Research advances in clinical scales for essential tremor / 中华老年医学杂志

Essential tremor(ET)is one of the most common movement disorders, with a prevalence of 4.6% in people over 65 years old.Action tremor of both upper limbs at 4-12 Hz action tremor in both upper limbs is the main clinical feature of ET patients.ET was previously considered to be a benign isolated symptomatic disease, but in recent years, researches have found that ET is a family of diseases with high clinical and genetic heterogeneities.In addition to tremor, it can also be accompanied by soft neurological signs and various non-motor symptoms, leading to different degrees of function impairment in patients.Early comprehensive evaluation and long-term follow-up of patients with ET are essential.The standardized scale is the most important tool for ET assessment.This article reviews various tremor assessment scales.

Research advances in the treatment of essential tremor / 中华神经科杂志

Essential tremor (ET) is a common movement disorder. It is characterized by a distinctive 4-12 Hz action tremor typically affecting bilateral upper limbs. Existing drugs for ET mainly include β-blockers, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, etc. However, the efficacy of existing drugs is limited. With the development of the medical research, some progress has been made in the treatment of ET. The review will explore the recent advances in the treatment of ET,such as new drugs, surgical treatment, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, rehabilitation treatment, etc., in order to provide clinical application prospects.

Clinical and imaging features of idiopathic intracranial hypertension / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a syndrome that excludes secondary causes such as intracranial space-occupying lesion, hydrocephalus, cerebrovascular disease, and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. If not be treated promptly and effectively, IIH can cause severe, permanent vision disability and intractable, disabling headache. This study aims to explore the clinical and image features for IIH, to help clinicians to understand this disease, increase the diagnose rate, and improve the outcomes of patients.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed 15 cases of IIH that were admitted to Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, during January 2015 to September 2020. The diagnosis of IIH was based on the updated modified Dandy criteria. We analyzed clinical data of patients and did statistical analysis, including age, gender, height, weight, medical history, physical examination, auxiliary examination, treatment and outcome.@*RESULTS@#There were 10 females and 5 males. Female patients were 22 to 42 years old with median age of 39.5. Male patients were 27 to 52 years old with the median age of 44.0. The BMI was 24.14-34.17 (28.71±2.97) kg/m@*CONCLUSIONS@#IIH primarily affects women of childbearing age who are overweight. The major hazard of IIH is the severe and permanent visual loss. Typical image signs have high specificity in IIH diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis and effective treatment are significantly important to improve the outcomes of patients.

Reliability and validity of Chinese version of State Behavioral Scale for mechanically ventilated children / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of State Behavioral Scale for Mechanically Ventilated Children (SBS). Methods The English version of SBS was revised and translated into Chinese version. The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of SBS was tested in 172 mechanically ventilated children. Results The Cronbach α coefficient of the Chinese SBS was 0.986. The item-level content validity index of Chinese SBS were 0.83-0.10, and the scale- level content validity index of Chinese SBS was 0.932. The correlation coefficient between the score of Chinese SBS and the Comfort Scale (CS) was 0.919 (P<0.01). Conclusions The Chinese version of SBS has been proved to be reliable and valid.It can be used to sedation assessment for mechanically ventilated children.

Preparation and in vitro Transdermal Studies of Dexketoprofen Trometamol Hydrogel Patches / 中国药师

Objective: To prepare dexketoprofen trometamol hydrogel patches, optimize the formula and evaluate in vitro transdermal properties.Methods: Dexketoprofen trometamol hydrogel patches were prepared with NP-800 as the hydrogel patch carrier, aluminum hydrochloride as the crosslinking agent, EDTA as the crosslinking modifier and glycerol as the moisturizing agent.The formula was screened by orthogonal design with the initial viscosity, holding force, peel strength and 12 h cumulative transdermal quantity as the evaluation indices to screen out the best formula.The transdermal absorption test was carried out with an improved Franz diffusion cells to compare the enhancement of Aznoe, oleic acid and menthanol on dexketoprofen trometamol hydrogel patches.Results: The best formula was as follows: the mass percentage of NP-800, glycerol, glycerol and EDTA was 5%, 0.3% , 25% and 0.15% , respectively.The transdermal enhancers had transdermal enhancement on dexketoprofen trometamol, and among them, 3% Azone had the most significant enhancement with the enhancing rate of 3.26.Conclusion: The preparation and formula of dextroxyprofen trometamol hydrogel patches are stable, reasonable and feasible.

Empirical analysis for the "Countywide Medical Community" and capitation prepayment / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To analyze the performance of the combination of "Countywide Medical Community" combine with "Capitation Prepayment". Methods We collected the new rural cooperative medical system ( NRCMS ) data of Funan county ( with "Countywide Medical Community" introduced in 2015, along with Capitation Payment) and Yingshang county (without"Countywide Medical Community"), both in Anhui province, from 2014 -2016. With such data, a longitudinal comparison was made on the performance of Funan "Countywide Medical Community" before and after, and a horizontal comparison on Funan county and Yingshang county regarding the merits and weakness of the Community. Results 2014-2016 witnessed a year-by-year decline of the outside-county proportion of the expenditure, man-time of inpatients, hospitalization expenses and hospitalization reimbursement by NRCMS in Funan county, and an increase of such proportion within the county. Furthermore, these proportions of Funan county were better than those of Yingshang county, proving "Countywide Medical Community" a success. Conclusions The performance of the combination of "Countywide Medical Community" and "Capitation Payment" proved a success.

Empirical analysis for the "Countywide Medical Community" and capitation prepayment / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To analyze the performance of the combination of "Countywide Medical Community" combine with "Capitation Prepayment". Methods We collected the new rural cooperative medical system ( NRCMS ) data of Funan county ( with "Countywide Medical Community" introduced in 2015, along with Capitation Payment) and Yingshang county (without"Countywide Medical Community"), both in Anhui province, from 2014 -2016. With such data, a longitudinal comparison was made on the performance of Funan "Countywide Medical Community" before and after, and a horizontal comparison on Funan county and Yingshang county regarding the merits and weakness of the Community. Results 2014-2016 witnessed a year-by-year decline of the outside-county proportion of the expenditure, man-time of inpatients, hospitalization expenses and hospitalization reimbursement by NRCMS in Funan county, and an increase of such proportion within the county. Furthermore, these proportions of Funan county were better than those of Yingshang county, proving "Countywide Medical Community" a success. Conclusions The performance of the combination of "Countywide Medical Community" and "Capitation Payment" proved a success.

Effect of hand hygiene on cost-effectiveness of healthcare-associated infection / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To understand hand hygiene(HH) compliance among health care workers(HCWs) and incidence of healthcare-associated infection(HAI) in surgical patients before and after the intervention, analyze the effect of HH on cost-effectiveness of HAI.Methods From December 2012-June 2014, 78 HCWs in the department of neurosurgery of a hospital were as the intervention objects of HH compliance, 325 patients who underwent craniocerebral clean operation were as the surveyed objects, HH compliance among HCWs, incidence of HAI in surgical patients, cost of HH, and hospitalization expense before and after intervention were compared respectively.Results HH compliance among HCWs before and after intervention were 35.24% (216/613) and 73.75%(486/659)respectively (X2=180.091,P<0.001);incidence of HAI in surgical patients before and after intervention were 31.85%(50/157)and 18.45%(31/168)respectively(X2=7.782,P<0.001).Hospitalization expense before and after intervention were (89 524.90±38 856.70)￥ and (61 401.00±29 237.80)￥ respectively;average length of hospital stay before and after intervention were 36.70 days and 26.90 days respectively(t=3.296, 3.511,respectively, both P<0.01).Conclusion Improving HH compliance among HCWs can reduce the incidence of HAI and hospitalization cost, and shorten the average length of hospital stay of patients.

Analysis of the status of professional identity and its influencing factors for nursing master specialist / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the status of professional identity and its influencing factors for nursing master specialist, and explore scientific strategies to plan the career for them. Methods From October 2014 to February 2015, totally 110 nursing master specialist in 12 universities from Shanghai, Beijing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanxi provinces were tested by the Professional Identity Scale of Nursing Students. Results The average score of nursing master specialist′s professional identity was (3.46±0.53) points, and the highest score was social modeling scored 4.01±0.91and social comparison and self-reflection scored 3.68 ± 0.59, the lowest score was independence of career choice scored 3.08 ± 0.61. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that interest in the nursing profession, first record of formal schooling and grade were the influencing factors of nursing master specialist′s professional identity, three factors could explain 43.1%. Conclusions Nursing master specialist′s professional identity needs to be further improved, nursing educators and managers should take effective measures, improve nursing professional identity of master of nursing specialist students from the individual level and organizational level, promote the development of professional career.

Investigation and Analysis of Patient’ s Nursing Demand in Perioperation of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To investigate the perioperative nursing demands of elderly patients receiving laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( LC) . Methods A total of 195 elderly patients receiving LC were interviewed .The nursing care demands at admission, preoperation, postoperation, and discharge were collected respectively . Results On the day of admission, all the 195 patients (100%) wished to be aware of their surgeons , 191 patients ( 97.9%) wished to understand causes of disease and its prevention, 189 patients (96.9%) were willing to know the operation costs , and 124 patients (63.6%) wanted to know the influences of basic diseases on operation.During preoperative periods, 194 patients (98.5%) expected to understand the safety and time of operation, 187 patients (95.9%) were interested in the preparedness before operation , and 135 patients (69.2%) wanted to know about the strategy for treating operation stress .During postoperative periods , 195 patients ( 100%) wanted to know the operation process and outcomes , 185 patients ( 94.9%) wanted necessary cares from nurses , 172 patients ( 88.2%) wanted to know the management for postoperative pain , 148 patients ( 75.9%) expected to understand the drug prescription after operation , and 146 patients (74.9%) were interested in diets and physical activities .At the time of discharge, 195 patients (100%) wanted to be aware of reexamination time and follow-up context, 193 patients (99.0%) wanted to know dietary recommendation , and 177 patients (90.8%) were willing to know the exercise options and time . Conclusion Nurses should be aware of the perioperative care demands in elderly patients receiving LC and provide specific care services to reduce complications and improve rehabilitation .