RESUMO
Background Osimertinib is one of the first-line treatments for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. However, the occurrence rate of osimertinib-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD) is particularly high in Japanese patients and little information on subsequent cancer treatment options after recovery from osimertinib-induced ILD is currently available. Thus, this study aims to determine the safety and efficacy of afatinib for the treatment of NSCLC following osimertinib-induced ILD. Methods We retrospectively investigated the clinical courses of all NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations at our facility between August 2018 and September 2019, who received osimertinib as first-line treatment and were subsequently treated with afatinib after developing osimertinib-induced ILD. Results Forty-two patients received osimertinib treatment at our facility during the study period, and four patients received afatinib after developing osimertinib-induced ILD. All events of ILD improved either spontaneously or with steroid therapy before the initiation of afatinib. For the four patients who were retrospectively reviewed, the overall response rate to afatinib therapy was 75%, and the disease control rate was 100%. During the study period, no ILD recurrence was observed in any of the four patients. Conclusions According to our study findings, afatinib treatment after osimertinib-induced ILD is considered safe and effective and it can be used as one of the treatment options for NSCLC following osimertinib-induced ILD.
Assuntos
Acrilamidas/efeitos adversos , Afatinib/administração & dosagem , Compostos de Anilina/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Afatinib/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/efeitos adversos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Miliary tuberculosis is a potentially lethal type of tuberculosis that results from the hematogenous dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. We herein describe the case of a 34-year-old man that presented with a one-month history of cough and fever, while his sputum smear results were negative. Chest computed tomography revealed bilateral centrilobular ground-glass opacification (GGO), suggestive of hypersensitivity pneumonitis; thus, bronchoscopy was performed. Cryobiopsy specimens revealed necrotic granulomas. A re-examination of sputum after bronchoscopy identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and miliary tuberculosis was diagnosed. A cryobiopsy might be useful for diagnosing miliary tuberculosis pathologically, particularly when miliary nodules may be masked by GGO.
Assuntos
Alveolite Alérgica Extrínseca , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculose Miliar , Adulto , Broncoscopia , Humanos , Masculino , Escarro , Tuberculose Miliar/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: Extracellular water-to-total body water ratio (ECW/TBW) measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) reportedly predicts clinical outcomes of various diseases. The aim of this retrospective study was to examine the association between ECW/TBW and therapeutic durability of chemotherapy and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced lung cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with advanced lung cancer underwent BIA before chemotherapy and/or treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors at our hospital between June 2018 and November 2019. RESULTS: Of 75 patients, 18 with ECW/TBW ≥0.4 were assigned to the overhydrated group (OH-G) and 57 patients ECW/TBW <0.4 were assigned to the non-overhydrated group (NOH-G). The median time-to-treatment failure was significantly shorter in the OH-G than in the NOH-G (p=0.003). Multivariate analysis revealed that ECW/TBW ≥0.4 predicted treatment failure [hazard ratio (HR)=2.508, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.19-5.27; p=0.01]. CONCLUSION: The ECW/TBW may be an objective parameter for predicting therapeutic durability in advanced lung cancer.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Água Corporal/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Água/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Composição Corporal , Impedância Elétrica , Espaço Extracelular/metabolismo , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improved the prognosis of patients with advanced lung cancers. The combination therapy of cytotoxic drugs and ICI is approved as first-line chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and extensive disease small-cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC). It has been reported various immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We herein report a 65-year-old man with NSCLC who developed hepatitis and pancreatitis simultaneously during the combination immunochemotherapy. In the treatment of hepatitis and pancreatitis, the clinical course was different. In this report, the importance of accurate diagnosis through detailed examination and treatment priority depending on the severity of the symptoms is indicated.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: We retrospectively investigated the significance of pre-treatment interferon-gamma release (IGR) as a biomarker for predicting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment (ICI-tx). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study included non-small-cell lung cancer patients who received ICI-tx between January 1, 2016 and April 30, 2019. IGR was measured using the positive control of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We defined the pre-treatment cut-off level of IGR as 10 IU/ml. RESULTS: Fifty-four patients were divided into two groups; those with an IGR ≤10 IU/ml (lower group: LG) (n=15) and those with >10 IU/ml (higher group: HG) (n=39). The time to treatment failure (TTF) in the HG was significantly longer than that in the LG. In multivariate analyses, C-reactive protein and IGR levels were significant risk factors for TTF. CONCLUSION: Pre-treatment IGR level of >10 IU/ml is recommended to identify those patients who will respond favourably to ICI-tx.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/sangue , Interferon gama/sangue , Neoplasias Pulmonares/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/mortalidade , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Testes de Liberação de Interferon-gama , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Falha de Tratamento , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: We aimed to study the association between the quantitative interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels and clinical outcomes in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sample collection for IFN-γ release assay (IGRA) was performed within 14 days before treatment (T1), on day 22±7 (T3), and on day 43±7 (T4). The stored specimens over 10 IU/ml in IGRA were re-examined using the dilution method (with saline as the dilution medium). The patients were classified into Lower and Higher groups by 7.06 IU/ml as a cut-off of IFN-γ levels at T1. RESULTS: Median progression-free survival in the Higher group was significantly longer than that in the Lower group. IFN-γ levels in the non-progression disease group were significantly higher than those in the progression disease group. IFN-γ levels at T1 in patients with immune-related adverse events were significantly lower compared to those at T3. CONCLUSION: IFN-γ could be a biomarker for NSCLC patients receiving ICIs.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Imunoterapia/métodos , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Intervalo Livre de ProgressãoRESUMO
Cardiac side effects associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are an uncommon but serious complication with a relatively high mortality. We experienced a case of cardiomyopathy induced by nivolumab. Echocardiography showed diffuse hypo-kinesis of the left ventricular cardiac wall and a significant decrease in the ejection fraction, like dilated cardiomyopathy. The myocardial biopsy showed non-inflammatory change; cardiac function gradually improved after treatment of acute heart failure without a corticosteroid. Although non-inflammatory left ventricular dysfunction induced by ICIs is rare, it is a reported cardiovascular toxicity. Physicians should consider this complication when treating patients with ICIs for malignant diseases.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/induzido quimicamente , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Nivolumabe/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Ecocardiografia , Humanos , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Nivolumabe/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Invasive tracheobronchial aspergillosis (ITBA) complicated by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is rare. An 88-year-old man was admitted for hemoptysis. Bronchoscopy revealed bronchial ulcers, and a tissue biopsy showed Aspergillus fumigatus. He was diagnosed with ITBA, which improved with voriconazole. During treatment, infiltrative shadows appeared in his lungs, and bronchoscopy was performed once again. A non-necrotic epithelioid granuloma and Mycobacterium intracellulare were detected in the biopsy specimen. He was diagnosed with NTM disease. It is important to note that tracheobronchial ulcers may cause hemoptysis and to identify the etiology and treat it appropriately when multiple bacteria are found.
Assuntos
Aspergilose/diagnóstico , Aspergillus fumigatus/isolamento & purificação , Broncopatias/diagnóstico , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/diagnóstico , Complexo Mycobacterium avium/isolamento & purificação , Úlcera/diagnóstico , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Aspergilose/complicações , Aspergilose/tratamento farmacológico , Broncopatias/complicações , Broncopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Broncoscopia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/complicações , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/tratamento farmacológico , Úlcera/complicações , Úlcera/tratamento farmacológico , Voriconazol/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: This study aimed to compare the efficacies of cryobiopsy and forceps biopsy for peripheral lung cancer detection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of peripheral lung cancer cases between December 2017 and April 2019 was conducted. Forceps biopsy was performed followed by cryobiopsy using a guide sheath (GS). Diagnostic yields were compared between cryobiopsy and forceps biopsy. RESULTS: A total of 53 lung cancer lesions were evaluated. The diagnostic yields of forceps biopsy and cryobiopsy were 86.8% and 81.1%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that cryobiopsy with a GS was significantly associated with increased diagnostic yield (odds ratio(OR)=11.6; p=0.044). Among the four patients who tested positive on cryobiopsy and negative on forceps biopsy, one had diffused pulmonary metastases and the others showed intratumoural air bronchograms. CONCLUSION: Cryobiopsy using a GS can significantly increase diagnostic yield and help identify lesions with intratumoural air bronchograms and external wall lesions.
Assuntos
Biópsia/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Pulmão/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Broncoscopia/métodos , Criocirurgia/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Instrumentos CirúrgicosRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: The present study aimed to prospectively examine the usefulness of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release (IGR) as a biomarker in non-small-cell lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment (ICI-Tx). PATIENTS AND METHODS: IGR was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at four time points: within 14 days before ICI-Tx (T1), and 8±3 (T2), 22±7 (T3), and 43±7 (T4) days after ICI-Tx. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients were divided into three groups based on IFN-γ levels in the IGR-positive control: Group-1 (n=8) with <10 IU/ml at T1, Group-2 (n=12) with a decrease in IFN-γ levels to <10 IU/ml at T3 and/or T4, and Group-3 (n=9) without changes in IFN-γ levels. Early progression and ICI-induced interstitial pneumonitis were frequently observed in Group-1 and Group-2, respectively. Group-3 exhibited more treatment cycles than the other groups. All three groups showed clear differences in clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: IFN-γ levels could be a biomarker for ICI-Tx.