Harvesting Magneto-Acoustic Waves Using Magnetic 2D Chromium Telluride (CrTe3).

A vast majority of electrical devices have integrated magnetic units, which generate constant magnetic fields with noticeable vibrations. The majority of existing nanogenerators acquire energy through friction/mechanical forces and most of these instances overlook acoustic vibrations and magnetic fields. Magnetic two-dimensional (2D) tellurides present a wide range of possibilities for devising a potential flexible energy harvester. 2D chromium telluride (2D CrTe3) is synthesized, which exhibits ferromagnetic behavior with a higher T c of ≈224 K. The structure exhibits stable high remnant magnetization, making 2D CrTe3 a potential material for harvesting magneto-acoustic waves. A magneto-acoustic nanogenerator (MANG) is fabricated and the basic mechanical stability and sensitivity of the device with change in load conditions are tested. A high surface charge density of 2.919 mC m-2 is obtained for the device. The thermal strain created in the lattice structure is examined using in-situ Raman spectroscopy. The magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) responsible for long-range FM ordering is calculated by theoretical modelling with insights into opening of electronic bandgap which enhances the flexoelectric effects. The MANG can be a potential NG to synergistically tap into the magneto-acoustic vibrations generated from the frequency changes of a vibrating device such as loudspeakers.

Shape memory effect nanotools for nano-creation: examples of nanowire-based devices with charge density waves.

Nanotweezers based on the shape memory effect have been developed and tested. In combination with a commercial nanomanipulator, they allow 3D nanoscale operation controlled in a scanning electron microscope. Here we apply the tweezers for the fabrication of nanostructures based on whiskers of NbS3, a quasi one-dimensional compound with room-temperature charge density wave (CDW). The nanowhiskers were separated without damage from the growth batch, an entangled array, and safely transferred to a substrate with a preliminary deposited Au film. The contacts were fabricated with Pt sputtering on top of the whisker and the film. The high degree of synchronization of the sliding CDW under a RF field with a frequency up to 600 MHz confirms the high quality of the contacts and of the sample structure after the manipulations. The proposed technique paves the way to novel type micro- and nanostructures fabrication and their various applications.

High-Pressure Synthesis of Magnetic Neodymium Polyhydrides.

Ongoing search for room-temperature superconductivity is inspired by the unique properties of the electron-phonon interaction in metal superhydrides. Encouraged by the recently found highest-TC superconductor fcc-LaH10, here we discover several superhydrides of another lanthanoid, neodymium. We identify three novel metallic Nd-H phases at pressures ranging from 85 to 135 GPa: I4/mmm-NdH4, C2/c-NdH7, and P63/mmc-NdH9, synthesized by laser-heating metal samples in NH3BH3 media for in situ generation of hydrogen. A lower trihydride Fm3̅m-NdH3 is found at pressures from 2 to 52 GPa. I4/mmm-NdH4 and C2/c-NdH7 are stable from 135 to 85 GPa, and P63/mmc-NdH9 is stable from 110 to 130 GPa. Measurements of the electrical resistance of NdH9 demonstrate a possible superconducting transition at ∼4.5 K in P63/mmc-NdH9. Our theoretical calculations predict that all of the neodymium hydrides have antiferromagnetic order at pressures below 150 GPa and represent one of the first discovered examples of strongly correlated superhydrides with large exchange spin-splitting in the electronic band structure (>450 meV). The critical Néel temperatures for new neodymium hydrides are estimated using the mean-field approximation to be about 4 K (NdH4), 251 K (NdH7), and 136 K (NdH9).

Stability and magnetism of FeN high-pressure phases.

Most of the experimentally discovered compounds in the iron-nitrogen system belong to the low concentration part of the Fe-N phase diagram. In our paper, which is based on ab initio calculations, we have studied the formation and stability of high-pressure iron mono-nitride phases, and in particular a new magnetic phase with a NiAs-type structure. We have investigated the role of dynamic, thermodynamic and electronic properties, such as electronic correlations and pressure-induced phase stabilisation. Additionally, we have demonstrated that the new hexagonal FeN phase is stable over a wide range of external pressures and can persist at zero pressure as a metastable phase. Further, we have shown that this phase has a relatively low Curie temperature and may possess non-collinear magnetism.

Fingerprint Raman spectroscopy for two-dimensional MoS2xSe2(1-x)alloys.

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and alloys based on them, is a promising platform for creating opto- and nanoelectronic devices. For layered alloys, there is a strong need to theoretically determine the frequencies of vibrational modes and dependences of their energies on the stoichiometric composition. By comparing experimentally measured Raman modes with theoretical predictions, it becomes possible to determine the stoichiometric composition of the manufactured alloys. In this work, we investigated the vibrational properties of monolayer MoS2xSe2(1-x)alloys utilizing density functional theory method and confirmed them experimentally by Raman spectroscopy. The dependence of A1' and E12g'dactylographic' modes on the stoichiometric composition of alloys has been calculated. When in pure MoSe2structure Se atoms are substituted by S atoms, the in-plane E12g(S-Mo), E12g(Se-Mo) and out-plane A1' (S-Mo) modes shifted linearly inxto higher frequencies, while the out-plane A1' (Se-Mo) mode did the same in nonlinear way. We also identified the E12g(Se-Mo-S) mode, which specific for the MoS2xSe2(1-x)alloys and does not appear in pure two-component TMDs.

Phase Transformation in TiNi Nano-Wafers for Nanomechanical Devices with Shape Memory Effect.

Recently, Ti-Ni based intermetallic alloys with shape memory effect (SME) have attracted much attention as promising functional materials for the development of record small nanomechanical tools, such as nanotweezers, for 3D manipulation of the real nano-objects. The problem of the fundamental restrictions on the minimal size of the nanomechanical device with SME for manipulation is connected with size effects which are observed in small samples of Ti-Ni based intermetallic alloys with thermoplastic structural phase transition from austenitic high symmetrical phase to low symmetrical martensitic phase. In the present work, by combining density functional theory and molecular dynamics modelling, austenite has been shown to be more stable than martensite in nanometer-sized TiNi wafers. In this case, the temperature of the martensitic transition asymptotically decreases with a decrease in the plate thickness h, and the complete suppression of the phase transition occurs for a plate with a thickness of 2 nm, which is in qualitative agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, the theoretical values obtained indicate the potential for even greater minimization of nanomechanical devices based on SME in TiNi.

Analysis of Ionicity-Magnetism Competition in 2D-MX3 Halides towards a Low-Dimensional Materials Study Based on GPU-Enabled Computational Systems.

The acceleration of parallel high-throughput first-principle calculations in the context of 3D (three dimensional) periodic boundary conditions for low-dimensional systems, and particularly 2D materials, is an important issue for new material design. Where the scalability rapidly deflated due to the use of large void unit cells along with a significant number of atoms, which should mimic layered structures in the vacuum space. In this report, we explored the scalability and performance of the Quantum ESPRESSO package in the hybrid central processing unit - graphics processing unit (CPU-GPU) environment. The study carried out in the comparison to CPU-based systems for simulations of 2D magnets where significant improvement of computational speed was achieved based on the IBM ESSL SMP CUDA library. As an example of physics-related results, we have computed and discussed the ionicity-covalency and related ferro- (FM) and antiferro-magnetic (AFM) exchange competitions computed for some CrX3 compounds. Further, it has been demonstrated how this exchange interplay leads to high-order effects for the magnetism of the 1L-RuCl3 compound.

Inq, a Modern GPU-Accelerated Computational Framework for (Time-Dependent) Density Functional Theory.

We present inq, a new implementation of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) written from scratch to work on graphic processing units (GPUs). Besides GPU support, inq makes use of modern code design features and takes advantage of newly available hardware. By designing the code around algorithms, rather than against specific implementations and numerical libraries, we aim to provide a concise and modular code. The result is a fairly complete DFT/TDDFT implementation in roughly 12 000 lines of open-source C++ code representing a modular platform for community-driven application development on emerging high-performance computing architectures.

Molecular-scale dynamics of light-induced spin cross-over in a two-dimensional layer.

Spin cross-over molecules show the unique ability to switch between two spin states when submitted to external stimuli such as temperature, light or voltage. If controlled at the molecular scale, such switches would be of great interest for the development of genuine molecular devices in spintronics, sensing and for nanomechanics. Unfortunately, up to now, little is known on the behaviour of spin cross-over molecules organized in two dimensions and their ability to show cooperative transformation. Here we demonstrate that a combination of scanning tunnelling microscopy measurements and ab initio calculations allows discriminating unambiguously between both states by local vibrational spectroscopy. We also show that a single layer of spin cross-over molecules in contact with a metallic surface displays light-induced collective processes between two ordered mixed spin-state phases with two distinct timescale dynamics. These results open a way to molecular scale control of two-dimensional spin cross-over layers.