Evaluation of cardiovascular complaints in higher education students experiencing elevated level of situational anxiety during the martial law and peacetime.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To calculate the average score of situational anxiety level and compare the risk of developing cardiovascular complaints in higher education students from the country in the martial law and the country in peacetime according to the respondents' level of situational anxiety. To analyze the impact of place of residence on the frequency of complaints among students with an elevated level of situational anxiety in both countries. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: Descriptive and inferential statistics: cluster method, qualitative analysis method; exploratory observational analytical short-term case-control study. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) [1] questionnaire was used to calculate the situational anxiety level indicator. Calculations were conducted using Excel and MedStat software. RESULTS: Results: The research results demonstrated higher level of situational anxiety among students who belonged to higher educational institutions in the country under the martial law. The odds ratio is 0,42 (95% CІ 0,27-0,66), indicating that the elevated level of situational anxiety was encountered more frequently in the study group compared to the control group of students. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The average score of situational anxiety level was found to be higher among students from a country where the martial law has been implemented. The presence of the martial law in the country was identified as a factor associated with an increased risk of complaints from the cardiovascular system among students. The risk of developing cardiovascular complaints in the context of elevated situational anxiety is confirmed.

Lung Lesions: Differential Diagnoses Beyond Cancer.

BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm diagnosed worldwide. Early diagnosis and treatment are of great importance for patient's prognosis. A wide variety of pulmonary conditions display clinical and radiological presentation similar to that of lung cancer, and the awareness of their existence can help in making correct diagnoses. CASE REPORT This article presents a description of 4 patients with an insidious type of lesions mimicking pulmonary carcinomas. The first patient was referred to Department with a tumor-like lesion in the right lung. After CT of the chest and core-needle biopsy, the lesion turned out to be an ectopic thyroid tissue. The second patient reported a dry cough and weight loss. A lung nodule mass was revealed in chest CT and the patient was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculoma. The remaining 2 patients, despite the suspicion of lung cancer, were subsequently diagnosed with a post-traumatic pleural hematoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose computed tomography of the chest plays a significant role in the diagnosis of newly detected lesions in the lungs. However, due to the similarity of the image of cancer to that of other diseases, the ultimate diagnosis should be based on the interpretation of full imaging diagnostic tests, clinical presentation, and histopathological examination of the material obtained from the lesion. Analysis of cases enables us to expand our understanding of the diseases that need to be considered in differential diagnosis of a patient with a detected tumor-like lesion in the lungs.