The protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in isoniazid and ethambutol-induced ocular toxicity of rats.

PURPOSE: This study intended to examine the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on isoniazid (INH) and/or ethambutol (ETM)-induced retina and optic nerve toxicity in a rat model. METHODS: This study included eight groups, each containing 10 rats. The groups were Control, INH, ETM, CAPE, INH+CAPE, ETM+CAPE, INH+ETM and INH+ETM+CAPE. Rats were given orally 50 mg/kg/d of INH and 50 mg/kg/d of ETM in tap water for 30 d. 10 µmol/kg of CAPE were intraperitoneally injected for 30 d. The first dose of CAPE was given 24 h before the INH and ETM treatment and continued until sacrifice. Control group was given only tap water for 30 d. Rats were anaesthetized and sacrificed on the 30th day of experiment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA), total anti-oxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) were measured on the dissected and excised retina and optic nerve samples. Fellow eyes were used for histopathologic evaluation and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) count. In addition, CAPE, INH and ETM interaction with SOD isoforms were calculated in silico. RESULTS: The SOD activity and TAS levels were found significantly higher in CAPE-treated groups compared to INH and/or ETM-treated groups (p < 0.0001). But the MDA, and TOS levels were significantly lower in CAPE-treated groups (p < 0.0001). The mean RGC count is significantly decreased in INH, ETM and INH+ETM groups compared with INH+CAPE, ETM+CAPE and INH+ETM+CAPE groups, respectively (p values 0.001, 0.042, and 0.001 respectively). Besides, in silico calculations showed that binding affinity of CAPE to SOD isotypes was higher than that of INH and ETM. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that CAPE treatment may decrease the oxidative stress in the retina and optic nerve of INH- and ETM-treated rats and may prevent RGC loss. As an underlying mechanism, CAPE and SOD interaction seems crucial for alleviation of ocular oxidative stress and RGCs toxicity.

Vision-related quality of life in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate vision-related quality of life in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS: The interviewer-administered National Eye Institute visual function questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) was used in 30 adult consecutive patients with chronic CSCR patients. The controls were 30 gender- and age-matched people with normal visual function who came from the same socioeconomic and educational background as the participants. RESULTS: Patients with CSCR had statistically significant lower scores than controls for all the subscales, except for general health. In the study group, all subscale scores of vision-related quality of life, except general health, showed statistically significant negative correlations with the visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: People with CSCR have worse vision-related quality of life than people without the condition.

Outcomes of revision external dacryocystorhinostomy and nasal intubation by bicanalicular silicone tubing under endonasal endoscopic guidance.

AIM: To evaluate the long-term treatment outcomes in patients who underwent revision of external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) and nasal intubation by bicanalicular silicone tubing (BSTI) under endonasal endoscopic guidance. METHODS: Data from 28 patients with recurrent dacryocystitis were retrospectively reviewed. Revision external DCR and bicanalicular nasal intubation by silicone tubing under endonasal endoscopic guidance was performed in 28 eyes of 28 patients. The patients were evaluated with respect to the reason of recurrence, time to recurrence, time to revision, duration of follow-up and surgical success. RESULTS: Endoscopic endonasal examination detected an osteotomy-side obstruction by the excessive granulation tissue in 24 patients (86%), nasal septal deviation in three patients (10%) and nasal polyp in one patient (4%). Recurrence occurred after a mean duration of 5.3±3.7 months following the first operation. The mean time between the first DCR operation and the revision DCR was 11.5 ± 9.3 months. After a mean follow-up of 14.9±7.8 months, the rate of anatomic success alone was 85% (24/28); the rate of subjective success was 78% (22/28). CONCLUSION: Revision external DCR and bicanalicular nasal intubation by silicone tubing under endonasal endoscopic guidance can be recommended in patients with recurrent dacryocystitis as a surgical approach that achieves satisfactory objective and subjective success rates.