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Hypertension is a common chronic disease with elevated arterial pressure as the main clinical manifestation，which can cause lesions in important organs such as heart，brain and kidney. In recent years，the prevalence of hypertension has increased，and its incidence is also increasing year by year. Combining the theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） with personal clinical experience，Academician TONG Xiaolin put forward the specific pathogenesis of "disease-stage-state" of hypertension based on the state-target theory. Lipophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension by interfering with lipid metabolism，atherosclerosis，arterial plaque formation，vascular remodeling，vascular endothelial injury and other aspects of hypertension. Through modern medical and biological research，on the one hand，it is believed that the dynamic pathological changes in lipophagy are closely related to the "stage" of hypertensive state-target differentiation and treatment，corresponding to the time points of disease occurrence and development in the three stages of hypertension. On the other hand，it is believed that lipophagy is an important microscopic manifestation of the "state" of hypertensive state-target differentiation and treatment. From the perspective of lipophagy，this paper discusses the biological connotation of the 'disease-stage-state' model of state-target differentiation and treatment of hypertension and draws on the modern medicine to understand the law of disease development，matching the macro differentiation and treatment of TCM and the micro physico-chemical indicators of modern medicine to achieve precise TCM treatment. This study provides new ideas for the early prevention and treatment of hypertension and its complications.
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Hepatic encephalopathy is a clinical syndrome of central nervous system dysfunction caused by liver insufficiency.It severely affects the quality of life of patients and may lead to death.Accurate prediction of the risk of developing hepatic encephalopathy is crucial for early intervention and treatment.In order to identify the risk of hepatic encephalopathy in patients in advance,many studies have been devoted to efforts to develop tools and methods to identify the risk of hepatic encephalopathy as early as possible,so as to develop preventive and early management strategies.Most conventional hepatic encephalopathy risk prediction models currently assess the prob-ability of a patient developing hepatic encephalopathy by analysing factors such as clinical data and biochemical indicators,however,their accuracy,sensitivity and positive predictive value are not high.The application of artificial intelligence to clinical predictive modelling is a very hot and promising area,which can use large amounts of data and complex algorithms to improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis and prognosis.To date,there have been few studies using AI techniques to predict hepatic encephalopathy.Therefore,this paper reviews the research progress of hepatic encephalopathy risk prediction models,and also discusses the prospect of AI application in hepatic encephalopathy risk prediction models.It also points out the challenges and future research directions of AI in HE risk prediction model research in order to promote the development and clinical application of hepatic encephalopathy risk prediction models.
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In order to provide reference for treatment of liver tumors using traditional Chinese medicine, we analyzed the research status of liver tumor treatment with traditional Chinese Medicine based on PubMed. By the bibliography information concurrence mining system (BICOMB 2013), the literature were collected and analyzed from PubMed database from the day of establishment to 31 October 2017. CytoScape3.6.1 software was used to draw the Co-occurrence analysis chart of high-frequency subject headings and the subheadings, and SPSS17 statistical software was used to cluster the high frequency subject headings. 365 literatures were collected in total. The amount of published articles is increasing year by year. The literatures were mainly in English. From the literature indicating the author's country, we found that 70％ of the top 10 countries and regions which published the most papers were from Asia. Among them, Chinese scholars ranked first. The top 5 of the high-frequency subject headings and the subheadings were Humans, Male, Animals, Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy and Carcinoma, and Hepatocellular/drug therapy. The research focused on the following 9 aspects: metabolism of liver cells, neoplasms, liver cancer pathology, pharmacological efficacy of liver cancer, relationship between cell proliferation and apoptosis and efficacy; xenograft model antitumor assays in mice, pharmacology of antitumor Chinese herbal medicine or phytogenic drugs, the effects of dose-response relationship, cellular activity and signal transduction on drug efficacy, therapeutic uses of traditional and phytotherapy and the outcome and mortality of liver tumor. By the bibliometric analysis in the field of traditional medicine for liver tumor, we can understand the research direction and development status of this field, which can be reference for prevention and treatment of liver cancer with TCM.
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Objective: To explore the research focus on Chinese medicine intervene stem cells in the treatment of ischemic heart disease and provide reference for the future research in this field by retrieving, co-occurrence analyzing and cluster analyzing of quantitative analysis the related literature. Methods: The literatures related to this study were retrieved from the China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI) and PubMed database. The high frequency words were cooccurrence analyzing and cluster analyzing by bibliographic item co-occurrence matrix builder (BICOMB) software, Cytoscape3.6.1 drawing software and SPSS statistical analysis software. Results: In CNKI, there were 116 literatures published and 43 high frequency words (frequency＞ 3 times), and it had 226 co-occurrence relation among high frequency words. The high-frequency words were clustered into 7 categories. In PubMed, there were 44 literature published and 35 high frequency words (frequency＞3 times), and it had 355 co-occurrence relation among high frequency words. The high-frequency words are clustered into 8 categories. Conclusion: The research of Chinese medicine intervene stem cells in the treatment of ischemic heart disease was more and more popular in the world after2005. The hot researches on traditional Chinese medicine are 6 aspects of Chinese herbal medicine, Yiqi Wengyang Huoxue Formula, Panax notoginseng, Rehmannia glutinosa oligosaccharides, Danshen injection and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae.
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BACKGROUND:Metabonomics has been proved to analyze and observe the pathological process of rat myocardial infarction and the underlying mechanism. OBJECTIVE:To further analyze the metabolomic pathways of bioinformatics in rat models of myocardial infarction. METHODS:The experimental studies about rat myocardial infarction were retrieved from CNKI, WanFang, CqVip, PubMed and Embase databases. The metabolic products described in the literatures were col ected and summarized. Signaling pathways were analyzed using KEGG database molecular function annotation, the enzymes, translocators and their properties were analyzed by HMDB database. Metabolites pathway were visualized with MetPA. RESULTS AND CONSLUSION:A total of 26 metabolic products were identified in the included literatures and mainly participated in 29 metabolic pathways. Through topology analysis, 5 of the 10 metabolic pathways were selected and regarded as the metabolic pathways of myocardial infarction in rats, including aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis;glycine, serine and threonine metabolism;valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis;biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids;phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. In conclusion, the bioinformatics analysis of metabolites in rats with myocardial infarction show that myocardial infarction is related to the metabolism and metabolic pathways of carbohydrates, proteins, fat and RNA.
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Objective To assess the relationship between fat metabolic parameters and androgen concentration in the cord blood of newborns of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods This cross-sectional study included PCOS women (n=55) and neonatal, and 40 cases with matched body mass index (BMI) were used as control. The clinical data including height, body mass, waist circumference, hip circumference of PCOS group, and length and head circumference in newborns after delivery were measured and compared. Blood lipid level, serum insulin and testosterone level were detected using umbilical artery-vein mixed cord blood after delivery. Regression analysis was used to analyze the influence factors of neonatal cholesterol and testosterone levels. Results The neonatal birth weight, head circumference, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride level were significantly lower, birth height and testosterone level were significantly higher, in PCOS group than those of control group (P＜0.05). Values of waist to hip ratio, BMI, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and testosterone levels were significantly higher in PCOS group than those of control group (P＜0.05). The insulin, cholesterol and triglyceride levels of PCOS mother were risk factors for neonatal cholesterol level(P ＜ 0.05). The cholesterol, triglyceride and free testosterone levels of PCOS mother were risk factors for increased neonatal free testosterone (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Mother with PCOS may affect fetal birth weight, head circumference and cord blood lipid metabolism, which may be related with the elevated level of testosterone during the fetal period.
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This paper was aimed to study the effectiveness and safety of TanshinoneⅡA Sulfonate Sodium Injection in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris (UAP). Keywords such as coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, coronary heart disease, unstable angina, chest impediment, cardialgia, TanshinoneⅡA Sulfonate Sodium Injection, tanshinone injection, tanshinoneⅡA sulfonate, unstable, angina, randomized controlled trial (RCT), and clinical trials were searched in CNKI, VIP, Wanfang and Pubmed from the construction of database until October 31st, 2014. The inclusion criteria were RCT with clinical data integrity, similar literature research methods, and good balance between groups. The Jadad score method was used to carry out quality assessment. Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan5.2 software. Count data was processed by odds ratio (OR). Measurement data was processed with the weighted mean differences (WMD). The 95% confidence interval (CI) was also calculated. The heterogeneity test result of included literatures was P > 0.05. The fixed effects model was used in the meta-analysis. On the other hand, random effect model was used. For the analysis results of more than 10 papers, the funnel plot was used in the analysis of publication bias. The results showed that a total of 34 studies were included. The results of meta-analysis suggested that the total efficiency of conventional treatment plus TanshinoneⅡA Sulfonate Sodium Injection for UAP was [OR = 3.83, 95%CI (3.11, 4.71),P < 0.000 01]. The electrocardiogram improvement rate was [OR = 3.34, 95%CI (2.61,4.28),P < 0.000 01]; plasma viscosity improvement was [WMD = -0.20, 95%CI (-0.38, -0.03),P = 0.03]; high shear viscosity of whole blood improvement was [WMD = -0.67, 95%CI (-0.85, -0.50),P < 0.000 01]; C-reactive protein improvement was [WMD = -2.66, 95%CI (-3.31, -2.00),P < 0.000 01]. It was concluded that the conventional treatment plus TanshinoneⅡA Sulfonate Sodium Injection for UAP had certain clinical effect with no obvious adverse reaction. However, due to the poor quality of the existing research literatures, the results should be further verified by large amount of high quality RCTs.
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This study was aimed to analyze the plasma metabolicomics pathway in rats with heart blood stasis syn-drome. KEGG database was used in the signal pathway analysis. HMDB was used in the analysis of molecular metabolite annotation, enzyme or transporter associated and its related properties. The metPA network software was used in the visualization of metabolite path. The results showed that 9 metabolites involved in 15 metabolic pathways. Among them, the P-value of metabolic pathway of pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, propanoate metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids was less than 0.05. It was concluded that the metabolic pathways of pan-tothenate and CoA biosynthesis, propanoate metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids were involved with the pathological process of rats with heart blood stasis syndrome.
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This study was aimed to analyze the bioinformatics of proteomics of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) intervened by active principle region of Yang-Xin Tong-Mai Formula (apr-YTF). The latest versions of bioinformatics tools including DAVID (http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov/) and GO (http://www.geneontology.org/) were combined to assign a precise function to rat bone marrow MSCs intervened by apr-YTF. KEGG and VISANT were assigned with a precise function to rat bone marrow MSCs intervened by apr-YTF. The results showed that a total of 102 biological processes were mainly involved, with 35 cellular components and 6 molecular functions. These proteins interacted in 3 signal transduction pathways. It was concluded that the following proteins and signal transduction pathways played an important role in the process of apr-YTF inducing BMSCs differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Presenilin-1 and Presenilin-2 were in the Notch signaling pathway. And syntaxin-4 protein was in soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein attachment protein (SNARE). The apr-YTF played a role on MSCs from multiple sites, with multiple links through different biological processes. The bioinformatics of proteomics can predict action mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from the holism concept. The validation in combination with molecularbiology was a good way for TCM modernization.
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BACKGROUND:Astragaloside and tanshinone IIa are the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of myocardial ischemia, and its role in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s differentiation into myocardium-like cel s remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of tanshinone IIa and astragaloside on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s into myocardium-like cel s. METHODS:The maximal non-toxic concentrations of tanshinone IIa and astragaloside were measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, to define the dose of the two in the induced differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s into myocardium-like cel s. The isolated and purified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were divided into five groups:astragaloside group, tanshinone IIa group, astragaloside+tanshinone IIa group, 5-azacitidine group, and blank control group. The expression of gap junction connexin 43 and troponin was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expression of gap junction connexin 43 and troponin in astragaloside group, tanshinone IIa group, astragaloside+tanshinone IIa group, 5-azacitidine group was higher than that in blank control group (P0.05). A combined use of astragaloside and tanshinone IIa can induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s to differentiate into myocardium-like cel s, and their joint role is better than the role of a single ingredient.
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BACKGROUND:During culture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs),a certain serum is commonly added in the basic medium,such as calf serum and fetal bovine serum,but there are potential biological safety risks.OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of different serum microenvironments on in vitro culture of rat BMSCs.METHODS:BMSCs were harvested from adult rat bone marrow,and cultured in vitro by whole bone marrow adherence method.The cells were cultured under the following serum microenvironment.The primary cells of autoserum group were cultured with autoserum,changing the medium with fetal bovine serum after passage.The primary calls of homogeneity foreign serum group were cultured with homogeneity foreign serum,changing the medium with fetal bovine serum after passage.The primary cells of fetal bovine serum group were cultured with fetal bovine serum,and cultured with fetal bovine serum after passage.The primary cells of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium(DMEM)group were cultured with serum-free DMEM,changing the medium with fetal bovine serum after passage.The morphologic changes in BMSCs were detected under an inverted phase contrast microscope.Attachment rate and growth curve were measured.Surface marker CD11b,CD45 and CD90 expression was analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In autoserum and homogeneity foreign serum groups,the homogenicity and degrees of fusion of call morphology were improved in comparison with other two groups and the day of first passage was less than other groups.The attachment rate was greater in the autoserum,homogeneity foreign serum and fetal bovine serum groups than the DMEM group at 24,48,72 hours(P＜0.01).Doubling rate was fastest in the growth curve of autoserum group,followed by homogeneity foreign serum group and fetal bovine serum group.However,no doubling phenomenon was found in the DMEM group.Flow cytometry results demonstrated that the rates of CD11b-positive and CD45-positive cells at passage 3 were above 98% under medium containing serum,and CD90-positive rate was less than 2%.We could obtain BMSCs of higher purity.However,CD11b-positive rate was 95.83%,CD90-positive rate was 2.07%,but CD45 positive rate was only 64.79% under serum-free microenvironment.BMSC purity was significantly lower under serum-free microenvironment than under serum microenvironment.Results indicated that the microenvironment of rat autoserum can improve the attachment rate,growth and purification of BMSCs.
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This article overviews researches on acute myocardial infarction syndrome treated with TCM.We claim that the basic pathology of this disease should be futiber explored and essential factors for syndrome difierentiation should be studied.We also put forward quantitative diagnosis should be carried out to the essential factors and experimental indexes.