RESUMO
The mechanisms underlying the survival of bacteria in low temperature and high radiation are not yet fully understood. Nakamurella sp. PAMC28650 was isolated from a glacier of Rwenzori Mountain, Uganda, which species belonged to Nakamurella genus based on 16S rRNA phylogeny, ANI (average nucleotide identity), and BLAST Ring Image Generator (BRIG) analysis among Frankineae suborder. We conducted the whole genome sequencing and comparative genomics of Nakamurella sp. PAMC28650, to understand the genomic features pertaining to survival in cold environment, along with high UV (ultraviolet) radiation. This study highlights the role of polysaccharide in cold adaptation, mining of the UV protection-related secondary metabolites and other related to cold adaptation mechanism through different bioinformatics tools, and providing a brief overview of the genes present in DNA repair systems. Nakamurella sp. PAMC28650 contained glycogen and cellulose metabolism pathways, mycosporine-like amino acids and isorenieratene-synthesizing gene cluster, and a number of DNA repair systems. Also, the genome analysis showed osmoregulation-related genes and cold shock proteins. We infer these genomic features are linked to bacterial survival in cold and UV radiation.
Assuntos
Actinomycetales , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Actinomycetales/genética , Genômica , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma , Reparo do DNA , Filogenia , Genoma Bacteriano , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Study of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) can reveal information about the lifestyle and behavior of an organism. Rhodococcus species is well known for xenobiotic metabolism; however, their carbohydrate utilization ability has been less discussed till date. This study aimed to present the CAZyme analysis of two Rhodococcus strains, PAMC28705 and PAMC28707, isolated from lichens in Antarctica, and compare them with other Rhodococcus, Mycobacterium, and Corynebacterium strains. Genome-wide computational analysis was performed using various tools. Results showed similarities in CAZymes across all the studied genera. All three genera showed potential for significant polysaccharide utilization, including starch, cellulose, and pectin referring their biotechnological potential. Keeping in mind the pathogenic strains listed across all three genera, CAZymes associated to pathogenicity were analyzed too. Cutinase enzyme, which has been associated with phytopathogenicity, was abundant in all the studied organisms. CAZyme gene cluster of Rhodococcus sp. PAMC28705 and Rhodococcus sp. PAMC28707 showed the insertion of cutinase in the cluster, further supporting their possible phytopathogenic properties.
Assuntos
Celulose/metabolismo , Genoma Bacteriano/genética , Polissacarídeos/metabolismo , Rhodococcus/genética , Rhodococcus/metabolismo , Regiões Antárticas , Hidrolases de Éster Carboxílico/genética , Hidrolases de Éster Carboxílico/metabolismo , Líquens/microbiologia , Pectinas/metabolismo , Rhodococcus/isolamento & purificação , Sequenciamento Completo do GenomaRESUMO
Shigella sp. PAMC 28760 (isolated from Himantormia sp. lichen in Antarctica) is a gram-negative, non-sporulating bacterium that has cellulolytic and amylolytic characteristics as well as glycogen metabolic pathways. In this study, we isolated S. sp. PAMC 28760 from Antarctic lichen, and present the complete genome sequence with annotations describing its unique features. The genome sequence has 58.85% GC content, 4,278 coding DNA sequences, 85 tRNAs, and 22 rRNA operons. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses revealed strain PAMC 28760 as a potentially new species of genus Shigella, showing various differences from pathogenic bacteria reported previously. dbCAN2 analyses revealed 91 genes related to carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes. S. sp. PAMC 28760 likely degrades polysaccharide starch to obtain glucose for energy conservation. This study provides a foundation for understanding Shigella survival adaptation mechanisms under extremely cold Antarctic conditions.
Assuntos
Glicogênio/metabolismo , Shigella/enzimologia , Shigella/genética , Shigella/isolamento & purificação , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma , Adaptação Fisiológica , Regiões Antárticas , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , Temperatura Baixa , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Genes Bacterianos/genética , Genoma Bacteriano , Líquens/microbiologia , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Shigella/classificaçãoRESUMO
To achieve an effective surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor with periodically distributed "hot spots" on wafer-scale substrates, we propose a hybrid approach combining physical nano-imprint lithography and a chemical deposition method to form a silver microbead array. Nano-imprint lithography (NIL) can lead to mass-production and high throughput, but is not appropriate for generating strong "hot-spots." However, when we apply electrochemical deposition to an NIL substrate and the reaction time was increased to 45 s, periodical "hot-spots" between the microbeads were generated on the substrates. It contributed to increasing the enhancement factor (EF) and lowering the detection limit of the substrates to 4.40 × 106 and 1.0 × 10-11 M, respectively. In addition, this synthetic method exhibited good substrate-to-substrate reproducibility (RSD < 9.4%). Our research suggests a new opportunity for expanding the SERS application.
RESUMO
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to quantify the relative contributions of increased insulin secretion rate (ISR) and decreased insulin clearance rate (ICR) in the compensatory hyperinsulinaemia characteristic of insulin-resistant individuals without diabetes. METHODS: Obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) individuals without diabetes (n = 91) were identified from a registry of volunteers. Volunteers underwent the following measurements: oral glucose tolerance; insulin resistance (steady-state plasma glucose [SSPG] concentration during the insulin suppression test [IST]); ISR (using the graded glucose infusion test [GGIT]); and ICR (using the IST and GGIT). Participants were stratified into tertiles based on SSPG concentration: SSPG-1(insulin-sensitive); SSPG-2 (intermediate); and SSPG-3 (insulin-resistant). RESULTS: There were no differences in BMI and waist circumference among the SSPG tertiles. Serum alanine aminotransferase concentrations were higher in the SSPG-2 and SSPG-3 groups compared with the SSPG-1 group (p = 0.02). Following an oral glucose challenge, there was a progressive increase in the total integrated insulin response from the most insulin-sensitive to the most insulin-resistant tertiles (p < 0.001). Following intravenous glucose, the SSPG-3 group had significantly greater integrated glucose (median [interquartile range], 32.9 [30.8-36.3] mmol/l × h) and insulin responses (1711 [1476-2223] mmol/l × h) compared with the SSPG-1 group (30.3 [28.8-32.9] mmol/l × h, p = 0.04, and 851 [600-1057] pmol/l × h, p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, only the SSPG-3 group had significant changes in both ISR and ICR (p < 0.001). In the SSPG-2 group, only the ICR was significantly decreased compared with the SSPG-1 group. Therefore, ICR progressively declined during the IST with increasing insulin resistance (SSPG-1, 0.48 [0.41-0.59]; SSPG-2, 0.43 [0.39-0.50]; SSPG-3, 0.34 [0.31-0.40]). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: While both increases in ISR and decreases in ICR compensate for insulin resistance, decreases in ICR may provide the first adaptation to decreased insulin sensitivity.
Assuntos
Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Insulina/metabolismo , Obesidade/metabolismo , Glicemia/metabolismo , Índice de Massa Corporal , Feminino , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Humanos , Secreção de Insulina , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Whereas a few studies have reported associations of serum omentin levels with subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes, little information is available with respect to the associations of serum omentin levels and diabetic microvascular complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of serum omentin levels and vascular complications including cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: We recruited 97 patients who evaluated complications of diabetes. CAN was assessed by five standard cardiovascular reflex tests according to Ewing's protocol. Diabetic nephropathy (DN), retinopathy (DR), and peripheral neuropathy (DPN) were evaluated. Serum omentin levels were assessed by ELISA. Atherosclerotic burden was evaluated by measuring the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and ankle brachial index (ABI). RESULTS: The prevalence of CAN increased borderline significantly across the omentin tertiles (p = 0.05) and CAN point increased significantly and progressively across the omentin tertiles (p = 0.013). The prevalence of other microvascular complications (DPN, DN, and DR) did not differ among omentin tertiles. The mean levels of baPWV also increased significantly and progressively across the omentin tertiles (p = 0.002). Serum omentin levels were significantly positively correlated with CAN point (p = 0.004) and borderline significantly correlated with baPWV (p = 0.05) after multivariate adjustment. Regarding linear regression analysis for CAN point, univariate regression analysis demonstrated that CAN point associated with omentin, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and hsCRP. Multiple regression analysis revealed that omentin levels, together DBP and baPWV correlated with CAN point. This present study suggests that serum omentin levels may be independently associate with CAN in patients with T2DM.
Assuntos
Aterosclerose/sangue , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/sangue , Citocinas/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Neuropatias Diabéticas/sangue , Lectinas/sangue , Idoso , Albuminúria , Índice Tornozelo-Braço , Aterosclerose/complicações , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/etiologia , Pressão Sanguínea , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Nefropatias Diabéticas/etiologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/urina , Neuropatias Diabéticas/etiologia , Retinopatia Diabética/etiologia , Feminino , Proteínas Ligadas por GPI/sangue , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ambulatório Hospitalar , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/etiologia , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Manobra de ValsalvaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Whereas visceral abdominal adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with cardiometabolic risk, there is debate regarding the role of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: A total of 234 patients (men 131, women 103, mean age: 53 years) with T2DM were enrolled. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) and visceral fat thickness (VFT) were assessed by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography (US). RESULTS: Compared to women, men had significantly higher VFT and lower SFT (p = 0.002, p = 0.04, respectively). In partial correlation coefficient analyses between CIMT and abdominal fat thickness after adjustment for body mass index (BMI), SFT showed a negative correlation with CIMT in men (r = -0.27, p = 0.03). VFT was not correlated with CIMT in either men or women. In women, SFT was not correlated with CIMT (r = -0.01, p = 0.93). VFT/SFT ratio was not correlated with CIMT in either men or women. In multivariate regression analyses adjusted for BMI and other CVD risk factors, SFT but not VFT was independently inversely associated with CIMT in men but not in women (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: SFT assessed by US was inversely associated with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM, particularly men. Further research into the different roles of the two types of abdominal adipose tissue in both men and women is warranted.
Assuntos
Gordura Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico por imagem , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Gordura Subcutânea/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We examined the relationship between central blood pressure (BP), brachial BP with carotid atherosclerosis and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: We recruited 201 patients who were evaluated for central BP, brachial BP, carotid ultrasonography, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), ankle-brachial index (ABI) and microvascular complications. Central BP were calculated using a radial automated tonometric system. RESULTS: Agreement between central BP and brachial BP was very strong (concordance correlation coefficient between central and brachial SBP = 0.889, between central and brachial PP = 0.816). Central pulse pressure (PP) was correlated with mean carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), baPWV and ABI, whereas brachial PP was borderline significantly correlated with CIMT. The prevalence of nephropathy(DN) and retinopathy(DR) according to the brachial PP tertiles increased, the prevalences of microvascular complications were not different across central PP tertiles. In multivariate analysis, the relative risks (RRs) for the presence of DR were 1.2 and 4.6 for the brachial PP tertiles 2 and 3 when compared with the first tertile. Also, the RRs for the presence of DN were 1.02 and 3 for the brachial PP tertiles 2 and 3 when compared with the first tertile. CONCLUSIONS: Agreement of central BP and brachial BP was very strong. Nonetheless, this study showed that higher brachial PP levels are associated with increased probability for the presence of microvascular complications such as DR/DN. However, there are no associations with central SBP and central PP with microvascular complications. Central BP levels than brachial BP are correlated with surrogate marker of macrovascular complications.
Assuntos
Pressão Arterial , Artéria Braquial/fisiopatologia , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Angiopatias Diabéticas/epidemiologia , Microcirculação , Índice Tornozelo-Braço , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/fisiopatologia , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Angiopatias Diabéticas/diagnóstico , Angiopatias Diabéticas/fisiopatologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/epidemiologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/fisiopatologia , Retinopatia Diabética/epidemiologia , Retinopatia Diabética/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Manometria , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Razão de Chances , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prevalência , Análise de Onda de Pulso , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a common complication of diabetes associated with poor prognosis. In addition, the autonomic imbalance is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetes. It is thought that adipocytokines contribute to the increased risk of vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, literature data on the association between CAN with adipocytokines such as leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), adiponectin in subjects with T2DM is limited.Therefore, in the present study, we examined the relationship between fasting serum leptin, TNF- alpha and adiponectin and CAN in Korean T2DM patients. METHODS: A total of 142 T2DM patients (94 males, 48 females) were recruited. CAN was assessed by the five tests according to the Ewing's protocol and the time and frequency domain of the heart rate variability (HRV) was evaluated. Serum TNF-alpha and adiponectin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum leptin levels were measured using radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Although, the mean levels of leptin, TNF-alpha and adiponectin were not significantly different between the groups with and without CAN, the levels of leptin and adiponectin had a tendency to increase as the score of CAN increased (p = 0.05, p = 0.036). Serum leptin levels demonstrated a negative correlation with low frequency (LF) in the upright position (p = 0.037). Regarding TNF-alpha, a significant negative correlation was observed with SDNN and RMSSD in the upright position (p = 0.023, p = 0.019). Adiponectin levels were not related to any HRV parameters. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the odds of CAN increased with a longer duration of diabetes (1.25, [1.07-1.47]) and higher homeostatic model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (5.47, [1.8-16.5]). The relative risks for the presence of CAN were 14.1 and 51.6 for the adiponectin 2nd, 3rd tertiles when compared with first tertile (p-value for trend = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, the higher serum adiponectin levels and HOMA-IR were associated with an increased risk for the presence of CAN. Also, the CAN score correlated with the serum adiponectin. Serum adipocytokines such as leptin and TNF-alpha were significantly correlated with parameters of HRV, representative markers of CAN. Future prospective studies with larger number of patients are required to establish a direct relationship between plasma adipocytokine concentrations and the development or severity of CAN.
Assuntos
Adipocinas/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Neuropatias Diabéticas/diagnóstico , Neuropatias Diabéticas/etiologia , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico , Cardiopatias/etiologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adiponectina/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Neuropatias Diabéticas/sangue , Feminino , Cardiopatias/sangue , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Humanos , Coreia (Geográfico) , Leptina/sangue , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangueRESUMO
We report the successful fabrication of preceramic polymer allylhydridopolycarbosilane (AHPCS) derived microchannels with excellent organic solvent resistance and optical transparency via economic imprinting process, followed by UV and post thermal curing process at 160 degrees C for 3 h. The microchemical performance of the fabricated microreactors was evaluated by choosing two model micro chemical reactions under organic solvent conditions; syntheses of 2-aminothiazole in DMF and dimethylpyrazole in THF, and compared with glass-based microreactor having identical dimensions and batch system with analogy. It is clear that AHPCS derived microreactor showed excellent solvent resistance and chemical stability compare with glass derived microreactor made by high cost of photolithography and thermal bonding process. The novel preceramic polymer derived microreactors showed reliable mechanical and chemical stability and conversion yields compare with that of glass derived microreactors, which is very promising for developing an integrated microfluidics by adopting available microstructuring techniques of the polymers.
RESUMO
Since the first emergence of influenza viruses, they have caused the flu seasonally worldwide. Precise detection of influenza viruses is required to prevent the spreading of the disease. Herein, we developed an optical biosensor using peptide-immobilized nanopillar structures for the label-free detection of influenza viruses. The spin-on-glass nanopillar structures were fabricated by nanoimprint lithography. A sialic acid-mimic peptide, which can specifically bind to hemagglutinin on the surface of the influenza virus, was immobilized onto the nanopillars via polymerized dopamine. The constructed nanopillar sensor enabled us to detect influenza A viruses in the range of 103-105 plaque-forming units through simple measurements of reflectance. Our findings suggest that biomimetic modification of nanopillar structures can be an alternative method for the immunodiagnosis of influenza viruses.
RESUMO
AIMS: This population-based cross-sectional study aimed to investigate recent trends in the prevalence and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Korea. We also investigated trends in annual prevalence rate of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and cesarean section (C-section) in GDM patients. METHODS: We used data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment-National Patient Sample (HIRA-NPS) database, 2012-2016. Non-GDM (n = 53,698) and GDM (n = 7956) patient data were analyzed for each year. RESULTS: The annual increase in the prevalence of GDM was 11.1% over 2012-2016, with a significant continuously increasing trend (p < 0.0001). Age-stratified analysis showed that the annual prevalence of GDM significantly increased in patients below 40 years of age, but was not statistically significant as an increasing trend in patients above 40 years of age. Annual PIH prevalence rate among GDM women showed decreasing trend but was not statistically significant. An annual increase in C-section rate above 5% in GDM patients was statistically significant in both unadjusted and adjusted for age and PIH models. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of GDM in Korean women and C-section rates in women with GDM showed a significantly increasing trend, 2012-2016. There is a need for further efforts to monitor this trend and to identify associated risk factors for GDM in Korean women.
Assuntos
Cesárea/efeitos adversos , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiologia , Diabetes Gestacional/terapia , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/normas , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Gravidez , Prevalência , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The effective production of nanopatterned films generally requires a nanopatterned roll mold with a large area. We report on a novel system to fabricate large-area roll molds by recombination of smaller patterned areas in a step-and-repeat imprint lithography process. The process is accomplished in a method similar to liquid transfer imprint lithography (LTIL). The stamp roll with a smaller area takes up the liquid resist by splitting from a donor substrate or a donor roll. The resist is then transferred from a stamp roll to an acceptor roll and stitched together in a longitudinal and, if necessary, in a circumferential direction. During transfer, the nanostructured resist is UV-exposed and crosslinked directly on the acceptor roll. The acceptor roll with the stitched and recombined stamp patterns is ready to be used as a large-area roll mold for roll-based imprinting. A system for this purpose was designed, and its operation was demonstrated taking the example of an acceptor roll of 1 m length and 250 mm diameter, which was covered by 56 patterned areas. Such a system represents an elegant and efficient tool to recombine small patterned areas directly on a large roll mold and opens the way for large-area roll-based processing.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Spingobium sp. PAMC 28499 is isolated from the glaciers of Uganda. Uganda is a unique region where hot areas and glaciers coexist, with a variety of living creatures surviving, but the survey on them is very poor. The genetic character and complete genome information of Sphingobium strains help with environmental studies and the development of better to enzyme industry. OBJECTIVE: In this study, complete genome sequence of Spingobium sp. PAMC 28499 and comparative analysis of Spingobium species strains isolated from variety of the region. METHODS: Genome sequencing was performed using PacBio sequel single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology. The predicted gene sequences were functionally annotated and gene prediction was carried out using the program NCBI non-redundant database. And using dbCAN2 and KEGG data base were degradation pathway predicted and protein prediction about carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes). RESULTS: The genome sequence has 64.5% GC content, 4432 coding protein coding genes, 61 tRNAs, and 12 rRNA operons. Its genome encodes a simple set of metabolic pathways relevant to pectin and its predicted degradation protein an unusual distribution of CAZymes with extracellular esterases and pectate lyases. CAZyme annotation analyses revealed 165 genes related to carbohydrate active, and especially we have found GH1, GH2, GH3, GH38, GH35, GH51, GH51, GH53, GH106, GH146, CE12, PL1 and PL11 such as known pectin degradation genes from Sphingobium yanoikuiae. These results confirmed that this Sphingobium sp. strain PAMC 28499 have similar patterns to RG I pectin-degrading pathway. CONCLUSION: In this study, isolated and sequenced the complete genome of Spingobium sp. PAMC 28499. Also, this strain has comparative genome analysis. Through the complete genome we can predict how this strain can store and produce energy in extreme environment. It can also provide bioengineered data by finding new genes that degradation the pectin.
Assuntos
Polissacarídeo-Liases/genética , Sphingomonadaceae/genética , Sphingomonas/genética , Composição de Bases/genética , Sequência de Bases/genética , Mapeamento Cromossômico/métodos , Genoma Bacteriano/genética , Genômica/métodos , Pectinas/metabolismo , Filogenia , Sphingomonadaceae/enzimologia , Sphingomonadaceae/metabolismo , Sphingomonas/metabolismo , Uganda , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma/métodosRESUMO
We present a rare case of an infratemporal fossa mucocele with facial paresthesia in a 36-year-old man. Both computerized tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a cystic lesion occupying the left infratemporal fossa. Marsupialization using transmaxillary and endoscopic intranasal approaches was performed to drain the mucocele into the nasal cavity and the application of mitomycin C to preserve the drainage of mucocele, which may be a good surgical option for the complete excision of infratemporal fossa cystic lesions without causing postoperative morbidity.
Assuntos
Sinusite Maxilar/diagnóstico , Mucocele/complicações , Pólipos Nasais/diagnóstico , Síndromes de Compressão Nervosa/diagnóstico , Parestesia/diagnóstico , Osso Temporal , Doenças do Nervo Trigêmeo/diagnóstico , Adulto , Bochecha/inervação , Drenagem , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Sinusite Maxilar/cirurgia , Mitomicina/administração & dosagem , Mucocele/diagnóstico , Mucocele/cirurgia , Pólipos Nasais/cirurgia , Síndromes de Compressão Nervosa/etiologia , Parestesia/etiologia , Reoperação , Osso Temporal/patologia , Osso Temporal/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Doenças do Nervo Trigêmeo/etiologiaRESUMO
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, also known as inflammatory pseudotumors, include a diverse group of lesions characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration and variable fibrotic responses. Their occurrence in the temporal bone is unusual. We present a case of an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the mastoid bone in a 55-year-old female who complained of repeated otorrhea and a hearing impairment. On an otoscopic exam, her tympanic membrane was perforated. The computed tomographic imaging revealed a soft-tissue density-filled middle ear and mastoid with sclerotic bony change. The initial clinical diagnosis was chronic suppurative otitis media and mastoiditis, and the patient underwent a canal-wall down tympanomastoidectomy through a retroauricular approach. A histopathologic examination showed the presence of myofibroblastic spindle cells with mixed inflammatory infiltrates, and the pathologic diagnosis was inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Orelha/diagnóstico , Orelha Média , Granuloma de Células Plasmáticas/diagnóstico , Processo Mastoide , Mastoidite/diagnóstico , Miofibroma/diagnóstico , Otite Média Supurativa/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cranianas/diagnóstico , Doença Crônica , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Neoplasias da Orelha/patologia , Neoplasias da Orelha/cirurgia , Orelha Média/patologia , Orelha Média/cirurgia , Feminino , Granuloma de Células Plasmáticas/patologia , Granuloma de Células Plasmáticas/cirurgia , Humanos , Processo Mastoide/patologia , Processo Mastoide/cirurgia , Mastoidite/patologia , Mastoidite/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Miofibroma/patologia , Miofibroma/cirurgia , Otite Média Supurativa/patologia , Otite Média Supurativa/cirurgia , Otoscopia , Neoplasias Cranianas/patologia , Neoplasias Cranianas/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Perfuração da Membrana Timpânica/diagnóstico , Perfuração da Membrana Timpânica/etiologia , Perfuração da Membrana Timpânica/cirurgiaRESUMO
AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum FGF21 level and all microvascular complication including cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: A total 227 T2DM patients were enrolled and serum FGF21 levels were assessed. Diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and CAN were evaluated. RESULTS: The prevalence of retinopathy and nephropathy among the FGF21 tertiles was significantly different (p=0.001, p=0.006, respectively), whereas no difference was found in the prevalence of DPN and CAN. In multivariate analysis, the odds ratio (OR) for the presence of retinopathy was 0.08 for the FGF21 second tertile when compared with the first tertile (p=0.029). OR of retinopathy in third tertile group was lower than first tertile and higher than second tertile, but statistically insignificant. Crude OR for nephropathy was 0.34 for the second FGF21 tertile, when compared with the first tertile (p=0.015). However, FGF21 level was not significantly associated with nephropathy after multivariable adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, there was no association between diabetic nephropathy, DPN, and CAN and serum FGF21 levels. However, we found a U-shaped relationship between both lower and higher serum FGF21 levels and diabetic retinopathy. This result suggests that the very low serum FGF21 level itself may associate with diabetic retinopathy and also relatively elevated serum FGF21 level may be a compensatory increase to protect against microvascular injury.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Angiopatias Diabéticas/sangue , Fatores de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Angiopatias Diabéticas/epidemiologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/sangue , Nefropatias Diabéticas/epidemiologia , Retinopatia Diabética/sangue , Retinopatia Diabética/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Razão de ChancesRESUMO
The fabrication of large-area and well-ordered nanostructures using lithographic techniques is challenging. We have developed novel approaches for sub-50 nm nanopatterning using an electrohydrodynamic lithography (EHL) technique by tailoring experimental parameters such as applied voltage, stamp features, filling ratio, and choice of resist film. We obtain a sub-50 nm pattern replica from a master stamp that contains an array of line patterns having 50 nm widths. Moreover, we show that a far-smaller pattern replication than the original pattern size can be readily obtained by carefully adjusting the experimental conditions. Perfect- and much smaller-pattern replicas have been realized from the master stamp with an array of hole patterns having a 400 nm hole size by tuning the filling ratio. We also demonstrate that an array of 30 nm graphene nanoribbons can be easily fabricated by exploring a hierarchical core-shell template structure employing a bilayer resist film via an EHL technique. The proposed minimal-contact patterning method is simple, versatile, and inexpensive and has potential to become a powerful technique for realizing feasible ultrafine nanostructures on a wafer scale.
RESUMO
AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the glycated albumin (GA) to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (GA/HbA1c) ratio and grade of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on ultrasonography (US) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: This retrospective, cross-sectional study was performed with data obtained from 186 T2DM patients. Participants were assessed for serum GA/HbA1c ratio and fatty liver using US. NAFLD was defined as ultrasonographically detected fatty liver and was graded as normal, mild, moderate, and severe fatty liver. RESULTS: A total of 98 subjects (53%) were diagnosed with NAFLD on US, of which 47 (48%) had moderate-to-severe grade of NAFLD. The mean GA level and GA/HbA1c ratio significantly decreased across increasing NAFLD stages (34% vs. 29% vs. 27% vs. 28%, p=0.023 for trend; 3.1vs. 2.9vs. 2.6vs. 2.7, p=0.001 for trend, respectively), whereas there was no significant difference in HbA1c level among groups (p=0.714 for trend). There was a significant decrease in prevalence of NAFLD across GA/HbA1c ratio tertiles (67% vs. 58% vs. 41%, p for trend=0.007). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that individuals with the lowest GA/HbA1c ratio had an odds ratio (OR) of 2.75 (95% CI=1.06-7.13) for having any grade of NAFLD and an OR of 4.48 [1.20-16.74] for moderate-to-severe grade NAFLD compared with the highest GA/HbA1c ratio even after adjustment for confounding factors (p=0.038, p=0.026, respectively). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that GA/HbA1c ratio was significantly inversely associated with the presence and severity of NAFLD on US.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/etiologia , Albumina Sérica/análise , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/sangue , Estudos Retrospectivos , Albumina Sérica GlicadaRESUMO
It is very important to make a safe, dry, trouble-free ear for the canal wall down mastoidectomy. Although fascia graft is the most common material used for the repair of the perforated tympanic membrane, it is usually too small to cover the whole mastoid cavity in canal wall down mastoidectomy. The presence of exposed bone delays the epithelialization and results in prolonged otorrhea. We present a new simple technique that uses a postauricular, inferiorly based pedicled flap. Although our deep temporalis fascial-periosteal flap is not bulky, it is large enough to obliterate a sclerotic mastoid cavity without the need for additional flaps. It shrinks much less than a muscular flap during the healing period. In addition to reducing the cavity volume, this flap promotes the epithelialization over the bone and the shortening of the healing time. Although only a small number of patients were included in this study, coverage of a canal wall down mastoid cavity by a deep temporalis fascial-periosteal flap is expected to be a reliable and effective technique that results in a dry, trouble-free mastoid cavity.