Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes in Treatment of Ischemic Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases， encompassing ischemic heart disease and ischemic cerebrovascular disease， possess the features of high prevalence， disability， and mortality rates， thus ranking as the leading cause of global mortality. The shared etiology of ischemic heart disease and ischemic cerebrovascular disease involves local hypoperfusion caused by vascular stenosis， atherosclerosis， and infarction. Their intricate pathological processes involve various mechanisms such as inflammation， pyroptosis， apoptosis， and autophagy. However， interventions targeting individual pathological pathways offer limited therapeutic effects. There is an urgent need to explore novel treatment strategies or medications capable of simultaneously intervening in multiple pathological pathways. Mesenchymal stem cells， through their paracrine effects， play a role in tissue repair， with exosomes playing an important role. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes exhibit immunomodulatory and reparative properties similar to their parent cells while also reducing the side effects and infusion toxicity associated with the direct application of stem cells. Thus， they hold broad prospects for the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and formulations， with their characteristics of multiple components， targets， and multi-level system regulation， can improve the cellular microenvironment by modulating mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes， thereby exerting therapeutic effects on ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This viewpoint highlights the concept of microscopic pattern differentiation in modern TCM and represents another significant area of TCM modernization. This article provided a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases while discussing the application of TCM in regulating mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases， offering new insights for the prevention and treatment of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases using TCM.

Research hotspots and frontiers of functional magnetic resonance imaging in treatment of ischemic stroke by traditional Chinese medicine / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:This review explores the current research status and frontier hot spots of functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)in the field of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for the treatment of ischemic stroke,and attempts to grasp future research trends,with a view to providing a reference for subsequent research in this field. OBJECTIVE:To visualize and analyze the hotspots and frontiers in the TCM treatment of ischemic stroke based on fMRI using CiteSpace knowledge mapping combined with binary logistic regression equations,in order to grasp the future research trends and further explore the distribution of brain regions with abnormal neural activity related to the types of post-stroke dysfunction. METHODS:CNKI,WanFang,VIP,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and Web of Science core set database were searched.CiteSpace was used to plot keyword co-occurrence,keyword clustering timeline,burst term detection,co-cited literature mapping to analyze hotpots and frontiers in this field.Binary logistic regression analysis fitted the distribution of brain regions with abnormal neural activity associated with different dysfunction after ischemic stroke. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 354 articles were included for CiteSpace knowledge mapping analysis.The number of annual publications showed that the research popularity has been raised from 2000 to 2022 with a good development prospect,but the core strength is mainly concentrated in China.Keywords co-occurrence and clustering time line analysis showed that aphasia,hemiplegia and cognitive impairment are the hot poststroke dysfunction types.Electroacupuncture,acupuncture and head acupuncture are hotspot intervention measures.Functional connectivity is a hotspot analysis method,and resting fMRI is a hotspot scanning technology.The time span of each research hotspot is long,indicating that it has a certain research value and the relevant research is gradually deepening,promoting the research progress in this field.However,acupuncture is the main intervention measure,and there is a lack of research on traditional Chinese medicine,Chinese patent medicine,acupuncture and medicine combination and other TCM therapy.Burst term detection results showed that functional connectivity,graph theory,degree centrality,default mode network,randomized controlled trials have great influence and strong explosive power.They are the current and future frontier hot spots in this field,suggesting that future research should focus on the brain network information integration and strengthen the scientific and rigorous clinical trial design.The results of co-cited literature analysis showed that the epidemiological investigation of ischemic stroke,the safety and effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of stroke,the brain activation patterns under different tasks,and the neuropathological mechanism of brain network dysfunction after stroke are the theoretical basis of this field.Future research direction in this field is to explore TCM-targeted brain regions and neural networks to reveal the brain effect mechanism of TCM promoting neural remodeling after stroke.A total of 255 articles were included for binary Logistic regression analysis.The results showed that sensorimotor cortex and premotor area dysfunction are positively correlated with the incidence of motor dysfunction after stroke;hippocampus,cerebellum posterior lobe,precuneus,inferior temporal gyrus and anterior cingulate nerve dysfunction are positively correlated with the incidence of cognitive impairment after stroke;cuneus,angular gyrus and prefrontal lobe neural dysfunction were positively correlated with the incidence of affective disorder after stroke;anterior cingulate,cerebellum posterior lobe neural dysfunction are positively correlated with the incidence of swallowing disorder after stroke.The above brain regions are the core brain regions of the sensorimotor network,default mode network and reward loop,suggesting that functional abnormalities within or between brain networks related to dysfunction may be potential target areas for TCM intervention,but the specific changes in neural activity activation or inhibition still need to be refined.

Making Progress through Exploration——Summary and Reflection on the Implementation of the Plan for the Protection and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2015-2020) / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Chinese medicinal materials are the basis for the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese medicine,as well as strategic resources related to the national economy and people's livelihood.In 2015,12 departments,including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,jointly formulated the Plan for the Protection and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2015-2020)(hereinafter referred to as the Plan),focusing on seven major construction tasks for the protection and development of traditional Chinese medicine.Through the summary and evaluation of the Plan,it can be seen that the overall development goals and 7 specific indicators have been achieved by 2020.It has been focused on solving the problems of the loss and depletion of some wild Chinese medicinal materials resources and the shortage of Chinese medicinal materials supply.Promoting to alleviate the problems,including the abuse of chemical fertilizers,pesticides,and growth regulators.The extensive production and management of Chinese medicinal materials,as well as the poor exchange of supply and demand information were effectively improved.On the whole,the development and protection of Chinese medicinal materials were promoted.Moreover,the dependence on wild Chinese medicinal materials was reduced through scientific development of Chinese medicinal materials production.And the sustainable development of the Chinese medicinal materials industry was coordinated with the protection of the ecological environment.However,there were still some problems and deficiencies,such as a lack of accurate information guidance,an incomplete price formation mechanism,and an incomplete whole-process traceability system of Chinese medicinal materials.It is suggested that during the 14th Five-Year Plan period,we should continuously strengthen the protection and sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine resources,and build a new development pattern for traditional Chinese medicine industry based on the new development concept and requirement.

Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma Powder Treats Dyslipidemia via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma powder in treating dyslipidemia by regulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway. MethodSixty patients with dyslipidemia （syndrome of combined phlegm and stasis） treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from May 2021 to June 2022 were selected in this study and randomized into two groups according to the randomized， double-blind control principle. The control group was treated with Xuezhikang capsules + Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma powder placebo and the observation group with Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma powder + Xuezhikang capsules placebo for 6 weeks. The clinical efficacy， traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） syndrome scores， and liver and kidney function indicators were evaluated at weeks 0， 3， and 6. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to determine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， kinase insert domain receptor （KDR）， epidermal growth factor （EGF）， and epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） in the peripheral serum. Quantitative Real-time PCR was employed to measure the mRNA levels of KDR， EGFR， PI3K， and Akt in the mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood. ResultThe observation group （83.33%） showed the total effective rate comparable to that of the control group （89.66%） and no adverse reactions. Compared with before treatment， the patients in the observation group showed decreased TCM syndrome score and serum levels total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） and after being treated for 3 and 6 weeks （P<0.05）， the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） showed an upward trend, but the difference was not statistically significant. After treatment， the two groups showed no significant differences. Compared with that before treatment, the mRNA expression of PI3K, Akt and EGFR in peripheral blood mononuclear cell and the expression of EGF, VEGF and KDR in serum of the observation group showed a downward trend with time, in which the mRNA expression of PI3K, Akt, VEGF and KDR decreased more significantly (P<0.05)，The expression levels of KDR mRNA and serum EGFR show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.Compared with the control group after treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in mRNA expression of PI3K, Akt, EGFR, and KDR, as well as serum levels of EGF, EGFR, VEGF, and KDR between the two groups of patients at the same time point. ConclusionNotoginseng Radix et Rhizoma powder is safe and effective in correcting dyslipidemia. It may inhibit the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by down-regulating the expression of VEGF/KDR to lower the blood lipid level.

Facilitation of behavioral and cortical emergence from isoflurane anesthesia by GABAergic neurons in basal forebrain / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To reveal the role of the basal forebrain(BF)GABAergic neurons in the regulation of isoflurane anesthesia and to elucidate the underlying neural pathways.METHODS The activity of BF GABAer-gic neurons was monitored during isoflurane anesthesia using a genetically encoded calcium indicator in Vgat-Cre mice of both sexes.The activity of BF GABAer-gic neurons was manipulated by chemogenetic and opto-genetic approaches.Sensitivity,induction time and emer-gence time of isoflurane anesthesia were estimated by righting reflex.The electroencephalogram(EEG)power and burst-suppression were monitored by EEG recording.The effects of activation of GABAergic BF-thalamic reticu-lar nucleus(TRN)pathway on isoflurane anesthesia were investigated with optogenetics.RESULTS The activity of BF GABAergic neurons was generally inhibited during isoflurane anesthesia,obviously decreased during the induction of anesthesia and gradually restored during the emergence from anesthesia.Activation of BF GABAergic neurons with chemogenetics and optogenetics promoted behavioral emergence from isoflurane anesthesia,with decreased sensitivity to isoflurane,delayed induction and accelerated emergence from isoflurane anesthesia.Optogenetic activation of BF GABAergic neurons prom-oted cortical activity during isoflurane anesthesia,with decreased EEG delta power and burst suppression ratio during 0.8%and 1.4%isoflurane anesthesia,respectively.Similar to the effects of activating BF GABAergic cell bod-ies,photostimulation of BF GABAergic terminals in the TRN also strongly promoted cortical activation and behav-ioral emergence from isoflurane anesthesia.CONCLU-SION The GABAergic neurons in the BF is a key neural substrate for general anesthesia regulation that facilitates behavioral and cortical emergence from general anesthe-sia via the BF-TRN pathway.

Curative effect and nursing care of patients with MAP complicated with paralytic intestinal obstruction treated by modified retention enema and traditional retention enema / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To analyze the curative effect and nursing care of MAP complicated with paralytic intestinal obstruction by modified retention enema and traditional retention enema.@*Methods@#Select Queshan People′s Hospital from May 2013 to May 2018 treated 250 cases of acute pancreatitis patients with paralytic ileus, according to random number table method to all of the patients were randomly divided into two groups, control group and test group two groups of patients were given conventional treatment nursing of acute pancreatitis, which on the basis of the control group patients give traditional retention enema treatment, while the experimental group patients give improved retention enema surgery treatment; Total enema times, liquid retention time and remission time of PI symptoms after enema were recorded for the two groups, and laboratory indicators such as comfort level, C-reactive protein level and serum creatine phosphokinase were compared between the two groups.t@*Results@#The comfort rate of the experimental group was 84.00% (105/125), and that of the control group was 61.60% (77/125). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=13.034, P<0.05). After treatment, the total enema frequency, drug retention time, and PI symptom relief time were (4.10±1.23) times, (25.39±4.28) min, (2.53±0.81) d, and the control group were (6.29±2.19) times, (8.72±2.11) min, (3.92±1.23) d, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=5.203, 9.349, t=5.293, both P<0.05). The levels of creatine phosphokinase in the experimental group were (87.39±76.20), (103.24±75.38), (70.92±64.22) U/L after 1, 3, and 5 days of hospitalization, and the control group was (106.28±81.29), respectively. 213.29±73.29), (175.28±58.99) U/L, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=19.276, 24.334, 25.394, both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the C-reactive protein level between the experimental group and the control group (P>0.05). The C-reactive protein levels were (11.72±2.36) and (9.52±2.17) after 3 days of hospitalization and 5 days after hospitalization, the control group were (14.02±2.37), (11.08±2.76), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=15.342, 13.029, both P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Compar enema, the modified retention enema can effectively reduce the total enema times of the patients, prolong the retention time of the patients' liquid while maintaining the temperature, and greatly shorten the remission time of the patients'PI symptoms. It is worth popularizing in clinic to improve the patients' comfort, C-reactive protein, serum creatine phosphokinase and other laboratory indexes.

Curative effect and nursing care of patients with MAP complicated with paralytic intestinal obstruction treated by modified retention enema and traditional retention enema / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To analyze the curative effect and nursing care of MAP complicated with paralytic intestinal obstruction by modified retention enema and traditional retention enema. Methods Select Queshan People′s Hospital from May 2013 to May 2018 treated 250 cases of acute pancreatitis patients with paralytic ileus, according to random number table method to all of the patients were randomly divided into two groups, control group and test group two groups of patients were given conventional treatment nursing of acute pancreatitis, which on the basis of the control group patients give traditional retention enema treatment, while the experimental group patients give improved retention enema surgery treatment; Total enema times, liquid retention time and remission time of PI symptoms after enema were recorded for the two groups, and laboratory indicators such as comfort level, C_reactive protein level and serum creatine phosphokinase were compared between the two groups.t Results The comfort rate of the experimental group was 84.00% (105/125), and that of the control group was 61.60% (77/125). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=13.034, P<0.05). After treatment, the total enema frequency, drug retention time, and PI symptom relief time were (4.10±1.23) times, (25.39± 4.28) min, (2.53±0.81) d, and the control group were (6.29±2.19) times, (8.72±2.11) min, (3.92±1.23) d, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=5.203, 9.349, t=5.293, both P<0.05). The levels of creatine phosphokinase in the experimental group were (87.39 ± 76.20), (103.24 ± 75.38), (70.92 ± 64.22) U/L after 1, 3, and 5 days of hospitalization, and the control group was (106.28 ± 81.29), respectively. 213.29±73.29), (175.28±58.99) U/L, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=19.276, 24.334, 25.394, both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the C_reactive protein level between the experimental group and the control group (P>0.05). The C_reactive protein levels were (11.72 ± 2.36) and (9.52 ± 2.17) after 3 days of hospitalization and 5 days after hospitalization, the control group were (14.02±2.37), (11.08±2.76), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=15.342, 13.029, both P<0.05). Conclusion Compar enema, the modified retention enema can effectively reduce the total enema times of the patients, prolong the retention time of the patients' liquid while maintaining the temperature, and greatly shorten the remission time of the patients'PI symptoms. It is worth popularizing in clinic to improve the patients' comfort, C_reactive protein, serum creatine phosphokinase and other laboratory indexes.

Characteristic profiles of biofilm, enterotoxins and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from dairy cows in Xinjiang Province, China

As an important zoonotic pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus has led to serious mastitis and endometritis in infected dairy cows. In this study, a total of 164 strains of S. aureus were isolated from dairy cows in Xinjiang Province, China, and subjected to assays to determine drug susceptibility and biofilm (BF) formation ability. Enterotoxin-related genes were detected, and the transcription levels of genes related to BF formation were determined by using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the pathogenicity of isolates with different BF formation abilities was determined by measuring their hemolysis activity, half lethal dose (LD₅₀) and organ bacterial load. The results showed that 86.0% of S. aureus isolates could form BF. Among them, 42.1% of the strains had weak BF formation ability, and most strains with a strong BF formation ability were ica gene carriers. The S. aureus isolates displayed multidrug resistance and their drug resistance was positively correlated with their BF formation ability. Moreover, 96.3% of the S. aureus isolates carried enterotoxin genes. Among them, the detection rates of the novel enterotoxin genes were higher than those of conventional enterotoxin genes. Furthermore, isolates with a strong BF formation ability had higher LD50 but lower hemolysis ability and organ bacterial load than those of the isolates with weak or no BF ability. However, isolates without BF ability produced more severe pathological changes than those of isolates with strong BF formation ability. These findings suggest that higher BF ability and presence of novel enterotoxin genes are important characteristics of S. aureus isolates from dairy cows in Xinjiang Province, China, and such isolates may pose potential threats to food safety.

Needs of Community Nursing-based Continuing Home Care in Old Patients with Chronic Diseases:A Qualitative Study / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate the needs of nursing-based continuing home care in old patients with chronic diseases in communi-ty. Methods From June to August, 2016, 14 old patients with chronic diseases were purposively sampled, and interviewed with semi-struc-ture. The data were collected and refined with phenomenological analysis. Results The patients were very positive in nursing-based continu-ing home care. The main requirements included the knowledge about chronic diseases, psychological comforts, rehabilitation nursing, daily security help and medical insurance support. Conclusion It is necessary to support the continuing home care for old patients with chronic diseases, and strengthen the profesional nursing team building in community.

Insight into stem cells, microenvironment and methods for promoting blood circulation and removing stasis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:There is a certain association between stem cels, microenvironment and methods for promoting blood circulation and removing stasis. OBJECTIVE:To propose a perspective of“kidney properties”of promoting blood circulation and removing stasis by elaborating the correlation and interactions of stem cels and microenvironment with methods for promoting blood circulation and removing stasis. METHODS:A computer-based search of Chinese Journal Ful-text Database, Wanfang and PubMed was performed for articles published form 2009 to 2015 addressing improving stem cel proliferation and differentiation by promoting blood circulation and removing stasis as wel as microenvironments. The keywords were “bone mesenchymal stem cels, transformation, differentiation, blood-activation and stasis-resolved method, microenvironment” in Chinese and English, respectively. Finaly, 32 literatures were reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Stem cels homing to the damaged tissue trigger an“environment-dependent differentiation”,that is, stem cels candifferentiate into myocardial cels, vascular endothelial cels and other injured tissues and cels under local special microenvironments. Microenvironment as an assembly for integrating dynamic, microscopic changes as wel as development of a variety of indices is of great importance for stem cel survival, proliferation and differentiation. Recipes for promoting blood circulation and removing stasis are involvedto regulate multi-steps and multi-targets during stem cel homing. Theoreticaly, this review attempts to investigate correlation among stem cels, microenvironment and methods for promoting blood circulation and removing stasis in association with previous preclinical and clinical findings. Here, we further refine the view of “kidney properties” of promoting blood circulation and removing stasis and clarify that stem cels as the material basis of “kidney properties”of promoting blood circulation and removing stasis is the main executor for promoting blood circulation and removing stasis. This paper is of a certain value for fuly revealing the scientific connotation of the theory of promoting blood circulation and removing stasis.

Interventional effects of different Chinese medicine therapies on proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells homing to the border zone of myocardial infarction / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:New ideas for regenerative treatment of cardiovascular disease are as fol ows:to understand the changes in al kinds of stem cel s differentiating into cardiomyocytes, to determine the physiological role of differentiated stem cel s in cardiac functional activities, to stimulate the proliferative potential of various stem cel s under certain conditions that can directly differentiate into functional cardiomyocytes, thereby replenishing deficient cardiomyocytes and effectively inhibiting excessive proliferation of fibroblasts. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of panax notoginseng saponins, salidroside and astragalus effective components on the homing, proliferation and differentiation of endogenous CD105-positive bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s of myocardial infarction rats. METHODS:Acute myocardial infarction rats were randomly divided into activating blood circulation group, tonifying qi group, activating blood circulation+tonifying qi group (combined group), model group. Normal rats served as control group. The former three groups were oral y given 80 g/L Xuesaitong soft capsules (panax notoginseng saponins as the main component), 0.5 g/mL astragalus particles and 70 g/L Nuodikang capsules (salidroside as the main component), respectively, at a dose of 1 mL/100 g, once a day, total y for 28 days. The control and model groups were given the same volume of normal saline. Expressions of CD105, CD117, vimentin, cardiac troponin T (cTnT), zinc finger transcription factor 4 (GATA-4) and Ki-67 were detected using immunohistochemical method at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days of drug administration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Compared with the control group, the expressions of CD105, CD117, cTnT, GATA-4 and Ki-67 were higher in the model group, which were increased at 1-7 days, peaked at 7 days, and then decreased. Compared with the model group, the expressions of CD105, CD117, cTnT, GATA-4 and Ki-67 were significantly higher in the activating blood circulation group, tonifying qi group and combined group, especial y in the activating blood circulating group, at different time of drug administration (P<0.05). In each group, the staining results of Ki-67 were not exactly paral el to those of CD105, CD117, cTnT and GATA-4, but their rising tendency was substantial y the same. (2) Compared with the control group, the vimentin expression in the model group was higher, which showed an increasing tend at 1-3 days, peaked at 3 days and then declined. Compared with the model group, the vimentin expression was significantly lower in the activating blood circulation group, tonifying qi group and combined group, especial y in the activating blood circulating group, at different time of drug administration (P<0.05). It suggested that the activating blood circulation group had a remarkable antifibrotic role. These findings indicate that panax notoginseng saponins, salidroside and astragalus effective components al can promote the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s to delay myocardial remodeling, but the recipe for promoting blood circulation has the most obvious outcomes.

Therapeutic effects of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α gene on liver fibrosis in mice / 中华消化杂志

Objective To investigate the difference of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBP-α) gene induced apoptosis between hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in mice with liver fibrosis.Methods Sixty BALB/c mice were evenly divided into normal group,model group,treatment group,blank control group and negative control group,12 mice in each group.Except the mice of normal control group,the mice of other groups were treated with intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 to establish liver fibrosis mice model.Mice of treatment group,blank control group and negative control group were administrated with C/EBP-α carried adenovirus (Ad-C/EBP-α),phosphate buffered solution and empty vector of adenovirus (Ad-EGFP) respectively through tail vein for the first week.The expression of C/EBP-α and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was detected by immunohistochemistry method.Sinusoidal endothelial structure of peri-portal regions and far from portal regions was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM).Terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was applied to detect apoptosis of cells in liver tissue.The degree of liver fibrosis in mice was determined with sirius red staining and hydroxyproline content measurement.Single factor variance analysis was performed for comparison among multiple groups,and t test was used for comparison between two groups.Results C/EBP-α was expressed in nucleus of hepatocyte in normal control group mice.The expression decreased in model group,blank control group and negative control group.However,the expression of C/EBP-α of treatment group increased,and mainly expressed in cells located in perisinusoidal and perivascular.Hepatic sinusoids was distorted,blood vessel wall thickened.Hepatocyte degeneration and lots of lipid droplets was found in model group,blank control group and negative control group.The thicken degree of endothelial layer of blood vessel of treatment group was lower than that of model group.The percentage of sirius red positive cells of normal group,model group,treatment group,blank control group and negative control group was (0.10±0.03)％,(5.81±0.32)％,(2.32±0.45)％,(6.34± 0.81)％ and (6.10± 0.92)％,respectively; content of hydroxyproline was (0.07±0.00) μg/mg,(0.69 ± 0.10) μg/mg,(0.19±0.06) μg/mg,(0.56±0.03) μg/mg and (0.64±0.08) μg/mg,respectively; the percentage of α-SMA positive cells was (0.50 ±0.03)％,(5.30 ± 0.52)％,(2.15 ± 0.29)％,(5.53 ± 0.43) ％ and (5.42 ± 0.25) ％,respectively; the number of TUNEL positive cells was (0.25 ± 0.08),(0.15±0.02),(7.10±1.53),(0.13±0.03) and (0.18±0.07),respectively.The differences between the groups were statistically significant (F=113.74,148.29,292.43 and 140.25,all P＜0.05).The difference between normal group and model group,between model group and treatment group,between treatment group and blank control group,between treatment group and negative control group were statistically significant (tarirus positive cell =-52.54,-16.20,-10.60 and-7.99,thydroxyproline content =-168.00,11.53,11.07 and 12.54,ta SMA pusitive cells-24.77,-13.82,15.94 and 18.37,tTUNEL positive cells =3.26,-11.91,-11.95 and-11.88,all P＜ 0.05),there was no statistically significant difference between model group and blank control group,between model group and negative control group (both P＞0.05).TUNEL positive cells mainly located in perisinusoidal and perivascular of liver in mice,which was consistent with the distribution of α-SMA-positive cells.Conclusion C/EBP-α could effectively relieve CCl4 induced liver fibrosis in mice mainly through inducing HSC apoptosis,however no apoptosis effect on hepatocytes.

Clinical effects of tolterodine with pelvic floor electrical stimulation in the treatnent of female OAB patients / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate whether tolterodine combined with pelvic floor electrical stimulation is more effective than tolterodine alone in the treatment of wonen with overactive bladder(OAB) and the underlying mechanism.Methods Seventy-three female patients with OAB were recruited from our hospital during Oct.2009 to Dec.2010 and prospectively studied,of whom 39 cases were given tolterodine(2 mg each time,twice daily for4 weeks)alone while the other 34 cases were given tolterodine combined with pelvic floor electrical stimulation for the treatment of OAB.Data on urgency,incontinence,micturition frequency,nocturia episodes and voided volume were collected before and after 4 weeks' treatment using a week micturition diary.Results The differences of changes of OAB symptoms between the 2 groups had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).Patients in the tolterodine combined with pelvic floor electrical stimulation group reported treatment benefit than the tolterodine group in the micturitions and the volume voided per micturition(P ＜ 0.05).There were no difference in the number of urgency episodes per 24 hours,incontinence episodes and nocturnal episodes (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion A combination of toterodine with pelvic floor electrical stimulation could significantly improve the OAB symptoms,and is a potential therapy for female patients with OAB.

Clinical Features of Cerebral Infarction with or without Diabetes Mellitus / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the clinical features of cerebral infarction complicated with diabetes mellitus (DCI) compared withthose without diabetes mellitus (NCI). Methods 80 DCI and 86 NCI hospitalized patients were reviewed with their serumal glucose, lipid,uric acid, hemorheology and carotid ultrasound. Results The total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and uric acid were significantly higherin DCI group than in NCI group (P<0.05), while high density lipoprotein was significantly lower (P<0.05). There were significant differencesbetween these two groups in Hemorheological indicators except hematokrit (P<0.01). The carotid intima media thickness (IMT) wassignificantly higher in the DCI group than in the NCI group (P<0.05). Conclusion DCI patients suffered in more serious lipid, uric acid,hemorheological disorder, and IMT compared with NCI.

A study on creating a promotion index system of medical quality in Grade Ⅲ hospitals in Beijing / 中华医院管理杂志

To explore how to create and optimize a promotion index system of medical quality evaluation, this article focuses on the hospital visiting process from patients, using analyzing collected those index system from couples of Grade Ⅲ hospitals in Beijing, and combining the results of literal study, field study and specialist consult, according to the different situation of general hospitals and specially hospitals, with the spirit of "maintaining the patients benefits, safeguarding the patients safety,and enhancing the medical quality", introduces the framework of the promotion index system, the rules to select the indicator, and so on, and discusses several problerns related to creating the index system.

An updated review of the research on Her-2-targeted antibody resistance mechanisms / 中国癌症杂志

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(Her-2),which is often over-expressed in 20%-25% of invasive breast cancer patients,is associated with an aggressive tumor phenotype and therefore,a reduced survival rate.As a widely clinically applied Her-2-targeted monoclonal antibody,herceptin,when combined with chemotherapy,significantly increases the survival time of patients without tumors.However,the majority of the cancers that initially respond positively to herceptin begin to counteract against the treatment within just 1 year.This study described several important and well-known mechanisms as well as the updates and advancement in this field.These mechanisms include over-activation of the P13K/AKT pathway,abnormal expression in the EGFR family and their ligands,the masking of the Her-2 receptor,herceptin,activation of PI3K/AKT via an alternative pathway,over-expression of Darpp-32 and t-Darpp.autophagy of tumor cells and over-expression of HSP27,and more.

Study on Panax notoginseng mobilizing marrow stem cells efferens efficiency of acute myocardial infarction in rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the mobilization efficiency effect on bone marrow stem cells by Panax notoginseng on acute myocardial infarction in experimental rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>One hundred and thirty wistar clean rats with average age 16 weeks weighing (200 +/- 10) g, half female, ligated anterior descending coronary artery proximal,were established animal model of acute myocardial infarction. They were randomly divided into: model group, Chinese medicine mobilization group, western medicine mobilization group, integrated Chinese and western medicine mobilization group and sham group. Except sham group rats, other groups after the survival of 24 h by 1, 7, 14 d, and other points in time were divided into three subgroups. They were injected drugs immediately 24 h after the surgery. Injected G-CSF 50 ug x kg(-1) x d(-1) in western medicine group subcutaneously, NS 50 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) in sham group and model group. In Chinese medicine mobilization group intraperitoneally injected notoginsenoside (150 mg x kg(-1)). Chinese and western medicines mobilization group were subcutaneously injected G-CSF 5 microg x kg(-1) x d(-1) and intraperitoneally injected notoginsenoside (150 mg x kg(-1)), with G-CSF once a day, 7 days totally and G-CSF once a day until each sub-group of animals were killed. Severn rats were remained for experiments in every subgroup. Flow cytometry were used to detect the percentage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and white blood, C-kit receptor expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>WBC, MNC% of model group 1, 7, 14 d were significantly larger than those of sham group 1, 7, 14 d (P < 0.05), which indicates that MI animals can mobilize themselves. WBC and MNC% of Chinese medicine group and western medicine group were lower than those of Chinese and western medicine group in 1, 7, 14 d (P < 0.05). C-kit receptor expression in PBMC of Chinese and western medicine group and western medicine group were higher than those of model group. Western medicine is better than Chinese medicine in mobilization.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>: Panax notoginseng may cooperation G-CSF with mobilizing stem cell, raise the efferens efficiency of bone marrow stem cells, increase the number of peripheral blood stem cells.</p>

Urodynamics and ultrastructure of detrusor in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the relationship between urodynamics and ultrastructure of bladder detrusor in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH). Methods The ultrastructure of detrusor was studied by transmission electron microscopy in 43 cases of BPH(mean age 69.5±6.0 years)and 21 cases(mean age 65.4±7.2 years)of geriatric without bladder outlet obstruction(the controls).All the cases were performed urodynamic test. Results The IPSS(21.1±3.0 VS 7.6±1.4),maximum flow rate(7.7±1.3 ml/s VS 14.9±2.3 ml/s)and AG(44.8±9.9 VS 19.0±5.9)showed significant differences between the the BPH group and control group(P<0.01).Pdet-Qmax in the BPH group(60.1±11.0 cm H20)was higher than that in the control group(48.7±7.1 cm H2o) (P<0.05).The relative density of mitochondria in the BPH group(0.81±0.24)was lower than that in the control group(1.03±0.11)(P<0.05).The intercellular linkage in the BPH group(19.4±4.8 rim)was larger than the control group(14.1±2.0 nm)(P<0.05). Conclusions The swelling and reduction of the relative density of mitochondria could be seen in the bladder detrusor of BPH patients.The large intercellular linkage might be the reason of decrease the coordinate contractility of the blad-der detrusor.

Effect of Shugan Jiannao Tiaoyu Tablets on expression of hippocamp C-FOS and C-JUN protein in post-stroke depression rat / 中华中医药杂志

Objective:To study the anti-depression mechanism of Shugan Jiannao Tiaoyu Tablets(SJTT) and provide evidene for clinical application. Methods: Depressive rat model were established by unpredictable stress with raising alone. Model rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, each 12, then each group was administrated through intragastric perfusion daily with the rate of 1.0ml/100g according to their weight before stimulation: fluoxetine group with 0.75 mg/kg, low-dose group of SJTT with 1.8g/kg, high-dose group of SJTT with 3.6g/kg, normal group and model group with 1.0ml/100g of isotonic Na chloride. The whole course lasted for 21 days from the first day of model making to the day of death. The pathologic character of hippocampus was observed by light microscopic examination. The change of cell ultramicrostructure was observed by transmission electron microscope. The expression of C-FOS and C-JUN were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: SJTT could reduce the neuron damage of hippocam. Compared with model group, the gray scale of immunoreaction positve cells of C-FOS and C-JUN increased in high dose group of SJTT. Conclusion:SJTT can decrease the neuron damage induced by stress in hippacam and had anti-depression effect.

Effects of Panax pseudo-ginseng saponins on protein expression of VEGF, bFGF in myocardium in myocardial infarction rats / 中华中医药杂志

Objective:To observe effects of Panax pseudo-ginseng saponins on protein expression of VEGF, bFGF in myocardium in acute myocardial infarction rats. Methods: The acute myocardial infraction (AMI) model was established in one hundred and forty Wistar rats, and the rats were randomly divided into five groups: the western medicine group mobilized by subcutaneous injection of G-CSF50?g.kg-1.d-1, sham-operated group and model group treated by subcutaneous injection of normal saline 50?g.kg-1.d-1, the Chinese medicine group mobilized by intraperitoneal injection of Xuesaitong (ingredients of Panax pseudo-ginseng saponins) 150mg.kg-1.d-1, the integrative group mobilized by subcutaneous injection of G-CSF 50?g.kg-1.d and intraperitoneal injection of Xuesaitong 150mg.kg-1.d-1. Except for the sham-operated group, each group was divided into three sub-groups by three time points of 1d, 7d and 14d. G-CSF was used once a day for 7 days. Xuesaitong was injected once a day until the rats were killed. The parameters cardiac function in rats with myocardial infarction were detection by color doppler ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus in different times,the expression of VEGF, bFGF in Marginal zone of myocardium in rats with myocardial infarction were detected by immunohistochemistry in different time. Pathological and ultrastructural changes of marginal zone in rats with acute myocardial infarction were observed by electron microscopy and light microscopy. Results:Panax pseudo-ginseng saponins can improve the level of left ventricular systolic function such as EF,FS,it can inhibit the increase of left ventricular LVDD and LVDS,it can improve expression levels of VEGF,bFGF of marginal zone in acute myocardial infarction rats. It also can reduce the damage to cell ultrastructure and promote revascularization in the site around MI area. Panax pseudo-ginseng saponins can protect the myocytes in rats with myocardial infarction. Conclusion:Panax pseudo-ginseng saponins can protect myocardium from ischemic injury in rats after AMI by way of improving expressions of VEGF and bFGF in myocardial cells and promoting angiogenesis in the infarcted of myocardium.