CNN Hardware Accelerator for Real-Time Bearing Fault Diagnosis.

This paper introduces a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) hardware accelerator. It is crafted to conduct real-time assessments of bearing conditions using economical hardware components, implemented on a field-programmable gate array evaluation platform, negating the necessity to transfer data to a cloud-based server. The adoption of the down-sampling technique augments the visible time span of the signal in an image, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the bearing condition diagnosis. Furthermore, the proposed method of quaternary quantization enhances precision and shrinks the memory demand for the neural network model by an impressive 89%. Provided that the current signal data sampling rate stands at 64 K samples/s, the proposed design can accomplish real-time fault diagnosis at a clock frequency of 100 MHz. Impressively, the response duration of the proposed CNN hardware system is a mere 0.28 s, with the fault diagnosis precision reaching a remarkable 96.37%.

Self-assembled monolayer-assisted chemical transfer of in situ functionalized carbon nanotubes.

A low-temperature flexible process, named "chemical transfer", was developed to assemble well-aligned carbon nanotube (ACNT) structures onto various substrates. The technology was featured by (1) in situ functionalization of ACNTs with reactive functional groups during the CVD process and (2) covalently bonded interface with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of conjugated thiol molecules as the bridging ligand and conduction path at the ACNT/gold interface. The effectiveness of the in situ functionalization was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). I-V response and the interfacial strength of the chemically transferred structure were studied. Results showed an Ohmic contact, low electrical resistivity, and improved CNT-substrate adhesion. This novel technique shows promising applications for positioning ACNTs as electrical interconnects or thermal interface materials on temperature-sensitive substrates.

Self-assembly of silver nanoparticles: synthesis, stabilization, optical properties, and application in surface-enhanced Raman scattering.

Silver nanoparticle aggregates were synthesized in large scale using resorcinol under alkaline condition to obtain an assembly of silver clusters. Stable dispersion of the cluster in aqueous medium has been examined out of resorcinol-capped silver nanoparticle assemblies. The UV-vis spectroscopy during the particle evolution has been studied in detail. From the high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image and XRD pattern it was confirmed that the particles are made of pure silver only. The capping action of resorcinol has been authenticated from the FTIR spectra. UV-vis spectroscopy and TEM images reveal that the temperature, effect of vibrational energy, heat shock, and time-dependent particle evolution have unique bearing on the stability and surface properties of the clusters. The concentrations of silver nitrate, resorcinol, and NaOH have important influence on the particle evolution and its size. TEM images incite us to examine the aggregates to capitulate surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to the single molecular level using crystal violet (CV) and cresyl fast violet (CFV) as molecular probes. The SERS intensity of CV increases with increasing the size of the silver aggregate.

Charge-transfer band shifts in iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) by electro-intercalated cations via ground state-energy/lattice-energy link.

It is currently important to achieve and understand adjustments of optical properties: "guest cation" induced CT spectral shifts in Prussian Blue are shown to be driven (via its specific effect on the Fe(CN)6 CT-donor entity) by the cation lattice-energy interaction, as inferred from microgravimetry of introduced alkali-metal ions, and from independent solubility correlations for other intercalated cations.

Variable temperature FTIR study of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)-graft-poly(epsilon-caprolactone).

A recently developed technique, i.e., two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) correlation spectroscopy, is used to study the thermal behavior of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)-graft-poly(epsilon-caprolactone), a new synthesized highly grafted copolymer. The use of the 2D IR approach to analyze temperature-dependent spectra collected in situ during the temperature elevation process effectively enhanced the spectral resolution and revealed details on the hydrogen bonding and conformational change which are not easily detected in the traditional one-dimensional spectra. The sequence of the spectral changes of different OH and CH(2) fundamental vibrations during heating the polymer was inferred from the signs of the asynchronous peaks. Evidence that the conformational changes of the methylene groups precede the loosening of hydrogen bonds is provided.

Optical charge-transfer in iron(III)hexacyanoferrate(II): electro-intercalated cations induce lattice-energy-dependent ground-state energies.

The maximum of the color-conferring charge-transfer (CT) band in Prussian Blue (PB) varies with the electrochemically introduced cation M(z+) incorporated (as "supernumerary") for charge neutrality, and the dependence on particular properties of the M(z+) has been sought. With alkali-metal ions, the CT-maximum shifts are in the same sequence as the PB mass changes on M+ insertion; the effect on the CT ground state of the intra-lattice interaction of an M+ with the ferrocyanide CN- moiety (competing with cation hydration), is then implicated in shifts of the maxima, as the ferrocyanide is the donor center in the optical CT. More definitely, for M2+ and Ag+, solubility-products of the insoluble M(z+) ferrocyanides (that provide direct indicators of the intra-lattice M(z+)-[Fe(II)(CN)(6)](4- interactions) show a strong correlation with the spectral shifts. The determining interaction of M(z+) with ferrocyanide within PB is enhanced in some cases by the accessibility of M(z+) oxidation states +/- 1 different from the common values. PB lattice energies and the ground states of the optical CTs thus appear closely interlinked. The electrochemical uptake of appreciable amounts of the M(z+) within the lattices was confirmed by XPS.