Analysis of a Commercial Marijuana e-Cigarette Formulation.

Personal battery-powered vaporizers or electronic cigarettes were developed to deliver a nicotine vapor such that smokers could simulate smoking tobacco without the inherent pathology of inhaled tobacco smoke. With four states within the USA having legalized the cultivation, distribution and recreational use of marijuana and an additional 23 states plus the District of Columbia with laws that legalize marijuana in some form, it was inevitable that suppliers of legal marijuana would develop marijuana products for use in these electronic cigarettes. Presented is the analysis of one such marijuana electronic cigarette formulation sold under the brand name Liberty Reach. The cannabinoid concentrations in Liberty Reach as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrapole mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS) were Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, 42.6% (w/v) and cannabidiol 0.5% (w/v). These concentrations were significantly lower than the labeled 69% Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and 1% cannabidiol. Furthermore, 4 cannabinoids, 13 marijuana terpenes, and propylene glycol were identified by a combination of Direct Analysis in Real Time-AccuTOF™ mass spectrometry (DART-MS), HPLC-MS-MS and gas chromatography-MS.

Presence of sex pheromone in preputial glands of male rats.

Female rats consistently preferred the odour of male rat preputial gland compared with that of foot pads, submaxillary-sublingual glands, coagulating glands, liver, fat or muscle. Both saline homogenates and ether extracts were effective. Female rats did not respond to the odour of female preputial extract and they preferred the odour of normal male preputial extract to that from castrated rats. The pheromone was not associated with the fatty acids of the preputial extract. The fractionation of the volatile components of preputial extracts by gas chromatography revealed that most of the biological activity resided in a specific fraction.

Women's perception of provider, social, and program support in an outpatient drug treatment program.

The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of pregnant and parenting substance-abusing women in an outpatient drug treatment program regarding provider and social support. Also identified were aspects of the rehabilitation program perceived by the women as assisting them to maintain abstinence from substance use. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire and a tool designed by the authors based on the Social Stress Model of Substance Abuse (Lindenberg et al., 1993) and the literature of social support. The majority of the women were satisfied with their social support from family and friends. Sixty-seven percent of the women felt the support received from medical providers were not adequate. Also, the majority of the women received no information on risks of drug use and pregnancy from their medical providers. The women felt the program helped maintain abstinence by providing education, coping mechanisms, resources, 12-step programs, and spiritual guidance.