Relationship between eating disorders and internet and smartphone addiction in college students.

PURPOSE: This study was planned and conducted to determine the relation between eating behavior disorder and smartphones and the internet in college students. METHODS: This research was performed on a total of 437 college students, including 116 males and 321 females. A questionnaire questioning the general characteristics (age, sex, department, socioeconomic status, skipping meal, number of main meals and snacks in a day, sleeping duration, doing physical activity, height, and body weight) of students was used. In addition, Eating Attitude Test-40 (EAT-40), Young's Internet Addiction Scale, and Smartphone Addiction Scale were used to measure eating behavior disorders, internet addiction, and smartphone addiction, respectively. Height and body weight were measured in accordance with the method. RESULTS: 12.6% of the students participating in the study were at risk for eating disorders. Female students had higher EAT-40 scores than male students. 13% of students had potential internet addiction. According to Pearson chi-square test, the prevalence of potential internet addiction (36.4%) in students with eating disorder was higher than those without eating disorder (9.7%) (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation analyses displayed that Smartphone Addiction Test score associated positively with EAT-40 score (r = 0.277) and Internet Addiction Test score (r = 0.665) and students' body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.121). In addition to these, students' duration of staying on the internet correlated with their BMI (r = 0.137). Males had a higher rate of potential internet addiction than females (22.4% in males and 9.7% in females, respectively) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that students' duration of using the internet affects smartphone addiction and internet addiction, both of which influence eating behavior disorder. In addition, both smartphone and internet addiction and eating behavior disorder correlated positively and significantly with overweight. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V: cross-sectional descriptive study.

Surface molecularly imprinted magnetic microspheres for the recognition of albumin.

A new approach, combining metal coordination with the molecular imprinting technique, was developed to prepare affinity materials. Magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres in monosize form were used for specific recognition toward the target protein. The magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres were prepared by dispersion polymerization in the presence of magnetite nanopowder. Surface imprinted magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres based on metal coordination were prepared and used for the selective recognition of human serum albumin. Iminodiacetic acid was used as the metal coordinating agent and human serum albumin was anchored by Cu(2+) ions on the surface of magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres by metal coordination. The magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres were coated with a polymer formed by condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The human serum albumin imprinted magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and particle size analysis. The maximum adsorption capacity of human serum albumin imprinted magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres was 37.7 mg/g polymer at pH 6.0. The selectivity experiments of human serum albumin imprinted magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres prepared with different concentrations in the presence of lysozyme, bovine serum albumin and cytochrome C were performed in order to determine the relative selectivity coefficients.

The Relationship Between the Oxytocin Level and Rejection Sensitivity, Childhood Traumas, and Attachment Styles in Borderline Personality Disorder.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, it is aimed to investigate the relationship between the oxytocin level and the rejection sensitivity, childhood mental traumas, and attachment styles in patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD). METHODS: Participants between the ages of 18-30 were included in the study. The patient group consists of 31 participants and the healthy control group consists of 31 participants. Sociodemographic/Clinical Variables Questionnaire, Relationship Scales Questionnaire, Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were administered to the participants included in the study. Serum oxytocin levels of the participants were measured using the Elisa method. RESULTS: The oxytocin levels were found to be significantly lower in patients with BPD than in healthy control subjects, whereas the rejection sensitivity and childhood traumas were found to be significantly higher. No difference was found between the patient and control groups in terms of attachment styles, yet it was determined that there may be differences between the oxytocin levels of the BPD patients according to the attachment styles the patients have. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the findings of this study revealed that the rejection sensitivity in BPD patients is not associated with oxytocin levels and childhood traumas, indicating the need to assess the BPD patients in terms of other biopsychosocial factors related to the etiopathogenesis of BPD.

Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) of Female College Students According to Obesity and Exercise Participation.

BACKGROUND: Individuals participating in exercise are more likely to lead a healthy lifestyle to achieve their exercise-related goals. This study aimed to examine the differences in dietary quality of female university students by exercise involvement and body mass index (BMI). METHODS: This study was conducted with 360 female university students in Turkey. Students were asked to complete a questionnaire containing general characteristics and food consumption records. The "Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015)" score was calculated using the results of food consumption records. RESULTS: The findings showed that the ratio of individuals who exercised regularly was 34.2%. The ratio (44.2%) of regularly exercising participants with moderate/good diet quality was greater than that of regularly exercising participants with poor diet quality (30.6%) (P=0.016). There was no significant difference between the scores of overall diet quality according to BMI classification (P>0.05). The score (45.3±13.4) for overall diet quality of those participating in exercise in the group with normal body weight was higher than the score (41.5±12.1) for overall diet quality of those not participating in exercise (P=0.026). Those participating in exercise in the group with normal body weight consumed more greens and beans, whole grains, dairy products, seafood/vegetable proteins, and refined grains than those not participating in exercise (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The rate of overall participation in physical activity was low. However, students participating in physical activity and with a normal body weight had a better diet quality. Creating an ideal environment that encourages students to participate in physical activity at universities can be an effective method for improving their diet quality.

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensor for the Clinical Detection of Insulin.

In this study, we reported the design of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors for selective insulin detection. In the first step, N-methacryloyl-(L) 3-histidine methyl ester (MAH) monomer was formed a complex with insulin. Then, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were mixed with MAH:insulin complex. Insulin-imprinted and non-imprinted QCM sensors were synthesized by ultraviolet polymerization for the insulin detection. Insulin-imprinted QCM sensors was characterized by the contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy and ellipsometry. Limit of detection (LOD) was found as 0.00158 ng/mL for the insulin-imprinted QCM sensors. Selectivity of insulin-imprinted and non-imprinted QCM sensors was carried in the presence of glucagon and aprotinin. Insulin-imprinted QCM sensor for insulin detection was also examined in the artificial plasma.

The Relationship Between Peritraumatic Dissociation and Anxiety Level, Perceived Stress, Anxiety Sensitivity and Coping with Earthquake Stress in Post-Earthquake Acute Stress Disorder Patients. / Deprem Sonrasi Akut Stres Bozuklugu Olanlarda Travma Esnasindaki Çözülmenin, Anksiyete Düzeyi, Algilanan Stres, Anksiyete Duyarliligi ve Deprem Stresiyle Bas Etme ile Iliskisi.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to determine the effects of anxiety sensitivity, anxiety level, perceived stress and coping strategies on peritraumatic dissociation in post-earthquake acute stress disorder (ASD) patients. METHOD: Sociodemographic data form, Beck Anxiety Index (BAI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3), Coping with Earthquake Stress Scale, and Peritraumatic Dissociation Scale (PDEQ) were applied to 477 patients diagnosed with ASD. RESULTS: Anxiety sensitivity cognitive sub-dimension explained 31.5%, anxiety explained 7%, and perceived stress explained 1% of the variation in peritraumatic dissolution development. A moderate positive correlation was determined between peritraumatic dissolution and anxiety, a weak positive correlation was found between peritraumatic dissolution and perceived stress, a weak positive correlation was determined between peritraumatic dissolution and positive thinking, and a very weak negative correlation was determined between peritraumatic dissolution and seeking social support. A moderate positive correlation was determined between peritraumatic dissolution and physical, cognitive and social sub-dimensions of anxiety sensitivity. CONCLUSION: The most important finding in the study was the fact that the highest contribution to the development of peritraumatic dissolution was by the cognitive sub-dimension of anxiety sensitivity. It could be suggested that individuals with high anxiety sensitivity may experience higher peritraumatic dissolution and these individuals could have a higher risk of PTSD later on.

Molecularly imprinted cryogel beads for cholesterol removal from milk samples.

This study presents the development of a cholesterol-selective adsorbent that can be easily produced for the highly efficient removal of cholesterol from milk. A fundamental affinity separation technology which was combined with the specific recognition property of molecular imprinting with a high flow rate and the resulting cryogel was used to separate cholesterol separation from milk samples. The proposed material offers a reasonable pore size and structure, high surface area, and mechanical and chemical stability. To separation the cholesterol from milk, poly(2-hyroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-l-tryptophan methylester) cryogel beads were prepared using a functional monomer that allowed the formation of cholesterol-selective binding sites and enhanced the selective removal of cholesterol from milk. Characterization studies of the cholesterol-imprinted cryogel beads (CHO-MIPs) were carried out by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, water-uptake tests and surface area measurements. The interactions between CHO-MIP and cholesterol were investigated and the factors affecting the adsorption of cholesterol were determined to find optimum conditions. Reusability as a measure of the continuity of the prepared CHO-MIPs was also investigated. The selectivity of the CHO-MIP beads was determined by using competing molecules (estradiol and progesterone), which are cholesterol analogues. The experimental data showed that the specific areas of the CHO-MIP and non-imprinted (NIP) cryogel beads were 17.6 and 14.7 m2/g, respectively. The CHO-MIP cryogel beads were 4.77 and 2.76 fold more selective for cholesterol compared to estradiol and progesterone respectively. The cholesterol adsorption capacity of the CHO-MIP beads was 288.72 mg/g when the cholesterol concentration in solution was 3.0 mg/mL. After eight adsorption-desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity of the CHO-MIP beads decreased by 9.21 %. The Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm model was well fitted as compare to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The obtained kinetics data showed that a pseudo-second order mechanism was predominant for the CHO-MIP cryogel bead adsorption.

Molecularly imprinted polymer based quartz crystal microbalance sensor for the clinical detection of insulin.

In this study, quartz crystal microbalance sensors based on molecular imprinting technology were fabricated for real-time detection of insulin in aqueous solution and artificial plasma. This study describes the preparation of insulin imprinted poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-N-methacryloyl-(l)-histidine methyl ester based quartz crystal microbalance sensor for insulin determination. Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-N-methacryloyl-(l)-histidine methyl ester based film on chip surface was synthesized by ultra violet (UV) polymerization for the detection of insulin at low concentrations. At the first step, N-methacryloyl-(l)-histidine methyl ester complex was formed with insulin and then, the insulin imprinted film has been prepared. The characterization of the polymeric film has been conducted with ellipsometry, contact angle, Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance and atomic force microscopy measurements. Langmuir, Freundlich and Langmuir-Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were applied for this system. The best fitted model to explain the interactions between molecular imprinted chip and insulin molecules was the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2: 0.999). The repeatability of insulin imprinted chip was investigated by using of equilibration-binding-regeneration cycles for four times. The detection limit was found as 0.00158 ng/mL. According to the results, the QCM sensor has showed low-detection limit, high selectivity and sensitivity for insulin assay.

Ethanol production from rice hull using Pichia stipitis and optimization of acid pretreatment and detoxification processes.

The goal of this study was to produce ethanol from rice hull hydrolysates (RHHs) using Pichia stipitis strains and to optimize dilute acid hydrolysis and detoxification processes by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized conditions were found as 127.14°C, solid:liquid ratio of 1:10.44 (w/v), acid ratio of 2.52% (w/v), and hydrolysis time of 22.01 min. At these conditions, the fermentable sugar concentration was 21.87 g/L. Additionally, the nondetoxified RHH at optimized conditions contained 865.2 mg/L phenolics, 24.06 g/L fermentable sugar, no hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), 1.62 g/L acetate, 0.36 g/L lactate, 1.89 g/L glucose, and 13.49 g/L fructose + xylose. Furthermore, RHH was detoxified with various methods and the best procedures were found to be neutralization with CaO or charcoal treatment in terms of the reduction of inhibitory compounds as compared to nondetoxified RHH. After detoxification procedures, the content of hydrolysates consisted of 557.2 and 203.1 mg/L phenolics, 19.7 and 21.60 g/L fermentable sugar, no HMF, 0.98 and 1.39 g/L acetate, 0 and 0.04 g/L lactate, 1.13 and 1.03 g/L glucose, and 8.46 and 12.09 g/L fructose + xylose, respectively. Moreover, the base-line mediums (control), and nondetoxified and detoxified hydrolysates were used to produce ethanol by using P. stipitis strains. The highest yields except that of base-line mediums were achieved using neutralization (35.69 and 38.33% by P. stipitis ATCC 58784 and ATCC 58785, respectively) and charcoal (37.55% by P. stipitis ATCC 58785) detoxification methods. Results showed that the rice hull can be utilized as a good feedstock for ethanol production using P. stipitis. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:872-882, 2016.

Cold nights impair leaf growth and cell cycle progression in maize through transcriptional changes of cell cycle genes.

Low temperature inhibits the growth of maize (Zea mays) seedlings and limits yield under field conditions. To study the mechanism of cold-induced growth retardation, we exposed maize B73 seedlings to low night temperature (25 degrees C /4 degrees C, day/night) from germination until the completion of leaf 4 expansion. This treatment resulted in a 20% reduction in final leaf size compared to control conditions (25 degrees C/18 degrees C, day/night). A kinematic analysis of leaf growth rates in control and cold-treated leaves during daytime showed that cold nights affected both cell cycle time (+65%) and cell production (-22%). In contrast, the size of mature epidermal cells was unaffected. To analyze the effect on cell cycle progression at the molecular level, we identified through a bioinformatics approach a set of 43 cell cycle genes and analyzed their expression in proliferating, expanding, and mature cells of leaves exposed to either control or cold nights. This analysis showed that: (1) the majority of cell cycle genes had a consistent proliferation-specific expression pattern; and (2) the increased cell cycle time in the basal meristem of leaves exposed to cold nights was associated with differential expression of cell cycle inhibitors and with the concomitant down-regulation of positive regulators of cell division.