Application and clinical progress of pyrotinib in breast cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Pyrotinib is a new irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and it has shown excellent clinical efficacy in treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer patients. The combination of pyrotinib and capecitabine in the treatment of advanced breast cancer has been recognized at home and abroad. Further exploration of whether there are other antitumor agents that work well in combination with pyrotinib, and whether pyrotinib can enhance clinical benefit in patients with early-stage or middle-stage breast cancer, could develop additional potential of pyrotinib. This article reviews the progress related to pyrotinib in recent years.

Effect of storage temperature and time on coagulation factor after cryoprecipitated antihemophilic factor melting / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To study and compare the effects of different storage temperature and time on coagulation factor after cryoprecipitated antihemophilic factor(CAF) melting, and to provide reference for the establishment of industry standards. 【Methods】 From June 2021 to May 2023, a total of 96 bags of CAF were sampled in 4 bags per month, and timely detected in the same month. After the CAF was melted in a 37℃ water bath, the mild to moderate lipemic blood was labeled. Each bag of CAF and two 50 mL transfer bags were divided into two bags and two groups of 20 mL each using a sterile adapter. One group was placed in a 4℃ refrigerator and the other in a 22℃ water bath for 0 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h. Then 2 mL of aseptic sample was taken separately and put into the test tube, and 1mL of sample and 3 mL of buffer were added into the other test tube with the sampling gun and mixed on the machine for testing. The experimental data of 60 bags without mild to moderate lipemic blood cryoprecipitation and coagulation factor were randomly selected and statistically analyzed by SPSS21.0. 【Results】 After melting, CAF was stored for 0 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h to detect the average content and growth rate of coagulation factor in the two groups: 1) Storage at 4℃, factor Ⅷ content was 118.62, 111.57(-5.95%), 105.51(-11.05%), 103.30(-12.92%), 94.35(-20.46%) and 83.25(-29.82%) IU/ bag, respectively; Storage at 22℃, the factor Ⅷ content was 118.62, 112.69(-5.00%), 111.41(-6.08%), 109.01(-8.10%), 101.55(-14.39%) and 92.75(-21.81%) IU/ bag, and the storage results of the two groups were compared. At 24 h at 4℃ and 48 h at 22℃, the content of factor Ⅷ had significant statistical significance(P0.05). 【Conclusion】 After CAF melting, coagulation factor decreased with the extension of storage time, especially the decrease of factor Ⅷ, followed by factor V, while Fbg basically unchanged. Comparison between the two groups showed that, factor Ⅷ decay rate is slower, factor V decay rate is faster of storage at 22℃. CAF should be transfused as soon as possible after melting. If the delay is unavoidable, for the delay time less than 12 h, storage at 4℃ is recommended, fot the delay time more than 12 h and less than 24 h, storage at 22℃ is recommended.

Radiomics model based on contrast-enhanced CT images to predict pre-treatment regional lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To explore the value of a radiomics model based on contrast-enhanced CT at the arterial and venous phases in predicting the regional lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer.Methods The data of 303 patients with pathologically proven rectal cancer were analyzed retrospectively,and 1 648 CT radiomics features of the primary tumors were extracted from the arterial and venous phases,respectively.Four machine learning models were used including radiomics score(Rad-score),K-nearest neighbor(KNN),multi-layer perceptron(MLP)and support vector machine(SVM),and the model with the best diagnostic performance was selected.Taking the predicted probability of the best machine model in the arterial and venous phases as the input value,logistic regression algorithm was used to further construct a combined nomogram.Results The SVM model had been proved to be the most efficient among the four machine learning models,whether in arterial or venous phases.The combined nomogram based on ASVM and VSVM prediction probability further improved the ability to predict regional lymph node metastasis.The area under the curve(AUC)of the train group was 0.860,and that of the validation group was 0.801,which were higher than those of ASVM model(train group,AUC=0.822;validation group,AUC=0.777)and VSVM model(train group,AUC=0.832;validation group,AUC=0.786).Conclusion The arterial-venous phases radiomics combined nomogram model based on enhanced CT images performs well in predicting rectal cancer patients'pre-treatment lymph node metastasis.

Basic public health service personnel allocation in five regions of Guizhou province / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate basic public health service personnel allocation in five regions of Guizhou province, providing reference and strategies for the construction of grass-roots disease prevention and control system in Guizhou province and the training of grass-roots public health service talents in colleges and universities.Methods:According to the topographical features of Guizhou province, stratified random sampling was completed in five regions including Guiyang, Zunyi, Liupanshui, Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. Questionnaires and on-the-spot symposiums were conducted among basic public health service personnel from 20 township health centers and 20 community health service centers.Results:Women (82.7%), 25-35 years of age (41.7%), working years < 5 years (65.7%), and junior professional titles (59.7%) accounted for a higher proportion of the staff in the five regions. Basic public health service personnel in Guiyang had the highest percentage of undergraduate education (47.5%) and those in other regions had the highest percentage of a junior college education. 40.3% and 26.4% of basic public health service personnel were devoted to nursing and clinical specialties, and only 3.2% of basic public health service personnel were devoted to general practice and preventive medicine. The number of public health practitioners (assistants) per 10,000 residents was 0.05, and 43.5% of public health practitioners had multiple duties.Conclusion:The professional structure of public health personnel is not reasonable at the grass-roots level in Guizhou province. There is an extreme shortage of public health practitioners (assistants), the professional title is low, staffing is inadequate, and staff loss is serious.

Analysis on phenotype and genotyping of CisAB subtypes: 12 Cases / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze and master the serological and genetic characteristics of the samples with CisAB subtype and their genetic background. 【Methods】 From January 2018 to January 2022, blood samples with discrepant ABO blood typing results, from Zhengzhou voluntary blood donors and hospital patients, were subjected to phenotypic classification using micro column gel card and tube method, as well as amplification of exons 6 and 7 in ABO gene using PCR. The pedigrees of individuals with the same CisAB subtype but different serological typing results in the same family were analyzed. 【Results】 11 The forward typing of 12 samples was AB type, and unexpected antibodies against weaker antigens were found in 11 serum samples, including 9 cases with strong antigen A, 2 cases with strong antigen B, and 1 case with consistent forward and reverse typing results. Gene sequencing confirmed that 11 cases were CisAB01 subtype and 1 case was CisAB05 subtype.Among them, 7 cases had the genotype of CisAB01/O and serological phenotype of A2B3; 2 cases had the genotype of CisAB01/B and phenotype of A2B; 2 cases had the genotype of CisAB01/A and serological phenotype of A1Bx and A1B3; 1 case had the phenotype of AxB. In the CisAB01 family, 1 case of CisAB01/O with A2B3 phenotype and 1 case of CisAB01/B with A2B phenotype were detected. In the CisAB05 family, 2 CisAB05/O01 and 1 CisAB05/O02 were detected. 【Conclusion】 The serological phenotypes of different individuals in the same CisAB01 family can be different when paired with different ABO alleles. It is advisable to accurately identify the CisAB subtype genes with molecular biological methods to ensure blood transfusion safety.

Study on Improvement Effects and Mechanism of Paeoniflorin on Myocardial Injury in Type 2 Diabetic Model Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To study the improvement effects of paeon iflorin（PF）on myocardial injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）model rats and its mechanism. METHODS ：The experiment was set up in the normal group ，model group ， positive control group （metformin 90 mg/kg），PF high-dose ，medium-dose and low-dose groups （90，60，30 mg/kg），with 8 rats in each group. Except for normal group ，other groups were given high-glucose and high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin （30 mg/kg） to induce T 2DM model. After modeling ， administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically，normal group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically ，once a day ，for consecutive 4 weeks. The body weight ，fasting blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance were measured ；serum levels of glycosylated serum protein （GSP），total cholesterol （TC），triacylglycerol（TG），glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px），superoxide dismutase（SOD），malondialdehyde（MDA），creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB （CK-MB） and troponin Ⅰ （cTn Ⅰ） were determined. The pathomorphological changes of myocardium were observed. The apoptosis index of rat cardiomyocytes was （ detected. The protein expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2），Bcl-2 related X protein （Bax）and caspase- 3 in rat myocardium were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RE SULTS：Compared with normal group ，the body weight ，serum levels of GSH-Px and SOD ，protein expression of Bcl- 2 in myocardium were decreased significantly in model group（P＜0.01）；while fasting blood glucose ，area under blood glucose curve ，serum levels of biochemical indexes （GSP，TC， TG，MDA，CK-MB，cTnⅠ），cardiomyocyte apoptosis index ，protein expression of Bax and caspase- 3 in myocardium were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The arrangement of myocardium was relatively irregular ，and some muscle fibers were broken. Compared with model group ，except for body weight ，serum levels of SOD and MDA ，the protein expression of Bax in myocardium in PF low-dose group ， above indexes of PF groups were reversed significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS：PF can regulate glycolipid metabolism ，enhance antioxidant ability ，inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improve myocardial injury in T 2DM model rats ；the mechanism may be associated with increasing the protein expression of Bcl- 2 and down-regulating the protein expression of Bax and caspase- 3 in myocardium.

Multi-slice CT features and pathological correlation of peripheral lung cancer associated with thin-walled airspace / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate multi-slice CT (MSCT) features and pathological basis of lung cancer containing thin-walled airspace. Methods Thirty?five cases of pathologically confirmed lung cancer containing thin-walled airspace were retrospectively analysed with regard to clinical data, pathological types and MSCT features between 2012 and 2015.There were 35 cases(25 adenocarcinoma, 9 squamous carcinoma, 1 spindle cell tumor) in total. MSCT features were compared between the lesions with or without solid component .Fisher exact test was used for the statistical analysis. For dynamic follow-up CT scans, the lesion dynamic change was evaluated .Correlations between the pathological section and CT images of the 11 cases were analysed. Results These features accounted for more than 60% of all MSCT signs in 35 cases, including round shape in 28 cases(80.0%),lobulation in 32 cases(91.4%),multiple cysts in 27 cases(77.1%), irregular inner wall in 33 cases(94.3%)and septum in airspace in 31 cases(88.6%). Shape, spiculation, bronchus cut-off, blood vessel and bronchus passing through the airspace, and ground-glass opacity were significantly different between the lesions with or without solid component(P<0.05).The frequency of spiculation(11 cases) and bronchus cut-off(12 cases) in mixed solid lesions was higher than that in lesions without solid component(1 case, respectively).The frequency of irregular shape(6 cases),blood vessel passing through the airspace(12 cases),ground-glass opacity(13 cases)and bronchus passing through the airspace(7 cases) in lesions without solid were higher than that in solid mixed lesions(1, 1, 5, 3 cases respectively).The pathological basis of the formation of thin-walled airspace was obvious central necrosis in solid lesions and emphysematous change due to the tumor cells diffused along the inner airspace wall and the alveolar wall destruction.Five lesions were with progressive wall thickening and increased size of the airspace,and two lesions were with decreased size of the airspace and enlarged nodules in followed CT.One case of lung cancer with thin-walled airspace evolved from ground glass nodule. Conclusions The CT manifestation of lung cancer containing thin-walled airspace was characteristic.The pathological basis of the thin-walled airspace was various.