Clinical significance of sarcopenia in children with neuroblastic tumors.

PURPOSE: To elucidate the clinical significance of sarcopenia in children with neuroblastic tumors (NTs). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study and analyzed the z-scores for height, body weight, body mass index, and skeletal muscle index (HT-z, BW-z, BMI-z, and SMI-z) along with the clinical characteristics of 36 children with NTs. SMI-z was calculated from 138 computed tomography scans at diagnosis, during treatment, and at follow-up. The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group classification was used to identify high-risk groups. We analyzed the data at diagnosis for prognostic analysis and changes over time after diagnosis in the HT-z, BW-z, BMI-z, and SMI-z groups. RESULTS: Among the four parameters at diagnosis, only SMI-z predicted overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.34-0.99). SMI-z, HT-z, and BW-z significantly decreased over time after diagnosis (P < 0.05), while BMI-z did not (P = 0.11). In surviving high-risk NT cases without disease, SMI-z, HT-z, and BW-z significantly decreased over time (P < 0.05), while BMI-z did not (P = 0.43). CONCLUSION: In children with NT, the SMI-z at diagnosis was a significant prognostic factor and decreased during treatment and follow-up along with HT-z and BW-z. Monitoring muscle mass is important because sarcopenia may be associated with growth impairment.

Total Synthesis of Sekothrixide Strategically Utilizing Regioselective Coupling of TMS-Protected Epoxy sec-Alcohol with Gilman Reagent.

A new efficient synthesis of sekothrixide was established on the basis of our developed regioselective coupling of epoxy sec-alcohol with Gilman reagent guided by a TMS group. The new synthetic route allowed an overall yield of 6.3% (26 steps) from optically active 3-silyloxy-2-methylaldehyde.