with the model group after intervention (P< 0.05). The fractional anisotropy (FA) of corpus callosum, cingulate gyrus and hippocampus decreased in the model group, the non-acupoint group and the electroacupuncture group compared with the sham group before intervention. FA of hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, corpus callosum and external capsule increased in the electroacupuncture group compared with the model group after intervention. Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting can improve learning-memory function of VD rats, which may be related with repairment of white matter fibers in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and others.

Effect of Fangfeng Tongshengtang on Early-stage Serum Endotoxin and Programmed Death-1 / Programmed Death Ligand-1 in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus related Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To clarify the effect of Fangfeng Tongshengtang on early-stage serum endotoxin (ET) and programmed death-1/programmed ligand-1(PD-1/PD-L1) in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure（HBV-ACLF）(early-stage), and exploring the mechanism of Fangfeng Tongshengtang in the treatment of early stage HBV-ACLF. Method:The 69 patients with early stage HBV-ACLF were enrolled in the study and all of them received antiviral drugs, liver protection and jaundice relieving drugs as well as supporting therapy. According to the random number table, 35 patients were randomly assigned to observation group (to take Fangfeng Tongshengtang, and 34 patients were assigned to control group to take placebo. The observation period was 3 weeks in both groups. Before treatment and 1, 2, and 3 weeks after treatment, theserum ET, expression of PD-1/PD-L1 in serum CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, liver function [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (Alb), total bilirubin (TBIL), and direct bilirubin (DBIL)], coagulation function [prothrombin time (PT), and prothrombin activity (PTA)] were detected to verify the effect of Fangfeng Tongshengtang on HBV-ACLF (early-stage). Result:After 3 weeks of treatment, ET, expression of serum CD4+PD-1+, CD4+PD-L1+, CD8+PD-1+, CD8+PD-L1+, ALT, AST, TBIL, DBIL, and PT decreased significantly (P<0.01), while Alb and PTA increased significantly（P<0.01）in both groups. As compared with the control group, the ET in observation group was lower at 1st, 2nd and 3rd week after treatment (P<0.01), the CD4+PD-1+, CD4+PD-L1+, CD8+PD-1+ and CD8+PD-L1+ in observation group were lower at 2nd week and 3rd week（P<0.05, P<0.01）， the ALT, AST, TBIL and DBIL in observation group were lower at 1st, 2nd and 3rd week（P<0.05, P<0.01）， the PT in observation group was lower at 2nd and 3rd week（P<0.05）， and the PTA in observation group was higher at the 2nd and 3rd week（P<0.01）. Conclusion:Fangfeng Tongshengtang can achieve the therapeutic effect for HBV-ACLF (early-stage) probably by reducing the serum ET and the expression of PD-1 / PD-L1 in serum CD4 +, CD8 + T cells.

Effect of Modified Taohe Chengqitang Combined with Colon Hydrotherapy on Inflammatory Factors and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Severe Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To define the clinical efficacy of modified Taohe Chengqitang combined with colon hydrotherapy in patients with severe nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) accompanied by phlegm-heat stagnation syndrome and its mechanism. Method::Totally 100 patients with severe NAFLD by phlegm-heat stagnation syndrome were enrolled in the study.They were all given Shanzha Xiaozhi capsule.According to the random number table, the patients were randomly divided into the observation group (50 patients, colon hydrotherapy combined with traditional Chinese medicine) and the control group (50 patients, Shanzha Xiaozhi capsule alone). The observation period was 4 weeks.The therapeutic effect of colon hydrotherapy was verified through determinations of the liver function, blood lipid, insulin resistance index (IRI), controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) before and after treatment.The mechanism of colon hydrotherapy combined with modified Taohe Chengqitang was preliminarily analyzed based on changes of IR, TNF-α and IL-6. Result::Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transpeptadase (γ-GT), total cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride (TG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulins (FINS), IRI, CAP, TNF-αand IL-6 of NAFLD patients in both of two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.01). ALT, AST, γ-GT, TCH, TG, FPG, IRI, CAP, TNF-α and IL-6 in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment (P<0.01). FINS in observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion::Colon hydrotherapy combined with modified Taohe Chengqitang is an effective method for treating NAFLD accompanied by phlegm-heat stagnation syndrome.Its mechanism may be mainly correlated with the reduction of IRI, serum TNF-α and IL-6.The course of colon hydrotherapy, the therapeutic mechanism and the long-term efficacy need to be further studied in the future.

Prescription for NAFLD Based on Relationship Between Intestinal Microecology and Spleen-stomach's Ascending and Descending Theory / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a kind of metabolic stress liver injury, which has become one of most common chronic liver diseases in China and even world. Therefore, the occurrence and development of NAFLD and its prevention and treatment have been attracted more and more attention. The disturbance of intestinal microecology, especially intestinal flora, is one of important factors leading to NAFLD. The syndrome traceability, etiology and pathogenesis of nafld in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are related to imbalance of spleen-stomach's ascending and descending. The effect of NAFLD treatment depends on spleen-stomach's ascending and descending. The intestinal tract is main part for realizing spleen-stomach function according to principle of TCM. Intestinal flora is a regulation factor affecting host metabolism, which is consistent with biological connotation of TCM principle of spleen-stomach's ascending and descending. Because spleen-stomach's ascending and descending disorder is consistent with symptoms of intestinal flora imbalance, intestinal flora is closely related to spleen-stomach's ascending and descending in TCM. Based on modern intestinal micro-ecosystem, this paper expounds theoretical basis for treatment of NAFLD based on relationship between spleen-stomach's ascending and descending in TCM, and on that basis, ideas of prescription and medication for NAFLD were put forward, mainly including: invigorating spleen and replenishing Qi and ascending clearity, regulating Qi-flowing and regulating stomach and descending turbidity, resolving phlegm, activating blood circulation and dissipating accumulation, and dominant role in coordinating spleen-stomach's ascending and descending and intestinal microecology is highlighted in treatment of NAFLD. Soothing liver and regulating Qi, dispersing and descending lung-Qi, ascending clearity and descending turbidity, and warming and activating kidney-Yang, synergistic factors for onset of NAFLD were taken into account to promote spleen-stomach's ascending and descending functions, and therapeutic effect shall be considered from perspective of intestinal microecology. After retention enema with Chinese herbs, transporting function of large intestine might be activated to help stomach-Qi descending and coordinate spleen-stomach's ascending and descending, and intestinal microecological mechanism of drug delivery channel intervening NAFLD may be studied based on 16s rDNA gene pathway. With deepening of research on intestinal flora, relationship between it and spleen-stomach's ascending and descending and NAFLD will be further revealed, which not only inherits China's long history of applying spleen-stomach's ascending and descending to treat liver diseases, but also expand perspective of regulating intestinal microecolog(intestinal flora) in treatment of NAFLD.

Clinical Efficacy of Modified Sanzi Yangqintang and Colon Hydrotherapy on Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Phlegm-dampness / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To explore the clinical efficacy of modified Sanzi Yangqintang combined with colon hydrotherapy in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with phlegm-dampness. Method::Totally 100 patients with NAFLD were selected and randomly divided into treatment group (50 cases) and control group (50 cases). Both groups were orally given silybin and glycyrrhizic acid diamine capsules.The treatment group was also added with modified Sanzi Yangqintang and colon hydrotherapy.The treatment lasted for 7 days.The control group was also added with saline colon hydrotherapy.Main traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores and liver function indexes before and after treatment [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamate transpeptidase (GGT)], blood lipid routine [cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride (TG)], inflammatory factors [interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], FibroScan measurement [liver stiffness measurement (LSM), controlled attenuation parameters (CAP)], uric acid and body weight changes were observed.Adverse reactions were observed, and the patient's medication safety was evaluated. Result::TCM syndrome score, liver enzyme index, blood lipid index, inflammatory factor index, FibroScan CAP, uric acid and body weight of the two groups were significantly reduced than those before treatment(P<0.05, P<0.01) .There was no significant difference in liver enzymes, TCH, IL-6 and LSM between treatment group and control group.And TCM syndrome scores, UA, TNF-α, FibroScan CAP decreased were significantly different from control group (P<0.05). Conclusion::Modified Sanzi Yangqintang combined with colon hydrotherapy can not only alleviate NAFLD with phlegm-dampness symptoms, but also significantly reduce triglyceride, tumor necrosis factor and FibroScan CAP and body mass, with certain clinical efficacy in a short term.

Relationship between periodontitis and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the relationships of periodontal parameters, cortical width on mental foramen and osteoporotic condition in postmenopausal women.@*METHODS@#Ninetyeight postmenopausal women between 50 to 65 years old were recruited. General conditions, such as age, menopausal age, duration of menopause, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. Periodontal parameters were examined, including oral hygiene index simplified (OHI-S), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival recession (GR) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Panoramic radiograph was taken and the cortical width (CW) of mental foramen was measured on images. The examiner was celebrated. Bone mass density (BMD) of left hip and lumbar spine was assessed using standardized dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. According to World Health Organization, based on the T-score of BMD (difference of the measured BMD and the mean value of young white women in terms of standard deviations), the subjects were divided into osteoporotic group (T-score<-2.5) and non-osteoporotic group (T-score≥-2.5). These parameters were compared between the groups.@*RESULTS@#The number of osteoporotic group was 47 (47.96%). Ages and duration of menopause were significantly different between the groups. Osteoporotic group presented older ages [(59.64±4.58) years vs. (56.94 ± 4.26) years, P<0.05], and longer duration of menopause [(10.17± 5.37) years vs. (6.02 ±4.48) years, P<0.05]. There was no significant difference in menopausal age and BMI between the groups. BOP% was statistically significantly higher in osteoporotic group (29.43±21.12) than in non-osteoporotic group (21.43±17.09), with a P-value of 0.046. The other periodontal parameters, including OHI-S, PD, CAL, and GR were not statistically significantly different in the groups. The CWs were statistically significantly lower in osteoporotic group compared with non-osteoporotic group, with a P-value of 0.001. The mean values of CWs were (3.61±1.04) mm (osteoporotic group) and (4.25±0.77) mm (non-osteoporotic group), respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#The study demonstrated absence of a significant association between periodontal parameters and BMD. However, the CWs were found to be related with the BMD, which may be used to detect BMD abnormal in maxillofacial imaging. The dentists should pay attention not only to the oral health, but also to the general bone mass density, which may be detected on panoramic images.

Intervention Effect of Fuyuan Huoxuetang for Postoperative Syndrome of Partial Splenic Arterial Embolization in Patients with Hypersplenism of Blood Stasis Type Liver Cirrhosis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To analyze the effect of Fuyuan Huoxuetang for the postoperative syndrome of partial splenic arterial embolization (PSE) in patients with hypersplenism of blood stasis type hepatic cirrhosis. Method: 86 patients with hypersplenism of blood stasis type hepatic cirrhosis treated with PSE were divided into observation group (44 cases) and control group (42 cases). Patients in both groups were treated with routine liver protection, antiviral, postoperative prophylactic anti-infection and symptomatic supportive care. Patients in treatment group started to take the Fuyuan Huoxuetang on the first day after the operation of PSE. The degree of pain, duration of fever, abdominal distention, and biochemical index changes of the two groups were observed 7 days after surgery. Result: After postoperative treatment, both groups of patients showed significant increases in the levels of -glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and white blood cell(WBC)(PP(P0.05) after the treatment with oral Fuyuan Huoxuetang. As compared with control group, the pain score was significantly lower in observation group (PPPConclusion: Fuyuan Huoxuetang could effectively interfere with the postoperative syndrome of PSE in patients with hepatic cirrhosis combined with hypersplenism by reducing pain, shortening the duration of fever and relieving the degree of abdominal distension and constipation.

's experience in treating dry eye syndrome with fire needling / 中国针灸

Professor - is the representative inheritor of fire needling therapy. He proposed that the clinical application of fire needling is mainly based on pattern differentiation according to eight priciples, as well as in coordination with the theories of meridians and - organs. He believes that dry eye syndrome can be treated from the aspects of deficiency of liver and kidney, heart deficiency, and and deficiency. Through deeply digging the connotation of ancient classics, and combined his clinical practice using fire needling, professor created a unique therapy that select "Neichengqi"as the main acupoint combined with Xialeidian, Dagukong (EX-UE 5), Xiaogukong (EX-UE 6) and Shaoze (SI 1) in the treatment of dry eye syndrome. In this paper, from the etiology and pathogenesis of dry eye syndrome and therapeutic characteristics of fire needling, the thoughts of syndrome differentiation and characteristics of acupoints selection of professor were analyzed by a typical case, and it is expect to enrich the clinical treatment plan for dry eye syndrome.

Effect of Electroacupuncture on Learning-memory and Expression of β-site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 in APP/PS1 Mice / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To explore the effects of electroacupuncture at Baihui (DU20) and Shenting (GV24) on Alzheimer's disease, and possible mechanism for it.Methods A total of 24 eight-month-old APP/PS1 male mice were randomly divided into model group (n = 8), electroacupuncture group (n = 8) and non-acupoint group (n = 8), and other eight wild-type mice were as wild-type group.The electroacupuncture group accepted electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting, while the non-acupoint group accepted electroacupuncture at bilateral subcostal non-acupoint area, and the wild-type group and the model group accepted the same grasping and fixing, for 28 days. Then they assessed with Morris water maze test. The levels of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) in cerebral cortex were detected with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence respectively, and the level of BACE1 m RNA with RT-PCR.Results Compared with the model group, the escape latency decreased in the electroacupuncture group (P ＜ 0.001), and the times crossing platforms increased (P ＜ 0.001), while the expression of BACE1 and Aβ decreased (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Electroacupuncture may improve the learning-memory ability by inhibiting the expression of BACE1 in the cerebral cortex of APP/PS1 mice to decreasing the level of Aβ.

Underestimation of weight status among overweight and obese adults in China in 2013 / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective The aim is to understand the underestimation of body weight status and its associated factors among overweight and obese adults in China. Methods Nationally representative data were collected in 2013 by the China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance which used a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. A total of 87 552 overweight and obese adults aged ≥18 years old were included. Demographic characteristics, weight perception and disease status were obtained from in-person interviews. Height, weight and blood pressure were measured through physical examination. Venous blood samples were obtained and assayed for fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Complex sampling was weighted and multiple logistic regression models were used for analyzing. Results Among overweight and obese adults, 74.7% (95% CI: 73.3%-76.1%) underestimated their weight status. The mild underestimation rate was 60.7% (59.6%-61.7%) while the severe was 14.0% (13.1%-14.9%). The aged, low education level, low annual income, rural area and obesity were risk factors for both weight status underestimation and severe underestimation (all P<0.05). Awareness of having hypertension and dyslipidemia were protective factors (all P<0.05). Conclusions Most overweight and obese adults in China underestimated their own weight status, which was affected by age, education and income level, awareness of having chronic diseases and other factors. Targeted interventions should be carried out for different characteristic groups.

Elevated Levels of Soluble ST2 were Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity and Ameliorated Inflammation in Synovial Fibroblasts / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Much evidence has demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-33 plays an important role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, there have been limited studies about soluble ST2, a receptor for IL-33, in RA. The aims of this study were to detect the levels of ST2 in the serum and synovial fluid of RA patients and to reveal the association of these levels with disease activity and the function of ST2 in RA.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 56 RA patients and 38 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Synovial fluid samples were collected from another 30 RA patients and 20 osteoarthritis patients. Serum and synovial fluid levels of ST2 were measured by ELISA. In addition, the levels of ST2 in the serum of RA patients before and after therapy were detected. The function of ST2 in RA was revealed by the results of an in vitro cell assay, where recombinant ST2 proteins were used to treat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum-soluble ST2 levels were significantly higher in RA patients (127.14 ± 61.43 pg/ml) than those in healthy controls (78.37 ± 41.93 pg/ml, P < 0.01). Synovial fluid-soluble ST2 levels (41.90 ± 33.58 pg/ml) were much higher in RA patients than those in osteoarthritis patients (19.71 ± 16.72 pg/ml, P < 0.05). RA patients who received effective therapy for 6 months showed decreased serum-soluble ST2 levels (113.01 ± 53.90 pg/ml) compared to baseline (139.59 ± 68.36 pg/ml) (P = 0.01). RA patients with high disease activity had higher serum-soluble ST2 levels (162.02 ± 56.78 pg/ml) than those with low disease activity (94.67 ± 40.27 pg/ml, P = 0.001). Soluble ST2 did not affect IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in PBMCs from RA patients. However, soluble ST2 ameliorated the expressions of IL-33 and IL-1β but not that of IL-6, IL-8, or TNF-α in resting RASFs. Interestingly, in the RASFs stimulated by TNF-α plus IL-1β, soluble ST2 showed extensive suppressive effects on the expression of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Elevated levels of ST2 in the serum and synovial fluid were associated with disease activity and ameliorated IL-33 expression and IL-33-induced inflammation in RASFs, suggesting that soluble ST2 might be a potential therapeutic candidate for RA.</p>

Effects of Electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting on Learning and Memory and Expression of Purinoceptor P2X7 in Hippocampal CA1 after Cerebral Ischmeia-reperfusion in Rats / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture at Baihui (GV20) and Shenting (GV24) on learning and memory in rats after cerebral ischmeia-reperfusion and the possible mechanism. Methods A total of 42 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=12) and operation group (n=30). The left middle cerebral arteries of the operation group were occluded with the modified Longa's method for 90 minutes and reperfused, and 24 qualified rats were randomly divided into model group (n=12) and elec-troacupuncture group (n=12), and the latter accepted electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting for seven days. They were assessed with Longa's score two hours after modeling, and one, three, seven days after intervention. They were tested with Barnes maze since three days after intervention, once a day for five days. The expression of purinoceptor P2X7 in CA1 of the hippocampus were detected with immunofluorescence seven days after inter-vention, while the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in CA1 were detect-ed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The Longa's score was improved in the electroacupuncture group compared with that in the model group seven days after intervention (P<0.05); while the escape latency and the times entering the wrong hole increased in the model group compared with that in the sham group (P<0.001), and decreased in the electroacupuncture group compared with that in the model group (P<0.001). The expression of P2X7, IL-1β and TNF-α increased in the model group compared with the sham operation group (P<0.001), and decreased in the electroacupuncture group compared with that in the model group (P<0.05). Conclusion Electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting can improve the learning and memory in rats after cerebral isch-emia-reperfusion, which may associate with inhibition of P2X7 to alleviate inflammation in hippocampus.

Impacts of DES on the expressions of related genes in the gubernaculums testis of newborn mice / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the influence of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on the mRNA expressions of the androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor α (ERα), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and actin alpha 1 (ACTα1) in the gubernaculums testis of newborn mice and explore their action mechanisms.@*METHODS@#A total of 140 male Kunming mice were randomly divided into a blank control, a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) control, and 5 experimental groups to be treated subcutaneously with normal saline, DMSO, and DES at 0.02, 0.1, 0.5, 10 and 50 μg per kg of the body weight per day, respectively, at gestation days 9－17. On the first day after birth, the animals were sacrificed and the gubernaculums testis collected for detection of the mRNA expressions of AR, ERα, PCNA and ACTα1 by RT-PCR.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the DMSO control, the experimental groups, particularly the DES 10 and 50 μg groups, showed significant increases in the mRNA expression of ERα (RE2 = 0.825, P <0.05), but remarkable decreases in those of AR, PCNA and ACTα1 (RA2 = 0.713, RP2 = 0.946, RT2 = 0.960, P <0.01), all in a dose-dependent manner.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The AR, ERα, PCNA, and ACTα1 mRNA are expressed in the gubernaculum testis of normal newborn mice, and their expression levels may be influenced by intervention with different concentrations of DES during the gestation. Exogenous estrogens may affect the proliferation and contraction of gubernaculum testis cells and consequently the normal development of the testis or even the whole male reproductive system by influencing the metabolism of ER and/or AR.

Prediction of 10-year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk among Adults Aged 40-79 Years in China: a Nationally Representative Survey / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the distribution of 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk among Chinese adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We estimated the 10-year ASCVD risk by applying the 2013 American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association pooled cohort equations (PCEs) to the data obtained from the 2010 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance that involved 61,541 participants (representing 520,158,652 Chinese adults) aged 40-79 years. We also compared the ASCVD risk with the 10-year ischemic cardiovascular disease (ICVD) risk, which was calculated using the simplified scoring tables recommended by the Chinese Guidelines for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases (Chinese model).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Based on the PCEs, the average 10-year ASCVD risk among adults without self-reported stroke or myocardial infraction was 12.5%. Approximately 247 million (47.4%) and 107 million (20.6%) adults had ⋝ 7.5% and > 20% 10-year ASCVD risks, respectively. The 10-year ASCVD risk > 20% was higher among men, less educated individuals, smokers, drinkers, and physically inactive individuals than among their counterparts. Overall, 29.0% of adults categorized using the Chinese model were overclassified with the PCEs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our results define the distribution of 10-year ASCVD risk among Chinese adults. The 10-year ASCVD risk predicted by the PCEs was higher than the ICVD risk predicted by the Chinese model.</p>

Gender-specific Association of Sleep Duration with Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Body Fat in Chinese Adults / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the association between habitual sleep duration and obesity among Chinese adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The association of sleep duration and obesity was investigated among 7,094 community-dwelling Chinese adults. Sleep duration was self-reported. In this study, obesity was defined as follows: body mass index (BMI) ⋝ 28 kg/m2, waist circumference (WC) ⋝ 85 cm in men and ⋝ 80 cm in women, and percent body fat (%BF) ⋝ 25 in men and ⋝ 35 in women. Logistic and quantile regressions were employed to examine relationships of interest.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Overall, 6.42% of the participants reported short sleep durations (< 6 h/d) while 14.71% reported long (⋝ 9 h/d) sleep durations. Long sleepers (⋝ 9 h/d) represented a greater frequency of women with obesity [odds ratio (OR): 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.67] and high body fat (1.43, 1.04-1.96) than those who slept 7-8 h/d. An association between long sleep times and higher BMI estimations was found across the 10th-75th percentile of the BMI distribution. Among men, long sleepers (⋝ 9 h/d) presented lower risks of developing abdominal obesity compared with individuals who slept 7-8 h/d (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.44-0.99).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our study suggests that long sleep durations are associated with general obesity in Chinese women but reduced waist circumferences in men. Confirmatory studies are needed to determine the heterogeneous association of sleep time and obesity by gender.</p>

Prevalence of Major Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease in Women in China: Surveillance Efforts / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship of socioeconomic status and acculturation with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profiles and CVD and examine the CVD risk factors associated with CVD. We used data from the 2010 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance surveys, which consisted of a nationally representative sample of women. The following prevalence was found: myocardial infarction (MI): 0.4%; stroke: 0.5%; abnormal cholesterolemia: 44.9%; overweight or obesity: 32.2%; hypertension: 31.7%; diabetes: 9.0%; and smoking: 2.5%. In total, 30.9% of Chinese women had no risk factors, but 13.3% had ⋝3 associated risk factors. In multivariate-adjusted models, hypertension, diabetes, overweight or obese, and smoking were all directly associated with MI; For stroke, associations were positive with hypertension, abnormal cholesterolemia, diabetes, and overweight or obesity. Therefore, it can be concluded that CVD risk factors are common among Chinese women aged ⋝18 years.

Negative Association of Domestic Activity and Active Commuting with Metabolic Syndrome in a Chinese Population Aged 35-64 Years / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the associations of physical activity domains with metabolic syndrome among a middle-aged Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In all, 3326 professional adults aged 35-64 years from Beijing and Zhejiang province were recruited with a cluster random sampling method. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was modified, and the recommended Asia-Pacific cut-offs of waist circumstance were introduced into the criteria for metabolic syndrome from the Adult Treatment Panel III. A binary logistic regression model was applied to examine the association of all physical activity domains with the risk of the syndrome.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Participants who engaged in domestic activity for ⋜1176 MET-min/week had a 41.6% less chance of having metabolic syndrome [odds ratio (OR), 0.584; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.480-0.710] than those without this activity. In adjusted models, adults who actively commuted for ⋜33 MET-min/week but <528 MET-min/week had a 25% less chance of having the syndrome (OR, 0.750; 95% CI, 0.582-0.966) than those who did not. No interaction was detected between the two domains of activity and the syndrome.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study highlighted the independently negative association of traffic and house activity with the prevalence of the syndrome in this sample with a generally low level of moderate activity.</p>

Clinical characteristics and combined use of medicine analysis of 2 991 hospitalized patients with psoriasis based on real world database / 中国中药杂志

To analyze the clinical characteristics and combined use of chemical and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) medicine of hospitalized patients with psoriasis base on real world database, 2 991 cases of hospitalized patients with psoriasis in hospital information system (HIS) database from 16 hospitals in China were analyzed for general hospitalization information, combined diseases and combined use of drugs et al. The results showed that half of inpatients aged 18-45 years old. The most common syndrome of TCM was intrinsic blood heat. More than 1/3 inpatients' hospitalization time was 18-25 days, and the average expense of hospitalization was 6 989. 20 RMB. The top five combined diseases were hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, upper respiratory tract infection and lipoprotein disorders. Medicine information analysis showed 599 chemical medicines and 341 TCMs were used and combined use of drugs was common in clinical practice. Licorice extract medicine was the most common combined TCM with western medicine; in the next two places were compound Qingdai capsule and tripterygium glycosides. The most common combined use of chemical medicines were Vitamin C, calcium gluconate, ketotifen, cetirizine, retinoic acid and external use glucocorticoid. Anti-inflammatory and liver protection, clearing heat and toxic materials, activating blood and dissolving stasis were the most common combined TCM medicine with western medicine, while the most common combined chemical medicine with TCM were anti-allergic, anti-infection, glucocorticoid and retinoic acid. In conclusion, half of hospitalized patients of psoriasis were young adults. The main type of combined diseases was metabolic disorders and upper respiratory infections. Combined use of chemical medicine and TCM was common in clinical practice. Licorice extract medicine was the most common combined TCM with western medicine.

Dietary sodium intake and its impact factors in adults of Shandong province / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Dietary sodium intake and its impact factors in 2 140 adults aged 18-69 years were analyzed. The mean daily sodium intake was 5745.0 (5427.6-6062.5) mg per day, which was higher in males than in females (P<0.01). After having been adjusted for gender, age and urban/city areas, the mean daily sodium intake was significantly higher in participants with a lower education level, drinkers and smokers than in those with a higher education level, nondrinkers and nonsmokers (P<0.01). The dietary sodium intake in adults of Shandong Province is higher than the recommended standards.

BMI, WC, WHtR, VFI and BFI: which indictor is the most efficient screening index on type 2 diabetes in Chinese community population / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, many indexes can be used to describes obesity and predict diabetes. This research attempts to identify the best indicator of obesity to screening diabetes in Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional data of 8121 subjects aged 35-60 years were included in this research belongs to the Diabetes Appropriate Technology Intervention Study. Anthropometric indicators including body weight, height, waist circumferences (WC), body fat index (BFI) and visceral fat index (VFI) and blood biochemical indicators after an overnight fast [fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triacylglycerol] were measured. BMI (body mass index) and Weight to Height Ratio was calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Subjects with obesity had a higher risk of physician diagnosed diabetes (OR=2.50, 95% CI 1.83-3.43), new diagnosed diabetes (OR=4.23, 95% CI 2.91-6.15) and pre-diabetes (OR=1.75, 95% CI 1.31-2.34) compared to those with normal Body mass index (BMI). There was a significant trend of increased risk of all diabetes status with increased waist circumference (WC). The waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) yielded the most significant association with new diagnosed diabetes and physician diagnosed diabetes than other indices.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Central obesity is significantly correlated with diabetes. VFI was most correlated with pre-diabetes while WHtR is an efficient screening index than BMI and WC in Chinese community diabetes screening.</p>