Meta-analysis of the prevalence and risk factors associated with bovine neosporosis.

Neospora caninum is one of the main infectious agents that cause reproductive disorders in cattle. However, knowledge about the prevalence and causal factors of bovine neosporosis is needed in order to establish control measures. The purpose of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence and determine the risk factors of bovine neosporosis using meta-analytic methods. Searches for data on N. caninum seroprevalence and potential risk factors were conducted in the PubMed, LILACS, and SciElo databases. The random effects model was used for the meta-analysis of the included studies. The pooled prevalence of N. caninum in cattle was 24% (95% confidence interval (CI), 19-29) in North and Central America, 24% (95% CI, 20-28) in South America, 18% (95% CI, 14-21) in Asia, 15% (95% CI, 12-18) in Europe, 13% (95% CI, 11-16) in Africa, and 8% (95% CI, 4-14) in Oceania. A significant correlation was found between N. caninum infection and abortion in cows (odds ratio (OR) = 2.66, 95% CI, 1.97-3.59). The following risk factors were signicantly associated with N. caninum seroprevalence: presence of dogs on the farm (OR = 2.84; 95% CI, 1.40-5.80) and the type of cattle production system, with dairy cattle being more susceptible to bovine neosporosis (OR = 1.60; 95% CI, 1.16-2.19) than beef cattle. The adoption of measures to prevent the dissemination of N. caninum in cattle herds is suggested, aiming to reduce the economic losses incurred to the dairy and beef industry.

Prevalence of Rickettsia rickettsii in Ticks: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background and Objectives:Rickettsia rickettsii is a pathogen that is known to cause spotted fever, a zoonosis that is endemic in several regions of the Americas. However, no systematic review and meta-analysis has been conducted to estimate the prevalence of this rickettsial disease in the Americas. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of R. rickettsii in ticks in the Americas. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed and data were retrieved from four electronic databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, and Directory of Open Access Journals. The pooled prevalence and heterogeneity were determined using a random-effects model and using Cochran's Q test and I2 index, respectively. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and Egger's method. Results: The pooled prevalence of R. rickettsii in ticks was highest in Colombia (17.00%; confidence interval [95% CI]: 7.01-30.24), followed by Mexico (9.89%; 95% CI: 2.03-22.74), Panama (2.76%; 95% CI: 0.45-6.93), Brazil (2.03%; 95% CI: 0.66-4.14), and the United States (0.50%; 95% CI: 0.15-1.05). The tick species most frequently infected by R. rickettsii were Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (6.23%; 95% CI: 2.79-10.92) and Amblyomma mixtum (4.36%; 95% CI: 0.25-13.14). Interpretation and Conclusion: It can be suggested that studies aiming to identify the potential vectors of R. rickettsii should be conducted more intensively to better understand the epidemiology of spotted fever in the Americas.

Brazilian spotted fever: A spatial analysis of human cases and vectors in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) is a highly lethal disease caused by Rickettsia spp. and is transmitted by ticks of the genus Amblyomma. Understanding the epidemiology of BSF in each region can help direct health surveillance actions. The objective of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of vectors and the incidence of BSF in the state of São Paulo. Spatial analysis included confirmed BSF cases between 2009 and 2019; occurrences were registered by municipalities of the state. There were 752 confirmed BSF cases, with incidences ranging between 0.01 and 10.37/10,000 inhabitants. Moran's Global Index for BSF was 0.20 (p = .001), which was indicative of spatial dependence. Moran's map located a cluster of 20 high priority municipalities for BSF and showed that Amblyomma sculptum is the vector involved in Rickettsia rickettsii transmission in these locations. Spatial analysis identified clusters formed by 47, 20 and seven significant municipalities for the presence of A. sculptum, Amblyomma aureolatum and Amblyomma ovale vectors, respectively. Surveillance and prevention actions are necessary in areas that are at high risk for BSF and in areas where the presence of vectors was significant.

Construção e validação de cenário de telessimulação no contexto da criança com estomia intestinal / Construcción y validación del escenario de telesimulación en el contexto de niños con estomia intestinal / Construction and validation of telessimulation scenario in the context of children with intestinal stoma

Objetivo: Descrever a construção e validação de um cenário de telessimulação para a assistência de enfermagem à criança com colostomia. Método: Estudo metodológico desenvolvido em três etapas: elaboração, validação e teste piloto do cenário. Resultados: O roteiro docenário foi construído e posteriormente aprovado por três estomaterapeutas com percentil de 95%. Subsequente o cenário foi validado por telessimulação com cinco peritas e atingiu índice de validade de conteúdo de 0,88. Após a validação foi realizado teste piloto com três acadêmicas de enfermagem. Conclusão: A validação do cenário atingiu um percentil satisfatório e permitiu organizar e corrigir a estrutura da telessimulação, priorizando a soma de experiências e o desenvolvimento profissional de estudantes. Foi tracejado que a utilização da telessimulação consiste em uma promissora alternativa como método ativo de ensino simultâneo à simulação clínica tradicional.

Purpose: Describe the construction and validation of a telesimulation scenario for nursing care for children with colostomy. Methods: Methodological study developed in three stages: elaboration, validation and pilot test of the scenario. Results: The scenario script was constructed and subsequently approved by three stomatherapists with a 95% percentile. Subsequent scenario was validated by telessimulation by five experts and reached a content validity index of 0.88. After validation, a pilot test was performet with three nursing students. Conclusion: The validation of the scenario reached a satisfactory percentile and allowed the organizing and correcting of the structure of the telessimulation, prioritizing the sum of experiences and the professional development of students. It was traced that the use of telessimulation consists of a promising alternative as an active method of simultaneous teaching to traditional clinical simulation.

Objetivo: Describir la construcción y validación de un escenario de telesimulación para la atención de enfermería de niños con colostomia. Método: Estudio metodológico desarrollado en tres etapas: elaboración, validación y prueba piloto del escenario. Resultados: El guión del escenario fue construido y posteriormente aprobado por tres estomaterapeutas con un percentil del 95%. El escenario posterior fue validado por telesimulación por cinco peritas y alcanzó un índice de validez de contenido de 0,88. Después de la validación, se realizo uma prueba piloto com tres estudiantes de enfermería. Conclusión: La validación del escenario alcanzó un percentil satisfactorio y permitió la organización y corrección de la estructura de la telesimulación, priorizando la suma de experiencias y el desarrollo profesional de los estudiantes. Se trazó que el uso de la telesibulación consiste en una alternativa prometedora como método activo de enseñanza simultánea a la simulación clínica tradicional.

Conhecimento e reflexões sobre estomias de eliminação: uma abordagem em grupo com enfermeiras / Conocimiento y reflexiones sobre estomas de eliminación: un enfoque de grupo con enfermeras / Knowledge and reflections on elimination stomas: a group approach with nurses

Objetivo: Relatar os saberes e vivências de enfermeiras sobre estomias de eliminação durante a participação em uma educação permanente em saúde. Método: Estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, de caráter analítico e interpretativo, desenvolvido com enfermeiras. Foi construído um grupo focal para a realização da atividade de educação permanente. Resultados: A partir da análise, surgiram três categorias temáticas: experiências com estomias de eliminação, desafios que envolvem o cuidado da pessoa com estomia de eliminação e percepções sobre o grupo focal. Conclusão: A educação permanente favoreceu o aprofundamento do conhecimento e o amadurecimento profissional das participantes, promoveu discussões e debates que podem melhorar a prática clínica e reflexões quanto ao papel do enfermeiro sobre a assistência à pessoa com estomia de eliminação. (AU)

Purpose: To provide a report on nurses' knowledge and experiences about elimination stoma during their participation in permanent health education. Methods: An analytical, interpretative, and descriptive study with a qualitative approach developed with six nurses. A focus group was built to carry out the permanent education program. Results: Three thematic categories emerged from the analysis: a) experiences with elimination stoma, b) challenges involving the care of the person with a stoma; and c) perceptions on the focus group. Conclusion: The permanent education program favored knowledge development and the professional growth of the participants; it also promoted discussions and debates that can improve clinical practice, and reflections on the role of nurses in the care of people with elimination stoma(AU)

Objetivo: Reportar los conocimientos y experiencias de las enfermeras sobre las estomas de eliminación durante la participación en una educación permanente en salud. Método: Estudio descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo, de caráter analítico e interpretativo, desarrollado con enfermeras. Se construyó un grupo focal para realizar la actividad de educación permanente. Resultados: Del análisis surgieron tres categorías temáticas: experiencias con estoma de eliminación, desafíos relacionados con el cuidado de la persona con estoma de eliminación y percepciones sobre el grupo focal. Conclusión: La educación permanente favoreció la profundización en el conocimiento y la maduración profesional de las participantes, promovió discusiones y debates que pueden mejorar la práctica clínica, y reflexiones sobre el papel de las enfermeras en el cuidado de las personas con estoma de eliminación.(AU)

Quedas em idosos institucionalizados: ocorrência e consequências / Caídas en los ancianos institucionalizados: ocurrencia y consecuencias / Falls in institutionalized elderly: occurrence and consequences

Objetivo: investigar a ocorrência de quedas em idosos residentes em uma instituição de longa permanência. Método: estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo, exploratório, que revisou prontuários de idosos institucionalizados em Goiás, quanto à existência de quedas. Resultados: entre os 65 prontuários investigados, entre os anos 2014 a 2018, 32,3% tiveram registro de quedas, com recorrência de quedas em 47,6% dos idosos. Os principais agravos decorrentes das quedas foram ferimentos cortantes 32% e escoriações 14%. Conclusão: os agravos relacionados às quedas variaram entre lesões cutâneas a fraturas, reforçando a importância da implantação de protocolos, com vista à prevenção de quedas. A revisão dos prontuários demonstrou lacunas nos registros das informações, o que não permitiu a identificação de informações relativas aos horários das quedas, tipo de atendimento prestado e o desfecho desses casos.(AU)

Objective: to investigate the occurrence of falls in elderly residents in a long-stay institution. Method: quantitative, retrospective, exploratory study, which reviewed medical records of institutionalized elderly in Goiás, regarding the existence of falls. Results: among the 65 medical records investigated, between the years 2014 to 2018, 32.3% had a record of falls, with recurrence of falls in 47.6% of the elderly. The main injuries resulting from the falls were sharp wounds 32% and abrasions 14%. Conclusion: the injuries related to recorded falls varied between skin lesions to fractures, reinforcing the importance of the implementation of protocols with a view to preventing falls. The review of medical records showed gaps in information records, and did not allow the identification of information related to the times of falls, type of care provided and the outcome of these cases.(AU)

Objetivo: investigar la ocurrencia de caídas em ancianos residentes em una institución de larga estancia. Método: estudio cuantitativo, retrospectivo, exploratorio, que revisó los registros médicos de ancianos institucionalizados en Goiás, sobre la existencia de caídas. Resultados: se investigaron los registros de caídas en 65 registros médicos entre 2014 y 2018, el 32,3% tuvo un registro de caídas, con recurrencia de las caídas en el 47,6% de los ancianos. Las principales lesiones resultantes de las caídas fueron lesiones bruscas 32% y abrasiones 14%. Conclusión: las lesiones relacionadas con las caídas registradas variaron entre lesiones cutáneas y fracturas, reforzando la importancia de la implementación de protocolos con miras a prevenir caídas. La revisión de los registros médicos mostró lagunas en los registros de información, y no permitió la identificación de información de los momentos en que hubo las caídas, el tipo de atención proporcionada y el resultado de estos casos.(AU)

Autopercepção do estresse ocupacional na equipe de enfermagem de um serviço de emergência / Self-perceived occupational stress in the nursing team of an emergency service / Estrés ocupacional autopercibido en el equipo de enfermería de un servicio de emergência

Objetivo: identificar o perfil e a autopercepção do estresse na equipe de enfermagem atuante em setor de emergência. Método: pesquisa transversal e descritiva com abordagem quantitativa, por meio da aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado, entre os meses de outubro a dezembro de 2018, em Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Resultados: a maioria dos profissionais foram mulheres, casadas, na faixa etária de 31 a 40 anos, com filhos, ensino médio completo e com até 3 anos de experiência profissional na área de enfermagem. Prevaleceu vínculo empregatício único e fixo. Todos os profissionais apontaram ao menos uma manifestação de estresse, seja por alterações cognitivas, físicas, emocionais ou comportamentais que afetam diretamente o desempenho laboral. Conclusão: o perfil do ambiente, a sobrecarga e intenso ritmo de trabalho repercutem negativamente na saúde destes trabalhadores. Diante disso, a rápida identificação e avaliação dos casos é imprescindível para a implementação de estratégias, com vistas à beneficiar a saúde do trabalhador e garantir melhorias no clima laboral.

Objective: to identify the profile and self-perception of stress in the nursing team working in the emergency sector. Method: cross-sectional and descriptive research with a quantitative approach, through the application of a semi-structured questionnaire, from October to December 2018, in Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso. Results: most of the professionals were women, married, aged 31 to 40 years, with children, complete high school and with up to 3 years of professional experience in the nursing area. There was a single and fixed employment relationship. All professionals indicated at least one manifestation of stress, whether due to cognitive, physical, emotional or behavioral changes that directly affect work performance. Conclusion: the environmental profile, the overload and the intense work pace negatively affect the health of these workers. Given this, the rapid identification and assessment of cases is essential for the implementation of strategies to benefit workers' health and ensure improvements in the working environment.

Objetivo: identificar el perfil y la autopercepción del estrés en el equipo de enfermería activo en el sector de emergencia. Método: investigación transversal y descriptiva con enfoque cuantitativo, a través de la aplicación de un cuestionario semiestructurado, de octubre a diciembre de 2018, em Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Resultados: la mayoría de los profesionales eran mujeres, casadas, en el grupo de edad de 31 a 40 años, con hijos, Escuela Secundaria Técnica, con experiencia profesional de hasta 3 años y empleo individual y fijo. Todos los profesionales mostraron al menos una manifestación de estrés, ya sea por alteraciones cognitivas, físicas, emocionales o conductuales que afectan directamente el rendimiento del trabajo. Conclusión: el perfil ambiental, la sobrecarga y el intenso ritmo de trabajo afectan negativamente la salud de estos trabajadores. Dado esto, la rápida identificación y evaluación de los casos es esencial para la implementación de estrategias que beneficien la salud de los trabajadores y aseguren mejoras en el clima laboral.

Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis on mice infected with Strongyloides venezuelensis.

The administration of viable Bifidobacterium animalis was tested to induce resistance against Strongyloides venezuelensis infection in mice. Effects on parasite burden, worm length, egg output, and intestinal mucosal histology were evaluated. The oral administration of B. animalis, strain 04450B, starting 14 days before the inoculation of nematode larvae significantly decreased the worm burden and egg output. In probiotic treated animals, the percent reduction of adult worms in the intestine was of 33% and the reduction of egg production was of 21%, compared with those of the control group. The duodenum villous height and villous/crypt ratio were significantly higher in probiotic-treated mice, indicating that this group could be experiencing less intestinal damage. The present findings revealed that the administration of B. animalis for the amelioration of host response to nematode infections is biologically plausible and could have some potential for impacting public health. Meanwhile, further study is needed to delineate the nature and identity of the factor(s) involved in these beneficial effects.

[Spatial distribution of anti-toxoplasma antibodies in pregnant women from Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil]. / Análise espacial da prevalência de toxoplasmose em gestantes de Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil.

PURPOSE: To analyze the spatial distribution of the prevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pregnant women from a Brazilian Northeast city, and to correlate such prevalence with average maternal age and place of residence. METHODS: A descriptive, analytical and ecological study was conducted from January 1st to December 31st 2012. Data were obtained retrospectively from the Medical Specialties Center database and processed with the Epi info statistical package (Epi 7, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA) and with Microsoft Excel 2010. The X2 test was applied to assess the association between the prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and the average age. Spatial analysis of infection prevalence was performed using the TerraView software, version 4.2.2, with Kernel density estimation, which estimates the quantity of events through maps in order to identify areas with the highest concentration of cases in the city. RESULTS: The seroprevalence of IgG was 68.5% (95%CI 67.2-69.8) and the prevalence of IgM was 0.36% (95%CI 0.23-0.6). A higher IgG prevalence was associated with increased age in the oldest neighborhoods of the state capital, whereas a higher IgG prevalence among younger women was detected in suburban neighborhoods. The spatial concentration of IgM antibodies was higher in suburban neighborhoods, with no significant correlation between seroprevalence and age. CONCLUSION: Geoprocessing allowed the identification of areas with the highest prevalence, as well as the most susceptible average age and it was also useful as an instrument for the evaluation and implementation of appropriate preventive measures for this municipality and for other regions of Brazil.

EFFECT OF Bifidobacterium animalis ON MICE INFECTED WITH Strongyloides venezuelensis / Efeito da administração de Bifidobacterium animalis sobre a infecção por Stongyloides venezuelensis em camundongos

The administration of viable Bifidobacterium animalis was tested to induce resistance against Strongyloides venezuelensis infection in mice. Effects on parasite burden, worm length, egg output, and intestinal mucosal histology were evaluated. The oral administration of B. animalis, strain 04450B, starting 14 days before the inoculation of nematode larvae significantly decreased the worm burden and egg output. In probiotic treated animals, the percent reduction of adult worms in the intestine was of 33% and the reduction of egg production was of 21%, compared with those of the control group. The duodenum villous height and villous/crypt ratio were significantly higher in probiotic-treated mice, indicating that this group could be experiencing less intestinal damage. The present findings revealed that the administration of B. animalis for the amelioration of host response to nematode infections is biologically plausible and could have some potential for impacting public health. Meanwhile, further study is needed to delineate the nature and identity of the factor(s) involved in these beneficial effects.

Os efeitos da administração de Bifidobacterium animalis viáveis sobre a infecção por Strongyloides venezuelensis foram avaliados em camundongos experimentalmente infectados. Os parâmetros analisados incluíram a carga parasitária, o comprimento dos vermes, a quantidade de ovos eliminados e a histologia da mucosa intestinal. A administração oral da cepa 04450B de B. animalis, iniciada 14 dias antes da inoculação de larvas do nematódeo, foi acompanhada de uma redução significativa do número de vermes que se estabeleceu no intestino e do número de ovos eliminados nas fezes. Nos animais tratados com o probiótico, o percentual de redução de vermes adultos no intestino foi de 33% e da produção de ovos foi de 21%, em comparação com os do grupo controle. O comprimento das vilosidades do duodeno e a relação vilus/cripta foram significativamente maiores nos animais tratados, indicando que nestes animais as lesões intestinais foram mais leves. Os resultados do presente trabalho revelaram que a administração de B. animalis com o propósito de modular a resposta do hospedeiro contra infecções por nematódeos é uma possibilidade biologicamente plausível com impacto potencial em saúde pública. No entanto, são ainda necessários mais estudos para esclarecer os mecanismos de ação destes microrganismos e identificar os fatores envolvidos na produção dos efeitos benéficos.

Análise espacial da prevalência de toxoplasmose em gestantes de Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil / Spatial distribution of anti-toxoplasma antibodies in pregnant women from Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil

OBJETIVO: Analisar a distribuição espacial da prevalência de anticorpos antitoxoplasma em gestantes residentes em uma cidade do Nordeste do Brasil, e correlacionar a prevalência de anticorpos antitoxoplasma com a faixa etária materna e o local de residência. MÉTODOS: Estudo ecológico, descritivo e analítico, desenvolvido no período de 01 janeiro a 31 de dezembro de 2012. As informações foram obtidas retrospectivamente de um banco de dados, e processadas com o pacote estatístico Epi info (Epi 7, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, EUA) e também em planilha do pacote Microsoft Office Excel, versão 2010. Para avaliar a associação entre a prevalência de anticorpos para a toxoplasmose e a faixa etária, foi aplicado o teste do X2. A análise espacial da prevalência dessa infecção foi realizada com o programa TerraView, versão 4.2.2, utilizando o estimador de intensidade Kernel, que permite estimar a quantidade de eventos em mapa para identificar áreas de maior concentração de casos no município. RESULTADOS: A soroprevalência encontrada para IgG foi de 68,5% (IC95% 67,2-69,8) e IgM de 0,36% (IC95% 0,23-0,6). Foi encontrado incremento da prevalência de IgG associado ao aumento da idade nos bairros mais antigos da capital. Entre as mulheres mais jovens, a maior prevalência foi nos bairros de periferia. Quanto ao anticorpo IgM, a concentração espacial foi mais elevada em bairros da periferia e não ocorreu associação significativa entre a soroprevalência e a idade. CONCLUSÃO: O geoprocessamento permitiu identificar as áreas de maior prevalência, assim como a faixa etária com maior suscetibilidade, servindo como instrumento de avaliação e implementação de medidas preventivas apropriadas para esse município ...

PURPOSE: To analyze the spatial distribution of the prevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pregnant women from a Brazilian Northeast city, and to correlate such prevalence with average maternal age and place of residence. METHODS: A descriptive, analytical and ecological study was conducted from January 1st to December 31st 2012. Data were obtained retrospectively from the Medical Specialties Center database and processed with the Epi info statistical package (Epi 7, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA) and with Microsoft Excel 2010. The X2 test was applied to assess the association between the prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and the average age. Spatial analysis of infection prevalence was performed using the TerraView software, version 4.2.2, with Kernel density estimation, which estimates the quantity of events through maps in order to identify areas with the highest concentration of cases in the city. RESULTS: The seroprevalence of IgG was 68.5% (95%CI 67.2-69.8) and the prevalence of IgM was 0.36% (95%CI 0.23-0.6). A higher IgG prevalence was associated with increased age in the oldest neighborhoods of the state capital, whereas a higher IgG prevalence among younger women was detected in suburban neighborhoods. The spatial concentration of IgM antibodies was higher in suburban neighborhoods, with no significant correlation between seroprevalence and age. CONCLUSION: Geoprocessing allowed the identification of areas with the highest prevalence, as well as the most susceptible average age and it was also useful as an instrument for the evaluation and implementation of appropriate preventive measures for this municipality and for other regions of Brazil. .