Comparison of bevacizumab, ranibizumab and aflibercept in retinopathy of prematurity treatment.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and refractive outcomes of intravitreal bevacizumab, ranibizumab and aflibercept in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treatment. METHODS: We analyzed the files of patients treated with intravitreal bevacizumab, ranibizumab and aflibercept for ROP, retrospectively. A total of 187 eyes of 111 patients were included. Recurrence time after initial treatment, recurrence rate, age and rate of additional treatment, refractive outcomes in age 1, 2 and 3 were evaluated and compared between the groups. RESULTS: Fifty-four eyes of 30 patients formed bevacizumab group (Group-1), 77 eyes of 47 patients formed ranibizumab group (Group-2) and 56 eyes of 34 patients formed aflibercept group (Group-3). No significant difference was found in gender, gestational age, birth weight and risk factors between the groups (p>0.05). Success rate was higher in group 3, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.174) (74.1% in group-1, 62.4% in group-2 and 76.8% in group-3). Recurrence rate was higher in group 2, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.158) (25.9% in group-1, 37.6% in group-2 and 23.2% in group-3). Recurrence time after initial treatment was significantly shorter in group 2 (p < 0.01). Additional treatment rate was also higher, and the age of additional treatment was lower in group-2 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). We found refractive values more myopic in ages of 1, 2 and 3 in group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Bevacizumab, ranibizumab and aflibercept are effective treatment alternatives for ROP. We observed more frequent and much earlier recurrence in eyes treated with ranibizumab. A myopic shift was found in bevacizumab group. We also emphasize the necessity of longer follow-ups for infants treated with anti-VEGF drugs.

Prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma in a Somalia population.

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in patients over 40 years that presented to our tertiary hospital in Somalia Mogadishu. METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study included 1550 patients older than 40 years that presented to the ophthalmology clinic of Somalia Mogadishu - Turkey Training and Research Hospital. The patients were evaluated in terms of age, gender, intraocular pressure, and optical cup/disk (C/D) ratio, and central corneal thickness measurements were taken. RESULTS: The prevalence of glaucoma in the study population over the age of 40 years was 7%. The prevalence of glaucoma was 40% in the 40-50-year group, 6.8% in the 50-60-year group, 7% in the 60-70-year group, 9.9% in the 70-80-year group, and 12.3% in the 80-90-year group. The prevalence of glaucoma statistically significantly increased with advancing age (p < 0.001). The mean intraocular pressure was measured as 16.7 ± 3.3 mmHg for the overall patient population, 16.3 ± 2.9 mmHg for the female patients, and 17.1 ± 3.1 mmHg for the male patients. The mean intraocular pressure of the patients diagnosed with POAG was 27.3 ± 4.2 mmHg, and their mean corneal thickness was 507.9 µm, which was significantly lower than the value of the patients without POAG (545.8) (p < 0.001). The mean C/D ratio was calculated as 0.56 ± 0.21 for the patients with POAG and general 0.24 ± 0.16 for the overall patient population, indicating a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A high rate of POAG is seen in patients over 40 years of age in Somalia. The mechanism underlying POAG needs to be investigated in this population.

Head and neck injuries after a bomb explosion: Diagnostic findings and treatment approaches.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the types and severity of head, face and neck (HFN) injuries, which occurred as a result of a bomb explosion and reached serious life-threatening levels, using radiological imaging methods, and to discuss the options of treatment at the time of presentation. METHODS: Of the 16 patients brought to the emergency department, 14 with HFN injuries were included in the study. Computed tomography (CT) and radiography scans were performed at the time of presentation in all patients, except for one. The injuries were divided into three groups according to their localization as head, face, and neck. RESULTS: A subgaleal hematoma was seen in 10 of 11 (78.5%) patients with head injuries. Eight (57.1%) of nine patients with facial injury had fractures and/or ocular injury in the orbital wall, and seven (50%) patients had maxillofacial bone fractures. Among ocular trauma cases, open-globe injuries were detected in three patients (21.4%), closed-globe in two (14.2%), and both types in three (21.4%). Of the five (35.7%) patients with secondary blast injuries in the neck, three (21.4%) had laryngeal trauma (Zone 2) due to shrapnel, localized in the false vocal cord, epiglottis, and thyrohyoid membrane, respectively. Emergency surgery was performed on a patient with a specific laryngeal injury. CONCLUSION: We consider that in patients presenting to the emergency department with blast HFN injuries, after providing airway patency and hemodynamic stability, CT and CT angiography should be performed because these modalities guide the treatment accurately and promptly.

Assessment of Doppler flow parameters of the retrobulbar arteries and internal carotid artery in patients with glaucoma: the significance of ophthalmic artery peak ratio and the intima-media thickness of the internal carotid artery.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to analyze flow parameters of the central retinal artery (CRA), ophthalmic artery (OA), and internal carotid artery (ICA) assessed by color Doppler ultrasound. METHODS: Thirty-five patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (PAAG), 65 patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), and 45 healthy controls, a total of 145 patients were included in this study and study participants were divided into three groups. All study participants underwent color Doppler ultrasound to assess blood flow parameters of CRA, OA and ICA. RESULTS: Comparisons among three groups revealed that pulsatility index and resistive index of the OA were significantly higher and peak ratio and end-systolic volume were significantly lower in patients with NTG or PAAG compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001 for all). As with OA, resistive index of the CRA was statistically significantly higher in patients with glaucoma (PAAG and NTG) compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001). The peak systolic volume and intima-media thickness of the ICA were statistically significantly higher in patients with PAAG compared to the other two groups (p < 0.001). ROC curve analysis of the CRA resistive index, OA resistive index and OA peak ratio in patients with glaucoma (PAAG and NTG) revealed that the sensitivity and specificity were 89% and 88%; 86% and 84%; 84% and 82%, respectively, at cutoff values of 0.64, 0.78 and 0.59, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Ophthalmic artery peak ratio and ICA intima-media thickness may be useful parameters in the diagnosis of patients with glaucoma.

Is computed tomography tractography reliable in patients with anterior abdominal stab wounds?

INTRODUCTION: The current literature and guidelines recommend that determination of peritoneal violation is done first in cases of anterior abdominal stab wounds. The primary endpoint of this study was to determine the reliability of computed tomographic (CT) tractography to assess peritoneal violation in anterior abdominal stab wounds. The secondary endpoint is to compare local wound exploration between conventional CT and CT tractography in the evaluation of peritoneal violation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 252 patients who were referred with anterior abdominal stab wounds were included in this prospective observational study. Three techniques (local wound exploration, conventional abdominal tomography, and CT tractography) were used to evaluate peritoneal violation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated for each technique to determine peritoneal violation. RESULTS: The results for the local wound exploration were 100% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV, 100% NPV, and 100% accuracy. The results for CT tractography were 95% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV, 80% NPV, and 96% accuracy. Conventional abdominal tomography results were 87% sensitivity, 50% specificity, 91% PPV, 40% NPV, and 82% accuracy. CONCLUSION: Local wound exploration is 100% effective in determining peritoneal violation with anterior abdominal stab wounds. CT tractography is better than conventional CT in detecting peritoneal violation. However, we do not recommend CT tractography in anterior abdominal stab wounds due to the false-negative results.

Evaluation of the Cornea and Anterior Chamber Morphologic Changes After Penetrating Keratoplasty in Patients With Keratoconus.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate changes of the cornea and anterior chamber after penetrating keratoplasty in eyes with keratoconus. METHODS: Medical records of 68 eyes of 68 patients with keratoconus who experienced penetrating keratoplasty at the Eye Clinic of Dr. Lütfi Kirdar Kartal Research and Training Hospital between 2010 and 2012 were studied. Records were retrospectively evaluated with regard to anterior chamber depth, iridocorneal angle, central corneal thickness, thinnest corneal thickness, maximum keratometric value, and mean keratometric value. Patients who developed complications and required additional surgery were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 68 eyes of 68 patients were included in this study. There were 40 (58.8%) male and 28 (41.2%) female patients. The mean age was 24.5±8.19 years (range: 11-42 years). The graft diameter was 7.5 mm and the recipient bed diameter was 7.0 mm in all patients. The preoperative anterior chamber depth decreased from 3.92±0.47 mm to 3.01±0.55 mm (23% decrease). No significant postoperative change was observed in the mean iridocorneal angle values. Keratometric values decreased by 30% and corneal thickness increased by 50% (P<0.001 for both). CONCLUSION: Anterior chamber depth decreased significantly, but no change was observed in iridocorneal angle after penetrating keratoplasty in patients with keratoconus. Also, a decrease in the keratometric values and an increase in corneal thickness were observed. Understanding, estimating, and managing changes in the anterior chamber after penetrating keratoplasty, which induces significant changes in anterior chamber morphology, might increase the success of surgery.

Effects of mesenchymal stem cells and VEGF on liver regeneration following major resection.

PURPOSE: The study aims to determine the effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy and a combination therapy of MSCs transfected with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for liver regeneration after major resection. METHODS: Thirty-eight rats were divided into four groups: group 1: control (sham operation); group 2: control (70 % hepatic resection); group 3: 70 % hepatic resection + systemically transplanted MSCs; and group 4: 70 % hepatic resection + systemically transplanted MSCs transfected with the VEGF gene. MSCs were injected via the portal vein route in study groups 3 and 4. Expression levels of VEGF, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor (TGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) were analyzed in the remnant liver tissue. We investigated the levels of angiogenic factors, VEGF-receptor, angiopoietin-1 (Angpt1) and Angpt2. Biochemical parameters of liver function in blood samples were measured and a histologic assessment of the livers was performed. The postoperative liver weight and volume of each rat were measured 14 days after surgery. RESULTS: The expression levels of all measured growth factors were significantly increased in groups 3 and 4 compared to the control groups. The levels of Angpt1 and Angpt2 correlated with levels of VEGF and thus were also significantly higher in the study groups. There were significant differences between the estimated liver weights and volumes of group 4 and the resected controls in group 2. With the exception of portal inflammation, levels of all histological parameters were observed to be higher in MSC-treated groups when compared with the resected controls in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: Transplanted stem cells and MSCs transfected with VEGF significantly accelerated many parameters of the healing process following major hepatic resection. After the injection of MSCs and VEGF-transfected MSCs into the portal vein following liver resection, they were engrafted in the liver. They increased bile duct and liver hepatocyte proliferation, and secreted many growth factors including HGF, TGFß, VEGF, PDGF, EGF, and FGF via paracrine effects. These effects support liver function, regeneration, and liver volume/weight.

Robotic versus conventional laparoscopic colorectal operations: a-single center experience.

OBJECTIVE: Robotic surgery was first introduced in 2000 especially to overcome the limitations of low rectum cancer surgery. There is still no consensus regarding the standard method for colorectal surgery. The aim of this study was to compare robotic surgery with laparoscopic colorectal surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study. Data of patients with a diagnosis of colon or rectal cancer were analyzed for robotic colorectal surgery and laparoscopic colorectal surgery. RESULTS: The cost of robotic surgery group was statistically higher than the laparoscopic surgery group (p=0.032). The average operation duration was 178 minutes in the laparoscopic surgery group and 228 minutes in the robotic surgery group, and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.044). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding other parameters. DISCUSSION: Disadvantages of robotic surgery seem to be its higher cost and longer operation duration as compared to laparoscopic surgery. We claim that an increase in the number of cases and experience may shorten the operation time while the increase in commercial interest may decrease the cost disadvantage of robotic surgery.

Giant juvenile fibroadenoma.

Juvenile fibroadenoma is a common cause of breast masses seen in adolescents and young women. Giant juvenile fibroadenomas are usually single and unilateral. The etiology is thought to be due to increased levels of estrogen during adolescence, although it is not yet fully understood. Treatment options range from simple excision to sub-cutaneous mastectomy according to the size of the lesion. This article aimed to present a case that was diagnosed with "giant juvenile fibroadenoma".

The importance of defecography in the assessment of the etiology of chronic constipation: An analysis of 630 patients.

OBJECTIVE: Chronic constipation is an entity with a high prevalence in the community. In our study, we analyzed the importance of defecography in the assessment of the etiology of chronic constipation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients who were admitted to our hospital outpatient general surgery clinic with complaints of constipation between July 2010 and January 2014, and who had their demographic data and defecography results recorded were included in the study. The demographic data of patients who underwent defecography and their results were recorded along with patient gender and age. RESULTS: The defecography was abnormal in 573 patients (90.9%) while it was normal in 57 patients (9.1%). CONCLUSION: Defecography is the current standard method of examination in etiological investigations for constipation, and it should be performed in each patient with a diagnosis of chronic constipation.

The early results of our initial experience with robotic adrenalectomy.

OBJECTIVE: Robotic adrenalectomy is one of the minimally invasive surgical methods gaining wide acceptance due to the three-dimensional imaging system and ergonomics of the equipment. We aimed to present the early data on patients who underwent robotic adrenalectomy due to adrenal masses in our hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The records of eight cases, in which a unilateral robotic trans-peritoneal adrenalectomy was conducted due to an adrenal mass between 2011 and 2013, have been evaluated. Demographic characteristics of cases, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, preoperative diagnosis, diameter and localization of the adrenal mass, operative time, blood loss, conversion rate to open surgery, morbidity and mortality rates, length of hospital stay, total hospital charges and postoperative pathologic results were considered. RESULTS: The female to male ratio was 6:2, the median age was 49.5 (26-71) and the median BMI was 29.7 (21.7-38.5). An adrenalectomy was performed in six cases for a right adrenal mass and in two cases for a left adrenal mass. The mean tumor diameter was 53.6 mm (20-90). The average surgical time (including docking) was 98 min. (55-175 min.) and the average blood loss was 50 mL. The only complication was a diaphragm injury which was repaired robotically. There were no conversions to traditional laparoscopic or open surgery and there have not been any mortality in the series. The median length of hospital stay was 4.1 days (range 2-11) and the average cost was 3617.12 TL ($1808.56). CONCLUSION: Robotic adrenalectomy is an effective and safe surgical alternative to laparoscopic adrenalectomy. However its high cost has emerged as its main disadvantage.

Endobiliary radiofrequency ablation for malignant biliary obstruction.

BACKGROUND: The cornerstone of palliative treatment for inoperable extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is the relief of malignant biliary obstruction. The most commonly applied method is endoscopic stenting. However, the procedure can be complicated with stent obstruction. In this respect, endobiliary radiofrequency ablation may serve as an adjunctive tool for prolonging the stent patency. METHODS: Patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for differential diagnosis and/or palliative treatment after the diagnosis of inoperable extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma between March 2011 and January 2012 were analyzed. Those in whom endobiliary radiofrequency ablation and endoscopic stenting was successfully performed were included in the study. Technical details of the procedure, duration of stent patency, length of hospital stay, short-term morbidity and mortality rate were documented. RESULTS: Seventeen patients were analyzed, and 10 patients were included in the study. The morbidity and mortality rate within the first 30 days after the procedure was 20% and 0%, respectively. In 2 patients, mild pancreatitis occurred because of the endobiliary procedure. In 1 patient, endobiliary decompression could not be achieved, and therefore, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage was carried out. The median duration of stent patency in 9 patients with successful biliary decompression was 9 months (range 6-15). CONCLUSION: Endobiliary radiofrequency ablation seems to be safe and feasible as a palliative measure and may prolong the stent patency and overall survival in patients with malignant biliary obstruction due to inoperable extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

[Tuboovarian abscess caused by hydatid cyst: a rare case]. / Nadir bir olgu: Tuboovaryan apseye neden olan hidatik kist.

Primary lesions of hydatid cysts caused by Echinococcus granulosus, are frequently localized in liver, followed by lungs, muscles, kidneys, spleen and bones. Pelvic inoculations are rare and usually occur as a secondary infection. In this report, a case of primary hydatid cyst in the abdomen, spleen and pelvic organs, clinically mimicking tuboovarian abscess, was presented. A nineteen-years-old female patient was admitted to the gynecology outpatient clinic with the complaint of abdominal pain for two days. The case was considered as tuboovarian abscess according to the initial examination findings and hospitalized for treatment and follow-up. In transabdominal ultrasound examination, 44 x 43 mm thin-walled septated cysts in the left ovary and 65 x 65 mm thin-walled multiloculated cysts in the spleen were detected. Abdominal computerized tomography also yielded multivesicular cystic masses in spleen, front abdominal wall and the left ovary. Since the clinical and vital findings worsened, she initially underwent ovarian cystectomy by laparoscopy, then abdominal cystectomy and splenectomy. The operation material examined macroscopically was compatible with hydatid cyst with the characteristics of a germinative membrane and hydatid sand. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination. The patient was discharged without complication on post-operative sixth day, with a recommendation of albendezol (15 mg/kg/day, 3 months) treatment. Since the patient had undergone emergency surgery, indirect hemaglutination (IHA) test had not been performed pre-operatively. However, post-operative third month serum sample revealed a positive (1/32) IHA titer. In conclusion, hydatid cyst should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of patients with abdominal pain, in response to the high prevalence of the parasite in our country.

Ocular surface assessment and morphological alterations in meibomian glands with non-contact meibography in electronic cigarette smokers.

PURPOSE: The study aimed to evaluate the ocular surface and meibomian gland morphology in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) smokers. METHODS: The upper and lower eyelids of 25 male e-cigarette smokers and 25 healthy male non-smoker patients were evaluated using Sirius meibography. Meibomian glands loss was automatically calculated using Phoenix meibography imaging software module, with the result obtained as percentage loss. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, tear breakup time test, and Schirmer II test were administered and performed in all cases. RESULTS: The mean e-cigarette smoking duration was 4.9 ± 0.9 (range, 3.4-7) years. While the mean Schirmer II test value was 9.16 ± 2.09 mm in e-cigarette group, it was 11.20 ± 2.14 mm in control group (p=0.003). Mean tear breakup time was 6.96 ± 2.31 seconds in e-cigarette group and 9.84 ± 2.13 seconds in control group (p=0.002). The mean OSDI value was 28.60 ± 6.54 and 15.16 ± 7.23 in e-cigarette and control groups, respectively (p<0.001). In Sirius meibography, the average loss for the upper eyelid was 23.08% ± 6.55% in e-cigarette group and 17.60% ± 4.94% in control group (p=0.002), and the average loss for the lower eyelid was 27.84% ± 5.98% and 18.44% ± 5.91%, respectively (p<0.001). Additionally, a significant positive correlation was identified between the loss rates for both upper and lower eyelid meibography with e-cigarette smoking duration (r=0.348, p<0.013 and r=0.550, p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Long-term e-cigarette smoking causes damage to the meibomian glands; therefore, meibomian gland damage should be considered in ocular surface disorders due to e-ci-garette smoking.

Analysis of optical coherence tomography angiographic findings of prematurely born children and its relationship with macular edema of prematurity.

PURPOSE: To compare foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, foveal vascular density (VD), and foveal thickness in pre- and full-term children and to evaluate their relationship with cystoid macular edema (CME) in the prematurity period using spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography (SD-OCTA). METHODS: OCTA imaging was performed at 4-6 years of age in 90 eyes of 45 prematurely born children and 50 eyes of 25 term children. Subjects were divided into three groups: prematurely born with CME (group 1); prematurely born without CME (group 2); healthy, term children (group 3). Imaging results in the three groups were compared. RESULTS: FAZ area was significantly larger in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.001 [ANOVA]). FAZ area was found to be correlated with birth weight (r = 0.511; P < 0.001) and gestational age (r = 0.532; P < 0.001). No significant relationship was found between history of CME and FAZ area. CONCLUSIONS: In our study cohort, FAZ area was smaller in prematurely born children and was correlated with older gestational age and higher birth weight. CME in the neonatal period did not seem to affect retinal microvascular development in premature infants.

Endoscopic treatment of a transmigrated intrauterine device to colonic wall: a case report.

We report an asymptomatic 23-year-old female patient who was diagnosed to have a transmigrated intrauterine device (IUD) during a routine gynecological examination. After the IUD had been located within the colonic wall by further investigation, the IUD was successfully extracted via transanal route by colonoscopic intervention.

[Comparison of the hemostatic efficiency of Ankaferd Blood Stopper and fibrin glue on a liver laceration model in rats]. / Siçanlarda karaciger laserasyon modelinde Ankaferd Blood Stopper ve fibrin yapistiricinin hemostatik etkinliginin karsilastirilmasi

BACKGROUND: Ankaferd Blood Stopper® (ABS) is an organic topical hemostatic agent that has become available in recent years. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of ABS in a liver laceration model in rats with that of fibrin glue (FG), which is currently being used widely in clinics. METHODS: Thirty-two Wistar Albino type rats were randomly divided into four groups. In the Sham group (Group 1), only the liver was explored. In the other study groups (Groups 2, 3 and 4), three incisions were performed, each 1 cm long and 2 mm deep, on the front of the left lobe of the livers. In Groups 2 and 3, ABS and FG were used as hemostatic agents, respectively. No materials were used for the injuries in the Control Group (Group 4). Bleeding periods, changes in the hematocrit levels, intraabdominal adhesion levels, and histopathological effects were taken into consideration. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the period of hemostasis in Groups 2 and 3, whereas the same period was evidently longer in Group 4 (17 (15-20) sec, 18 (16-20) sec, 70 (64-74) seconds, respectively; p<0.05). No significant difference was detected between the groups regarding intraabdominal adhesion levels (Group 1: 1 (0-1), Group 2: 2 (1-3), Group 3: 2 (1-3), Group 4: 2 (1-3); p>0.05). Microscopic evaluations revealed similar histopathological effects of ABS and FG on the liver and surrounding tissues (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The topical hemostatic effectiveness of ABS was shown to be comparable to FG in a liver laceration model in rats. There was no significant difference between these materials regarding adhesion formation in intraabdominal use or histopathological effects.

The effects of methylene blue on adhesion formation in a rat model of experimental peritonitis.

BACKGROUND: We investigated the effects of methylene blue (MB) on the early and late phases of adhesion and abscess formation in a standard colonic wall injury and fecal peritonitis model in rats. METHODS: There were four groups: Group I (only laparotomy, n=10), Group II (peritonitis + MB, n=15), Group III (peritonitis + saline, n=15), and Group IV (colon incision + saline, n=15). Mortality, morbidity, adhesion scores, histopathologic analyses, serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) levels, and tissue hydroxyproline (5-HP) levels were evaluated in all animals. Descriptive statistical methods were used with Kruskal-Wallis test. When a statistical difference was obtained between groups, Mann-Whitney U test was used to confirm the difference between two groups. RESULTS: Adhesion scores of Groups I, III and IV were significantly higher than in Group II. TNF-? levels were significantly higher in Groups I, III and IV. 5-HP levels were significantly lower in Groups I and II compared to Groups III and IV. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, it appears that MB may prevent peritoneal adhesions in a peritonitis model, but wound healing could be impaired. MB should be further evaluated because of its dual effect.

Imaging findings in patients after the bomb explosion in Somalia on December 28, 2019.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to present the radiological findings of injuries in victims as a result of a suicide bombing in Mogadishu, Somalia. METHODS: Of the 82 injured cases admitted to the emergency department within the first six hours after the explosion, those who were radiologically evaluated were included in this retrospective and descriptive study. To analyze and identify the distribution of primary, secondary, and tertiary injuries, they were classified according to the body areas as head-neck, thorax, abdominopelvic, extremity, and vertebra. RESULTS: The mean age (mean ± SD) of 63 patients included in the study was 28.6 ± 10.2 years. Twenty-four (38.1%) of the injured patients were female and 39 (61.9%) were male. Secondary blast injury was the most common type of injury in the study group with a rate of 39/63 (62%). The total number of bomb fragments was 235, of which 113 (47.8%) were seen in the head and neck region, followed by 86 (36.5%) in the extremities. There were 10 patients (15.9%) with lung injury and 13 (20.6%) with tympanic membrane perforation due to the primary blast mechanism. CONCLUSION: Radiological imaging plays an important role in identifying specific findings and patterns of explosive injuries. Therefore, we consider that patients with stable hemodynamics should be radiologically examined for a fast and accurate diagnosis or treatment.